新高考英语二轮复习题型专练06 高频语法之名词性从句、定语从句与语法填空(原卷版)

高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）06高频语法之名词性从句、定语从句与语法填空【技法总结】高频考点一名词性从句【高考试题再现】语法填空1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’mnotsureismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.2.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidencetheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.答案：1.who2.that【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略名词性从句做题两步骤第1步判断是否属于名词性从句;第2步判断名词性从句中的连接词;若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语,用连接代词;若缺少状语就用连接副词;如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整,是否需要用whether/if;如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。【重点知识提醒】一、宾语从句1.引导宾语从句的连接词从属连词that、whether、if；连接代词what、who、whose、whatever、whichever、whoever等；连接副词when、where、why、how等；从句用陈述语序。·Wepromisewhoeverattendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。·Itrulybelievethatbeautycomesfromwithin.我确信美来自内在。·Whatweshouldtakewithusdependsonwherewe'llstay.我们需要随身带什么东西，取决于我们将在什么地方停留。2．it做形式宾语的宾语从句(1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it做形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：find、feel、think、consider、believe、guess、suppose、make等。·Hehasmadeitclearthatthemeetingwillnotbepostponed.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。(2)动词hate、like、dislike、appreciate、enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”等的动词以及一些动词短语seeto、dependon、relyon等，常用it做形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。·Ishallseetoitthathewillbetakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.你不在的时候，我会确保把他照顾好。二、主语从句和表语从句1.主语从句(1)that连接从句时，没有具体意思，不充当句子成分，只是起标志性的作用，但that不能省略。what引导时，既要在从句中充当成分，又有意义。·Itneveroccurredtomethatyoucouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.我从来没想到你会成功地说服他改变主意。(2)whether连接从句时，表示怀疑，不能省略，意为“是否”，在句首时不能用if替换。·Whetheritwilldousharmorgoodremainstobeseen.究竟此事对我们有害还是有利，还有待观察。(3)连接代词、连接副词引导主语从句时不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。·Whowilltakeoverthecompanyhasnotbeendecided.谁将接管公司还没定好。(4)用it做形式主语的常用句型：①It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)＋that从句；②It＋be＋名词(短语)(apity/ashame/nowonder等)＋that从句；③It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)＋that从句；④It＋特殊动词(seems,appears,happens,matters)＋that从句。·ItisapitythatImissedthepartyheldlastnight.很遗憾我错过了昨晚举行的聚会。·Itisreportedthattheaccidentwascausedbycarelessness.据报道，该事故源于(司机的)粗心驾驶。(5)在Itisnecessary/important/suggested/advised/ordered＋that从句结构中，从句用“(should＋)动词原形”。2．表语从句(1)引导表语从句的连接词从属连词that、whether；连接代词what、who、whose、whatever、whichever、whoever等；连接副词when、where、why、how等；从句用陈述语序。·I'dliketostartmyownbusiness—that'swhatI'ddoifIhadthemoney.我愿意自己创业——那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。(2)常见的表语从句句型：①Itlooks/seemsasif...好像……；仿佛……；②Thisisbecause...这是因为……(强调原因)；③Thereasonwhy...isthat...……的原因是……；④Thatiswhy...那就是……的原因(强调结果)；⑤Thequestion/problemiswhether/when/where...问题是……；⑥Hisdream/suggestion/aim/purposeisthat...他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是……；⑦what从句＋be＋that从句。高频考点二定语从句【高考试题再现】语法填空1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth.2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)ButSarah,hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.3.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014showedamerefivetotenminutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.4.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.5.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.答案：1.which2.who3.which/that4.which5.who/that【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略1.确定定语从句关系词的解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。2.关系词应遵循“缺什么,补什么”的原则(1)如果先行词指人,定语从句中缺少主语,限制性定语从句中用who/that;非限制性定语从句中用who。(2)如果先行词指人,定语从句中缺少宾语,限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom;非限制性定语从句中用whom。(3)如果先行词指物,定语从句中缺少主语或宾语,限制性定语从句中用which/that;非限制性定语从句用which。(4)如果先行词指时间或地点,定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语,则用when或where;如果缺少主语或宾语,则用that或which。(5)在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人,则关系词用whom;如果先行词指物,则用which。【重点知识提示】一、关系代词that、which、as引导的定语从句1.6种只用that引导定语从句的情况(1)先行词是all、everything、anything、nothing、something、little、much、none、few、theone等不定代词时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that)(2)先行词被all、any、few、every、no、little、much、some等词修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that)(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。(4)先行词被theonly、thevery(正是、恰是)、thelast修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that)(5)先行词含有人和物两者时。(6)先行词在主句中做表语，或关系词在从句中做表语时。2．4种只用which引导定语从句的情况(1)先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时。(2)先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。(3)先行词本身是that时。(4)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。3．5种多用as引导定语从句的情况(1)非限制性定语从句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中间皆可。(2)非限制性定语从句的谓语为beannounced、beexpected、beknown、bementioned、bereported、besaid等被动式谓语。(3)表示整个主句内容，有时含有“按照；正如；根据”等意思。(4)在下列固定结构中，关系代词指代整个主句所述的内容：①asweallknow我们都知道②asweallcansee正如我们大家所能看到的那样③asisoftenthecase情况常常如此④asiswellknown众所周知(5)当先行词被such、thesame、so＋adj.＋a/an、sucha/an＋adj.修饰时。二、关系代词who、whom、whose1.who和whom的用法(1)先行词为one、ones、anyone、those指代人时。·Thosewhoareinterestedinthefilmcancontactme.对该电影感兴趣的可与我联系。(2)当先行词为人且关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom。whom在定语从句中做介词的宾语时，介词可放在后面，也可提前构成“介词＋whom(先行词指人)”结构。·Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyofwhomlefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.这里居住着将近1000人，他们中的许多人都离开家乡去城市追求更好的生活。2．whose的用法whose指人或物，做定语，表示“……的”，可转换为“of＋关系代词”。关系代词whose可指人，表示“该人的”，也可指物，表示“该物的”；在以物为先行词时，可用ofwhich代替whose在从句中做定语。[提示]关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。·Tomisoneoftheengineerswhoaresentabroad.汤姆是被派往国外的工程师之一。·Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词先行词句法功能when时间时间状语，相当于表时间的“介词＋which”where地点、情形、状况、活动、关键点等地点状语，相当于表地点的“介词＋which”why原因原因状语，相当于forwhich·Helivedinatimewhentheblindcouldn'tgetmucheducation.在他生活的那个时代，盲人是接受不了什么教育的。·Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,whereweenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。[提示]若先行词为一些表示地点的抽象名词，如situation、point、stage、position等，且引导词在从句中作状语，则常用关系副词where或“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，表示到了某种程度，在某种情况下；如果引导词在从句中做主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which引导。·Atlasthegottheposition(that/which)hehadbeendreamingof.他最终得到了他梦寐以求的那个职位。·Ihavecometothepointwhere/atwhichIcan'tstandhim.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。四、介词＋关系代词1.“介词＋关系代词”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指物/事时，关系代词用which；先行词指人时，关系代词用whom。当介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略。·Caringforthesoulisagradualprocessinwhicheventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.关爱灵魂是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中，即使生活中的小细节也应顾及。·Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000,atwhichhisfatherwasangry.他花20000多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对此很生气。2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句。·Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,mostofwhicharebeyondourcontrol.植物的生长速度受到很多因素的影响，其中大部分因素是我们无法控制的。·Therearearoundfourhundredstudentsinourgrade,mostofwhomarefromtheXichengDistrict.我们年级有大约四百名学生，其中大多数都来自西城区。【专题训练】1阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。TheBritishhavebeendrinkingteaforover350years.Butinfact,thehistoryofteagoesmuch1.(far)back.ThestoryofteabeginsinChina.Accordingtothelegend,theChineseemperorShenNungwassitting2.atreewhilehisservantboileddrinkingwater,whensomeleavesfromthetreeblewintothewater.ShenNung,3.expertinherbalmedicine,decidedtotrythewaterhisservantcreated.Asaresult,ittastedsogoodthatlaterthedrinkwas4.wenowcalltea.Itis5.(possible)toknowwhetherthereisanytruthinthisstory.6.,teadrinkingcertainlywasestablishedinChinamanycenturiesbeforeithadevenbeenheardofinthewest.Containersoftea7.(find)intombsdatingfromtheHandynasty(206BC-220AD)beforeteawasfirmlyestablishedasthenationaldrinkofChinaintheTangdynasty(618-906AD).Itbecame8.afavoritethingthatduringthelateeighthcentury,awriter9.(call)LuYuwrotethefirstbookentirelyabouttea,theCh’aChing,orTeaClassic.ItwasshortlyafterthisthatteawasfirstintroducedtoJapan,byJapaneseBuddhistmonkswhohadtravelledtoChinatostudybefore.TeadrinkinghasbecomeavitalpartofJapaneseculture,10.mayberootedinthespritdescribedintheCh’aChing.2阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Youknowwhereyourlookscomefrom—forexample,youmayhaveyowmother’snoseoryourfather’seyes.Butwhataboutthingsthatwecan’tsee,likeyouwent11.music?Isthissomethingthatyoulearned,orareyourabilitiesandpersonalitytraits12.(determine)byyourgenes(基因)?Whatmakes13.individualbehaveinacertain14.anddisplaycertaintalents?Scientistsarenotclear15.theanswertothisquestionis.Those16.supportthenaturetheorybelievethathumans17.(program)geneticallytobehaveincertainways,regardlessofcultureandupbringing.Onetheotherhand,wehavethenurturetheory,which18.(argue)thataperson'sbehaviorandpersonalityaredevelopedbyteachingandexperience.Thereisevidence19.(support)bothofthesetheoriesandthedebateisstilltoberesolved.Itseemsmostprobablethatboththeorieshavetheirvalidity(正确性)andthatnatureandnurtureeachplaya20.inmakinguswhoweare.3阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。AtwistoffateWhenTamaraRabimetAdrianaScottatalocalMcDonald’srestaurant,theirliveschangedforever.“Ididn’tknowwhattosay21.‘hi’.Iwasjustsoshocked--itwaslikeseeingmyself,”saysAdriana.TheywerebothstudentsatneighbouringuniversitiesinLongIsland,NewYork,andtheyhadgrownuponly30kilometresapart.Theysharedabirthday,theywereexactlythesameheightandbothlovedhiphop.Butthemostimportantthing22.wassharedbetweenthemwasthesameMexicanmother.Bothgirlsgrewupknowingthattheirmother23.(give)themupforadoptionwhentheywereborn,buttheyhadnoidea24.theyhadatwinsister.Then,JustinLattore,afriendofAdriana’s,wenttoTamara’stwentiethbirthdayparty.WhenhewalkedinandsawTamara,hardly25.hebelievehiseyes.“Iwasjustshocked--shelookedsomuchlikeAdriana,”saysJustin.Thenitgotclear--theyhadtobesisters.Infact,Tamarahadalreadynoticedthatstrangersonheruniversitycampusoftensmiledandsaidhello,clearly26.(mistake)herforsomeoneelse.Followingthebirthday,JustinputthetwogirlsintouchandtheyarrangedtheMcDonald’smeetingbyemail.“27.shecametowardsme,shewaswalkinglikeme,talkinglikeme,”saysTamara.“Wehavethesamemannerisms,thesameinterestsandgotthesamegradesatschool,”addsAdriana.Thegirlevendiscoveredthataschildrentheyhadoftenhadthesamenightmareofareallyloudnoise28.(follow)byaveryquietone.Theyhadanothersadfactoracommon.29.oftheiradoptivefathershaddiedafewyearsbeforetheymet.Nowthetwinsarefinishingtheirstudies,andtheymeetoften.“Ifeelshe’smysister,butourrelationshiprightnowismorelikefriends,”saysTamara.She’soptimisticandexcitedthattheirfutureswillbetogether.“Wewillalwayshaveeachother.Wedon’thaveanyotherbrothersandsisters--wearesure30.(grow)oldtogether!”4阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。PassYourLoveon31.(wait)fortheairplanetotakeoff，Iwashappytogetaseatbymyself.Justthen，32.airhostessapproachedmeandasked，“Wouldyoumind33.(change)yourseat?Acouplewouldliketosittogether.”Theonlypossibleseatwasnexttoagirlwithherarmsincasts(石膏绷带)，ablack－and－blueface，andasad34.(express).“NowayamIgoingtositthere，”Ithought35.(immediate).Butasoftvoicespoke，“Sheneedshelp.”Finally，Idecidedtomovetothatseat.ThegirlwasnamedKathy.Shehadbeeninacaraccidentandnowwas36.herwaytotreatment.Whenthesnacksandjuicearrived，itdidnottakemelongtorealize37.Kathywouldnotbeabletofeedherself.Iconsidered38.(offer)tofeedherbuthesitated，asitseemedtooimpolitetoofferaservicetoastranger.ButthenIrealizedthatKathy'sneedwasmoreimportantthanmydiscomfort.Iofferedtohelphereat，and39.shewasuncomfortabletoaccept，shedidasIexpected.Webecamecloserandcloserinashortperiodoftime.Bytheendofthefive－hourtrip，webecamefriends，andthetimeremovesthefearthatkeepsusseparate.Whenweoffertoserveanother，wegrowtoliveinalargerand40.(many)rewardingworld.5阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。AgirlwhohasagiftfordrawingIwenttoanexhibitionlastmonth,41.Iadmiredalotofwonderfulpaintings.Mary,42.drawingswereshownattheexhibition,isamodelstudent43.isoftenpraisedforhergoodworkatschool.Assoonaswegotintotheexhibitionhall44.thepaintingswereonshow,oureyeswerecaughtbyaverylargepicture45.washungonthewallinfrontofus.Thehorse46.wasdrawninthepicturewasexactlylikearealhorse.Theman47.wasridingonitlookedlikealivingman.Itwasthebestpicture48.Ihadeverseen,andIshouldsayMaryisthebestyoungpainter49.Ihaveeverheardof.However,youwillbequitemistakenifyouthinkthatMarywasbornagoodpainter.OneofherteacherstoldmethatithadtakenMarythousandsofhourstolearnandpractisedrawingbeforeshebecamethebestyoungpainter50.haseverbeenheardofinherhometown.Butifyousaythatshehaslearnedtobesogoodatdrawingonlybyworkinghardatit,Iwillcertainlyagreewithyou.6阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Awomaninbluejeansstoodatthewindowof51.expensiveshop.Thoughshehesitatedforamoment,shefinallywentinandaskedtoseeadress52.wasinthewindow.Theassistantwhoservedherdidnotlikethewayshewasdressed.53.(look)atherscornfully,hetoldherthatthedress54.(sell).Thewomanwalked55.oftheshopangrilyanddecidedtopunishtheassistantnextday.Shereturnedtotheshopthefollowingmorningdressedinafurcoat,56.ahandbaginonehandandalongumbrellaintheother.57.seekingouttherudeassistantsheaskedforthesamedress.Notrealizingwhoshewas,theassistantwaseagertoserveherthistime.Withgreat58.(difficult),heclimbedintotheshopwindowtogetthedress.Assoonasshesawit,thewomansaidshe59.(not)likeit.Sheenjoyed60.（she）makingtheassistantbringalmosteverythinginthewindowbeforefinallybuyingthedressshehadfirstaskedfor.7阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式.Fido,alittledog,wasveryanxioustogetthefavoronhismaster.Hetookcare,however,neithertobetroublesome,61.wouldhefollowhimintothelivingroomunlesshewasasked.Healsotriedtomake62.(he)usefultohiskindmaster.Hewoulddriveawaystrangepigsandotheranimals63.cameintotheyard.Oncewhenhismasterwassick,Fido64.(lie)attheroomdooranddidnotleave,eventogethisfood.Whenhismasterwaswellenough,Fido65.(admit)intotheroom,andshowedsomanysignsofjoythathismasterwasmorefond66.himthanever.Fidoevenhadachanceof67.(save)hismaster'slife.HismasterwassleepinginasummerhousewithFidoathisside.Suddenly68.dogsawthewallshake,anddirtfallfromtheceiling.Fidoknewthattherewasdanger,andbeganbarking69.(awake)hismaster.Asthisdidnotsucceed,hejumpedup,and70.(gentle)bithisfinger.Hismasterhadjusttimetogetoutofthedoorwhenthewholebuildingfell.Fidowashurtbysomeoftherubbish.Andhismasterh