《课时把关练》英语选择性必修第三册RJUNIT 4 Part I Reading and Thinking含答案

UNIT4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGE第课时把关练PartIReadingandThinking基础知识练Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Holidaysareexpensiveand，forthoseonloww（工资），theyareoftenunobtainable.2.Losingthebasketballmatchlastweekwasab（激烈而不愉快的）disappointmentfortheteam.3.Isaidgoodbyetomyfriendashegota（上，登上）thetrainatBeijingRailwayStation.4.Theyenjoyedanincomeandlifestylethatmanypeoplewoulde（羡慕）.5.Hesawthecornerofamagazinestickingoutfromundertheb（毛毯）.6.Wemustfindwaystoassureourchildrenad（相当不错的）startinlife.7.Thereformsaremotivatedbyag（真正的）concernforthedisabled.8.Myhearts（下沉）becauseIthoughthewasgoingtoleavemebehind.Ⅱ.用所给短语的适当形式填空dreamof，keepup，setoff，turnback，turndown，stickin，afterall，fullofvigour1.Thelittlegirlhasseveralinvitationstostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.2.Nowadaysmanyyoungpeoplefromthecountrysidefindinggoodjobsinbigcities.3.DuringSpringFestival，peopleliketofirecrackersandputupspringcoupletsonthedoor.4.Atdusk，IwalkedasfarasthelakeandthenImadeupmymindto.5.Mr.Smithwasthirtyminuteslateforthemeetingbecausehehadbeentrafficjam.6.Facedwithchallenges，you’dbetteragoodstateofmind.7.Idon’tknowwhyyouaresoconcerned—itisn’tyourproblem.8.Youngpeople，andvitality，arelikethesunateightornineinthemorning.Ⅲ.单句语法填空1.Inmyopinion，thereisnoevidenceindicatingthatheisa（qualify）doctor.2.BeforeIenteredthecompetition，Ihadmixedprogramofstrengthand（endure）training.3.Iwasalwaysan（enthusiasm）reader，sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.4.NeverwillIforgetmyfirst（assign）attheofficeofapopularEnglishnewspaper.5.Ifyoudon’thaveanaim，youwilldriftlikean（abandon）shipatsea.6.Heaskedmetotakefewer（belong）astherewaslittleroomleftinourcar.7.Withfaithand（persevere），Goodallfinallyovercameallthedifficulties.8.Theymadea（resolve）togoclimbingMountTaionSunday.Ⅳ.一句多译1.我下火车时碰巧在下雨，因此只好乘出租车。①itwasrainingwhenIgotoffthetrainandIhadtotakeataxi.（it作形式主语）②IthappenedwhenIgotoffthetrainandIhadtotakeataxi.（动词不定式短语）2.没有你的帮助，我不可能取得这么大的进步。①，Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.（without）②Ifyoume，Iwouldnotsuchgreatprogress.（if引导的虚拟条件句）3.能有机会参加这次会议被认为是很大的荣耀。①Peopleagreathonortohaveachancetoattendtheconference.（it作形式宾语）②agreathonortohaveachancetoattendtheconference.（it作形式主语）4.他给我们讲的这个故事多么有趣啊！①heistellingus!（what引导的感叹句）②heistellingus!（how引导的感叹句）5.树上的苹果太高了，我够不着。①Theapplesonthetreeare.（too...to...句式）②Theapplesonthetreearethem.（so...that...句式）能力提升练=5\*ROMANV.课文语法填空MynameisPerceBlackborowandIhavebeendreamingof1.expeditiontotheSouthPolewithSirErnestShackleton.Oneday，IreadtheadvertisementabouttheAntarcticexpedi-tioninthenewspaper，butwhenI2.（apply）tojoinit，IwasturneddownbecauseIwastooyoungandwasn’tqualified.Igotaboardtheshipwithout3.（permit）andhidinasmallcupboard，but4.（discover）threedayslater.Shackletonassignedmetobeasteward，andIcookedfortwenty-eightmen.How5.（excite）Iwas.Thejourneywas6.（hard）thanIexpected.WhenwewentnearAntarctica，ourshipbecame7.（stick）intheiceandgotcrushed.Beforeabandoningtheship，wewereonlyallowedtotakesomeofournecessitiesandhadtothrowawaytherest.Wewerecampingontheice，butwithspring8.（come），theicewouldbegintomelt.Wehadbeenstrugglingfordays，buttheconditionsonElephantIslandweregoingfrombadtoworse.ShackletonleftustofindhelponSouthGeorgiaIsland，9.was1，320kilometresaway.Therewasnofoodontheislandexceptasealorapenguinwesometimescaught.Iwasinlowspirits.However，withthegenuineconcernofFrankandErnest，Iwasfilledwithhopeandthoughttherewasachancewewouldreturnhome，10.all.VI.阅读理解AThankstoitsharshenvironment，Antarcticaremainedlargelyuntouchedbyhumansformanymillennia（千年），allowingathrivingecosystemtoevolve.However，sincethe1990s，thelasttruewildernessontheplanetisbecominganincreasinglypopulardestinationforadventure-seekingtourists.Now，anewstudydeclaresthatthevisitorsmaybeleavingbehindharmfulbacteriawhichcoulddevastateallofthearea’snativebirdpopulation.Humanscaninfectanimalswithillnessessuchastheflu.Researchers，however，believedthattheAntarcticanimalswereimmunetothedangerduetothecontinent’sextremeweather.However，microbiologistMartaCerda-Cuellarwasnotconvinced.SheandsomecolleaguesdecidedtoexaminewastesamplesfromAntarcticbirdsforevidenceofhumanbacteria.Toensurethewastewasnotpolluted，thescientistshadtocollectitfromthebirdsthemselves.Theresultsoftheirstudyrevealedthepresenceofseveraltypesofhumanbacteriainthebirdwaste.Thisincludedacommonstrain（品种）ofbacteriathatcausesfoodpoisoninginhumans.Theresearcherssaidthebacteriastrainswereresistanttocommonly-usedhumanantibiotics，indicatingtheywerebroughtinbythevisitors，ratherthanmigratorybirds.“Thesestrains，whichareacommoncauseforinfectionsinhumansandlivestock，donotusuallycausedeathoutbreaksinwildanimals，”saysGonzalezSolis.“However，theemergingofinvasivepathogens（病原体）thatarrivetohighlysensitivepopulationscouldhavesevereconsequencesandcausethelocalcollapseandextinctionofsomepopulations.”Theresearcheralsofearsthepresenceofthesebugscouldforeshadow（预示）thearrivalofother，moredeadly，pathogensasthenumberoftouristsincreases.Expertsbelievetheonlywaytopreventthemassdestructionofthebirdsistoimposestricterregulationsor，atleast，puttheonesalreadyinplaceintoeffect.Forexample，whiletheAntarcticaTreatyrequiresvisitorstocarrytheirwastebackhometosafeguardthepristine（原始纯净的）environment，theregulationisrarelyenforced.Fortunately，nowadayssomeofficialsaretakingstepstosavethevulnerable（容易受伤的）birdsbeforeit’stoolate.1.WhatproblemisAntarcticafacingaccordingtoParagraphs1&2?A.Theincreasingnumberofbirds. B.Theworseningwilderness.C.Thereplacednativebirdspecies. D.Thespreadofinfectiousillnesses.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devastate”mean?A.Reject. B.Protect. C.Destroy. D.Benefit.3.WhatdoweknowaboutthewastesamplesfromAntarcticbirdsthescientistscollected?A.Therewereseveraltypesofhumanbacteriainthem.B.Migratorybirdsbroughtthesestrainsofbacteriain.C.Thestrainsusuallycausedeathoutbreaksinwildanimals.D.Theinvasivepathogenswillbecomemoredeadlyonessoon.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofbirdpopulationinAntarctica?A.Indifferent. B.Doubtful. C.Ambiguous. D.Optimistic.BIwasshockedatthenewsthatDaisy-MayDemetre，9，becamethefirstchilddoubleamputee（截肢）towalkontherunwayatNewYorkFashionWeekinSeptemberonthetopoftheEiffelTower.Daisy-May，ofBirmingham，wasbornwithfibularhemimelia（腓骨半肢畸形）.Theconditionisrare，occurringin1in50，000births.Whenshewas18monthsold，Daisy-May’sparentschosetohavebothoftheyounggirl’slegsamputated—therightabovethekneeandtheleftbelowtheknee—inthehopesofgivingherabetterqualityoflifewithprosthetics（假肢）.Lateron，sheusedprostheticlegstohelpherwalkandmove.“Wehadthechoiceforhertolivelikethatortogofortheoperation，”Alex，Daisy-May’sfather，said.“Wedidn’tknowatthetimethatDaisy-Maywouldbeasgoodassheisnow.Insteadofbeingdiscouragedbyprostheticlegs，sheisinspiringeveryonebyshowingthemwhosheis.”Sheis，inmanyways，justlikeanyfifth-grader.Inschool，sheprefersEnglishovermath，andlovesgymnastics.Sheisagymnastaswellasamodel.Butit’shermovesontherunwaythatshedthemostconfidence.She’sbeenmodellingfor18monthsandhasalreadydominatedLondonFashionWeek，havingworkedforseveralhighstreetbrandsintheUK.ShewasevennamedChildofCourageinthePrideofBirminghamAwardsforinspiringotherchildrentodreambiginthefaceofimmensechallenges.IntheopinionofDaisy-May’sfather，modellingdoesn’tdefineDaisy-May.Rather，it’sasmallpartofwhosheis.ShejustdoesDaisy.Itisthewayshegoesaboutlifewithasmileonherface.Whetherit’sdancing，singing—sheisaveryspeciallittlegirl.5.WhatcausedDaisy-Maytomissherbothlegswhilestillababy?A.Ararebirthillness. B.Anexpectedaccident.C.AParisFashionShow. D.Anunsuccessfuloperation.6.WhatcanweconcludefromParagraph3?A.Daisy-Maywasunwillingtogoforanoperation.B.Daisy-Maywasdisappointedbyhermissinglegs.C.Daisy-May’sfatherthinksDaisy-Mayisamazing.D.Daisy-May’sfatherconsidersDaisy-Mayismodest.7.WhichactionmadeDaisy-Mayshowhermostconfidence?A.SpeakingEnglishfluently. B.Workingoutmathproblems.C.Doinggraceful（优雅的）gymnastics. D.Walkingontherunwayasamodel.8.Inherfather’sopinion，whatmakesDaisy-Maytoday?A.Singinganddancinginaspecialway.B.Takingonlifewithasmileonherface.C.Pursuingherdreamofbecomingaglobalinspiration.D.Beingdeterminedtobeaworld-famousmodel.VII.完形填空Thelossofsightcanbedevastating（毁灭性的），particularlyfordogs.Whiletherearemanytoolstohelp1disabledpeople，mostofourfurryfriendswithlimitedsightaren’taslucky.Thiswasespeciallyaproblemfora14-year-oldblinddognamedTerfel，whohadtostayinhisdogbedmostofthetimetokeep2，whichwasnota（n）3lifeforhimtobehealthy.4，everythinghaschangedinhislifesincehemetanunlikelyfriend!Oneday，Judy，Terfel’sowner，5ahomelesscatshenamedPudditat.Hewasa6catandnotverynicetoJudy’sothercats.Buthedidmakeonefriendathisnewhome—Terfel.Andtheirrelationshipwastruly7!Thisfriendshipwentfar8justafewlate-eveningsnuggles（依偎）inthesharedbed.Pudditattookonanother9entirelyinTerfel’slife—heofferedhis10asaseeingeyecat!What’smore，Pudditatdidn’t11himselftohelpingTerfelavoidbumpingintothings.Healso12hisfriendoutdoors.It’s13tothinkwhattheirlivesmighthavebeenlikewithoutoneanother!WithoutPudditat，Terfelwouldhaveundoubtedly14indoors.AndPudditatwouldhavelikelylivedalifeoflonelinesswithnointerestinhiscatcompanions.15，thatwasn’tthecase!1.A.mentally B.permanently C.seriously D.visually2.A.alive B.warm C.safe D.strong3.A.desiring B.entire C.simple D.peaceful4.A.Besides B.Furthermore C.However D.Therefore5.A.gaveaway B.putaway C.adapted D.adopted6.A.lonely B.fierce C.friendly D.brave7.A.complex B.strange C.unique D.common8.A.beyond B.into C.against D.over9.A.aspect B.appearance C.form D.role10.A.foods B.greetings C.skills D.services11.A.contribute B.limit C.devote D.oppose12.A.guided B.followed C.allowed D.trained13.A.formal B.normal C.hard D.natural14.A.stayedup B.wastedaway C.sloweddown D.movedon15.A.Similarly B.Hopefully C.Surprisingly D.Thankfully课时把关练PartIReadingandThinking参考答案Ⅰ.1.wages2.bitter3.aboard4.envy5.blanket6.decent7.genuine8.sankⅡ.1.turneddown 2.dreamof 3.setoff 4.turnback5.stuckin 6.keepup 7.afterall 8.fullofvigourⅢ.1.qualified句意：在我看来，没有证据表明他是个合格的医生。所填词修饰名词，所以用形容词形式。2.endurance句意：我在参赛之前做了一些混合性的包括力量和耐力的训练。根据前面的strength可知，此处应用名词，所以填endurance。3.enthusiastic句意：我一直是个热心的读者，小时候有时一天读三本书。由语境可知，此处要填形容词形式。4.assignment句意：我永远不会忘记我在一家畅销英文报纸的办公室的第一项工作任务。所填词作宾语，所以用名词形式。5.abandoned句意：如果没有目标，你就会像大海上的弃船一样随波逐流。根据句意可知，此处表示“被遗弃的”，所以用abandoned。6.belongings句意：他让我少拿点儿财物，因为在我们的车里几乎没有空间了。所填词作宾语，所以用名词形式。根据fewer可知，该词要用复数形式。7.perseverance句意：凭着信心和毅力，古德尔终于战胜了一切困难。所填词作介词的宾语，所以用名词形式。8.resolution句意：他们决定周日去爬泰山。makearesolution意为“决定，下决心”。Ⅳ.1.①Itsohappenedthat it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句。②toberaining 动词不定式的进行时。happentobedoingsth.碰巧在做某事。2.①Withoutyourhelp without是介词，意为“没有”。②hadn’thelped，havemade if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，所以用过去完成时。3.①considerit it是形式宾语，代替后面的动词不定式短语。②Itisconsidered it是形式主语，代替后面的动词不定式短语。4.①Whataninterestingstory感叹句的中心词是名词时，要用“what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”形式。②Howinterestingastory 感叹句的中心词是形容词时，要用“how+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”形式。5.①toohightoreach too...to...意为“太……而不能……”。②sohighthatIcan’treach so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。=5\*ROMANV.【语篇解读】本文主要记叙了作者在去南极探险的路上遇险并顽强活下去的经历。1.anexpedition是读音以元音音素开头的单数可数名词，此处是泛指，所以填an。2.applied讲述过去发生的事情要用一般过去时。3.permissionwithout是介词，后接名词作宾语。4.wasdiscovered I和discover之间构成被动关系，又因为全篇都在讲述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。5.excited此处表示作者的心理感受，所以用excited。6.harder根据than可知，此处要用比较级。7.stuckbecomestuckin...被困在……8.coming此处是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，spring和come之间为主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式。9.which先行词是事物，关系词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，所以用which。10.afterafterall是固定短语，意为“毕竟，终归”。VI.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述由于南极洲的寒冷，人类几千年来没有踏足。然而，自20世纪90年代以来，地球上最后一片真正的荒野正日益成为探险游客的热门目的地。一项新的研究发现游客们可能留下有害细菌，影响鸟类的生存。科学家对此做了研究，建议限制人类旅游的数量。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now，anewstudydeclaresthatthevisitorsmaybeleavingbehindharmfulbacteriawhichcoulddevastateallofthearea’snativebirdpopulation.”以及第二段第一句“Humanscaninfectanimalswithillnessessuchastheflu.”可知，南极洲面临传染病传播的问题。2.C词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句中thevisitorsmaybeleavingbehindharmfulbacteria（参观者可能留下了有害的细菌）和划线词后面的allofthearea’snativebirdpopulation（所有当地鸟类的数量）及常识推知，细菌会“摧毁”鸟类种群。3.A细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Theresultsoftheirstudyrevealedthepresenceofseveraltypesofhumanbacteriainthebirdwaste.”可知，科学家收集的南极鸟类的粪便样本中有几种人类细菌。4.D推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Fortunately，nowadayssomeofficialsaretakingstepstosavethevulnerablebirdsbeforeit’stoolate.”可知，现在一些官员正在采取措施挽救脆弱的鸟类，由此可知，作者对南极洲鸟类种群的前景持乐观态度。【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是黛西·梅患了先天性罕见疾病，导致她失去了双腿，但她成为第一个在纽约时装周埃菲尔铁塔顶端走秀的双腿截肢儿童，这一消息让人震惊。带着微笑面对生活让黛西有了今天的快乐。5.A细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知，黛西·梅患了先天性罕见疾病，导致她失去了双腿。6.C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Wedidn’tknowatthetimethatDaisy-Maywouldbeasgoodassheisnow.”和sheisinspiringeveryonebyshowingthemwhosheis可知，黛西·梅的父亲认为她很了不起。7.D细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句可知，作为模特走在T台上让黛西·梅展示了她最自信的一面。8.B细节理解题。根据最后一段内容，特别是“ShejustdoesDaisy.Itisthewayshegoesaboutlifewithasmileonherface.”可知，在她父亲看来，