新高考英语二轮复习题型专练05 高频语法之并列句、状语从句、特殊结构与语法填空(原卷版)

高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）05高频语法之并列句、状语从句、特殊结构与语法填空【技法总结】高频考点一并列句与状语从句【高考试题再现】语法填空1.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Cornuseslesswaterriceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.2.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)IworknotbecauseIhaveto,becauseIwantto.3.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraininghardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.答案：1.than2.but3.so【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略1.完整的句子中,如果两个单词或短语并列,要填并列连词;2.若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号,也没有连词,空格处必定填连词;3.牢记特殊句式中连词的运用;4.全面掌握九大状语从句的连接词,熟悉它们的用法;5.准确判断主从句的逻辑关系,同时要注意区分易混词。【重点知识提示】一、并列句并列句中使用的连词是高考考查的重点，考生要熟练掌握常考并列连词的用法。1．and表示顺承以及并列关系，还可以用于固定句式：“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”。2．but表示转折关系，不能与although和though连用。3．so为表示因果关系的连词，一般前一句子多为后面句子存在的原因，so后面的句子为结果，so不能和表示原因的从属连词because连用。4．or“或者”为表示选择关系的连词，or还可译为“否则”，可用于句型：“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”。5．利用连词词组both...and...、neither...nor...、notonly...butalso...、either...or...、not...but...特殊搭配解题。6．when/while用作并列连词when和while可做并列连词。when表示“在那时，此时突然”；while表示“然而，而”，表对比或转折关系。并列连词when常用于以下句型中：...was/weredoing...when...……正在做……突然……...was/wereabouttodo...when...……刚要做……突然……...was/wereonthepointofdoing...when...……刚要做……突然……...hadjustdone...when...……刚/一……就……·Thechildrenwereplayingwhentheyheardthesoundofamotorbike.孩子们正在玩耍，这时他们听见了摩托车的声音。·Heisstrongwhilehisbrotherisweak.他很强壮而他哥哥却很虚弱。二、让步状语从句和时间状语从句1.让步状语从句(1)although、though、while引导的让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可与yet或still连用。·Though/Although/Whileregularexerciseisveryimportant,it'sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime.尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。(2)though与as引导的让步状语从句though引导的让步状语从句置于句首时，从句可倒装也可用正常语序；而as意为“尽管”时，引导的让步状语从句用倒装结构，即as引导的从句一般置于主句之前，从句中的形容词、副词、名词或动词原形置于句首。若是单数名词前置时，要省略冠词。·Childas/thoughhewas,hehelpedmealot.尽管他是个孩子，他却帮了我很大的忙。(名词)·Tryas/thoughhemight,hecouldnotopenthedoor.不管他怎样努力，他还是不能打开那个门。(动词)(3)“疑问词＋－ever”引导的让步状语从句，意为“无论……”。·Howeverhardyoutry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。(4)whether...or...引导的让步状语从句，意为“不论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。·We'llgoonwiththework,whetherwecanfindthenecessarytoolsorwecannot.不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。2．时间状语从句(1)when指的是“某一具体时间”，可与延续性或非延续性动词连用，whenever“无论何时”；while“在……期间”，只与延续性动词连用；as表“一边……一边……”，强调主从句动作同时发生。(2)before/since引导时间状语从句的用法①before做连词：Itwill/won'tbe＋一段时间＋before...意为“过了多少时间才/没过多长时间就……”。before还可以做介词，意为“在……以前”。②since引导时间状语从句时表示“自从……以来”，从句一般表示动作的起点，用一般过去时；主句表示动作的延续情况，一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。常用句型：Itis/hasbeen＋一段时间＋since...。·Sincehegraduatedfromcollege,hehasworkedinthiscity.自从大学毕业以来，他一直在这座城市工作。·Itisfiveyearssincehelivedhere.他在这儿住已有五年了。(3)till,until,not...until①延续性动词(肯定式)＋until/till表示动作延续到某一时间为止。·Wewalkedalongtheriveruntil/tillitwasdark.我们沿着河散步，一直到天黑。②非延续性动词/延续性动词(否定式)＋until/till表示“直到……才”。·Hedidn'tknowanythingaboutituntil/tillItoldhim.直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。(4)其他用于引导时间状语从句的词或短语①themoment、theminute、theinstant、thesecond、directly、immediately、instantly等名词短语和副词可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。·DirectlyIreceivedhisletterIwenttoseehim.我一收到他的信就去看他了。②在hardly/scarcely...when...与nosooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。③everytime、anytime、thefirsttime、bythetime、eachtime等名词词组也可引导时间状语从句。·EverytimeIexpressanopinion,shealwaysarguesback.每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。三、地点状语从句和条件状语从句1.地点状语从句where与wherever可引导地点状语从句。·Today,wewillbeginwherewestoppedyesterdaysothatnopointwillbeleftout.今天我们将从昨天停止的地方开始，因此就不会遗漏任何要点。2．条件状语从句的常见引导词：if、unless(＝if...not)、so/aslongas(只要)、onconditionthat(条件是)、onlyif(只有)、providedthat(如果)、incase(万一，如果)、suppose/supposingthat(假设，如果)、assumingthat(假设)等。·Myparentsdon'tmindwhatjobIdoaslongasIamhappy.我的父母不在意我从事什么工作，只要我高兴就好。3．在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来含义；现在完成时表即将完成之后的情况；一般过去时表过去将来的含义。四、其他状语从句1.原因状语从句原因状语从句可由because、as、since、nowthat(inthat)等词引导：(1)because译为“因为”，表直接原因，语气较强，能回答由why提出的问句。·TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchairbecausehewantedtositnexttohiswife.那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着妻子坐。(2)as(由于)、since(既然)、nowthat/inthat(既然)，表双方都知道的原因，语气较弱。as、since和nowthat引导的从句多位于主句之前。·Nowthatyouhavedonethat,stopblamingyourself.既然你已经做了，就不要自责了。2．目的状语从句(1)inorderthat引导的从句可置于主句之前或之后，而sothat引导的从句通常置于主句之后。在从句中常与can、may、could、might等情态动词连用。·Inorderthatwemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeakearly.为了能看到日出，我们早早地出发去山顶。(2)forfearthat/incase这两个连词引导的目的状语从句中的谓语常用“(should＋)动词原形”。·Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat/incasehe(should)forgetit.他把名字写下来以免忘了。3．结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：sothat、so...that、such...that。其结构是：(1)so＋adj./adv.＋that从句so＋adj.＋a(n)＋可数名词单数＋that从句so＋many/much/little(少)/few＋名词＋that从句(2)such＋a(n)＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that从句such＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋that从句such＋alotof/lotsof＋名词＋that从句(3)主句＋sothat从句·Itwassuchacolddaythattherewasnobodyinthestreet.＝Itwassocoldadaythattherewasnobodyinthestreet.＝Itwasacolddaysothattherewasnobodyinthestreet.天气非常冷，街上一个人也没有。4．方式状语从句方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as(像……一样)、asif/though(似乎，好像)等引导。(1)as引导方式状语从句，前面常可用just加强语气。·Ididjustastheteacherdid.我就像老师做的那样做了。(2)asif/asthough引导方式状语从句时，常用虚拟语气。·ShespokeEnglishsowellasifshehadbeentoAmerica.她英语说得非常好，就好像她去过美国似的。高频考点二特殊结构【高考试题再现】语法填空1.(2017·天津高考)ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.2.(2018·天津高考)ItwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhousewesawLilyinthepassengerseat.答案：1.that2.that【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略建议今后注意一下强调句型。在未来考试中可能考查到。其考查点有:(1)强调句型用于强调陈述句;(2)强调句型用于强调一般疑问句;(3)强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句;(4)强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句用在宾语从句的语序;(5)强调句型用于强调not...until...句型。【重点知识提示】一、祈使句、感叹句和省略句1.祈使句祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)，有时也可用everybody、someone、anybody等不定代词。祈使句的4种形式：①动词原形(＋宾语＋其他成分)；②Be＋表语，如Behonest.；③Let's/Letusdo/notdosth.；④祈使句＋and/or＋简单句(简单句谓语用一般将来时)。2．感叹句(1)what引导的感叹句What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！What＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！·Whatlovelychildrentheyare!他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！(2)how引导的感叹句How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！How＋主语＋谓语！·Howinterestingastoryitis！＝Whataninterestingstoryitis!这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！3．省略句省略是高考经常涉及的语法点，常考的几种省略情况如下：(1)状语从句的省略：在when、while、if、asif、though、as、whether等连词引导的状语从句中，如果谓语有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it，则从句的主语和be常常省略。(2)不定式中的省略：在一定的上下文中为了避免重复，可以省略不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to，否定形式的省略用notto，但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be、have(做助动词用)，通常保留be或have。(3)if引导的虚拟条件句的省略：当if从句中有had、should、were时，可以省去if，同时把had、should、were置于句首。二、强调句强调句是高考考查的难点，在理解强调句时，学生要注意以下6点：1．被强调部分是人时，连接词that/who都可以；非人时，用that；2．强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分？；3．强调句的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？；·Whenwasitthathemadeuphismindtotakethiscourse?他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？4．含not...until...的强调句型：Itis/wasnotuntil＋...＋that＋其他部分；5．把句子中的“Itis/was...that/who”去掉之后，句子依然成立，就是强调句，否则就不是强调句；6．如果需要强调谓语，应用助动词do、does或did。Thefamilydidmanagetosendhimtoatechnicalschool.家里的确设法让他上了技术学校。三、两种形式的倒装句1.部分倒装(1)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never、seldom、rarely、little、few、atnotime、bynomeans、nolonger、hardly/scarcely...when...、nosooner...than...、notonly...butalso...、notuntil、nowhere、neither...nor...等。·NotuntilIlostmyjobdidIrealizeIshouldimprovemyworkingskills.直到我失业了，我才意识到我应该提高我的工作技能。(2)“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。·Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheartwillyoukeepgoodrelationshipswithothers.只有当你能找到内心的平静，你才能和别人保持良好的关系。(3)so/such...that...结构中的so、such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。·Suchgreatprogressdidhemakethathewaspraised.他取得了如此大的进步，以至于受到了表扬。(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。·IsawthefilmTheGreatWalllastweek,sodidshe.我上周看了电影《长城》，她也看了。2．完全倒装here、there、now、then、out、in、up、down、away、onthewall、intheroom等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且句子主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。·ThePublicSquareisaneye－catchingsightofthecity.Therestandmanystonesculpturesoffamoushistoricalfigures.大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。【专题训练】1阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Whiledrivingalonethroughthecountryside,Lindasawanoldwomanbythesideoftheroad,reachingoutherhand.1.wasgettingdarkandraining.“Icantleaveheroutinthisweather,”Lindasaidtoherself,soshestoppedthecar.“ShallIofferyou2.lift?”Lindaasked.Theoldwomannoddedandclimbedintothecar.AfterawhileLindaasked,“Haveyouwaitedforlong?”Theoldwomanshookherhead.3.(strange)enough,theoldwomandidn’tsayasinglewordalltheway.Heronly4.(respond)wasalwaysanodoftheheadorsomethingelselikethat.ThenLindasawthelady’shands,5.wereverylargeandcoveredwiththickhair.Sherealized6.theladywasaman!After7.(stop)thecar,Lindasaid,“can’tseethatmirror.Wouldyoumindcleaningit8.me?”Theladynoddedandopenedthedoor.Assoonasthe“lady”wasoutofthecar,Lindadroveoffquickly.WhenLindaarrivedhome,shefoundthattheoldlady9.(leave)ahandbagonthebackseat.Sheopeneditandletoutadeepbreath.Insideit10.twosharpknives.2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Itwasthespringof1943duringWorldWarⅡ.Standingamonghundredsofnew11.(soldier）atCampGrant,Sam,just18yearsold,waitedasatruckslowlydroveby.12.fullfieldpackwasrandomlythrowntoeachsoldier.Samreceived13.(he)Afterheopenedthepackandlookedatthethingsinit,hewasgreatly14.（astonish）.Hefoundhislastname,Litrenti,wasmarkedoneachthinginhispack."Howstrange!"Samthought.Hedidn'tthinktheone15.threwthefieldpacktohimknewwhohewas.SowhywasSam’slastnamemarkedonthethings?Youmaynotbelieveit,butitwasthefieldpackthathisfather16.（use）duringWorldWarI.Sam17.（certain）didn’tknowthatwhenhereceivedit.Itwasn'tuntilafterthewar18.hefoundoutwhy.Afterthewar,hetalked19.thatwithhisfather.After20..（talk）forawhile,Sam'sfatherbecamesurethatthepackoncebelongedtohim.Boththefatherandthesoncouldn'tbelievethat!Whatacoincidence!3阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Alotoffilmshavetriedtodescribeourmemoriesoffamilymemberswhohavepassedaway.Butfewhavedoneas21.(remark)asCoco,Disney-Pixar’slatestanimation,22.hitthebigscreenonNov.24andwontheOscarin2018.23.(inspire)bytheMexicanholidayofDayoftheDead,thefilm’sproductionteamcreatedayoungboy,Miguel,whowantshisfamilytounderstandhisloveofmusic.AnaccidenttakeshimtotheLandoftheDead.Whilethere,Miguelhas24.unforgettableandadventurousnight.It’sinthismagicalworld25.Miguelgetstomeetanddiscoverthetruthabouthisgreat-great-grandpa.Toprotecthimfrom26.(disappear),Miguelhastobringhisphotobacktothelivingworldassoonaspossible.Whiletoldwithawildimagination,thestory27.(convey)aclearandwarmmessage.“Inanerawhenyoungpeoplearesoeasilyattractedby28.(celebrity),Cocorevealstheemptinessofsuchadulation(谄媚),teachingkids29.(preserve)andrespectthememoryoftheirelderswhileremindingthemthatthesourceoftruecreativityissooften30.(person),”wrotereporterPeterDebrugeonVariety.4阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheHongKong-zhuhai-macaoBridgeopenedtothepublicon23rdOctober2018.Itistheworld's31.(long）cross-seabridge.It32.（connect）HongKongandMacaotothemainlandChinesecityofZhuhai.Thebridgeis55kilometreslongandisexpectedtobeinuseforaboutonehundred33.（year）.ThebuildingofthebridgebeganinDecember2009andittooknineyears34.(complete）.About50,000workers,engineersanddesignersfromtheChinesemainlandandHongKongandMacaoplayed35.partinthebuildingofthebridge.TheY-shapedbridge,36.（start）fromLantauIslandinHongKongandbranching（分岔）outtoZhuhaiandMacao,cutsthetraveltimebetweenHongKongandZhuhaitothirtyminutes.“ItusedtotakemorethanfourhourstogotoZhuhaionwheels,37.nowitisjusthalfanhour'sdriveonthebridge"saidadriverwho38..（travel）betweenHongKongandGuangdongforyears.AsajointprojectbetweenHongKong,MacaoandGuangdong,thebridge39.(consider）tobeanengineeringwonder.Thebridgeserves40.abondbetweenHongKong,MacaoandsomeGuangdongcities.Itisa"symboloftheGreaterBayArea,"saidaHongKongofficial.5阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Whatdoesabeautifulpersonlooklike?Well,itdependsonwhomyouaskand41.theyarefrom.Muchlikethewaypeoplewithstraighthairwant42.(curl)hairorthosewithpaleskinlieinthesuntryingtogetasuntan(晒黑),peopleoftenfindthemselvesmoreattractivewhen43.(visit)anothercountry.RecentlyapostwentpopularontheUSquestionwebsiteQuora.Itasked,“Haveyoueverbeenconsideredmoreattractiveinacountry44.thanyourown?”Manyrepliesmade45.clearjusthowmuchmoreattractivetheywereconsideredinothercountry,andwhy.LolytafromIndonesiawrote,“Inmyhomecountry,Iamnotconsideredbeautiful,46.whenIwenttoEuropeIgotalotofattention.”PoojaGautamfromNepalsharedasimilarexperience.Womenwithlighterskinalwaysgotmoreattentionthanshe47.inhercountry.ButinPoland,shehasgotten48.(usual)highlevelsofattentionfromlocals.“Tanningsalons(晒黑沙龙)areabigthinginPolishcities,”shewrote.“SomePolishpeoplefindithardtobelieve49.ItellthemthatmanyNepalesepeoplecarry50.(umbrella)onhot,sunnydaystostoptheirskinfromturningdarker.”6阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。MyfriendhadachancetomakeatriptoHongKong51.August15,2015.Hehaddreamedabout52.(visit)itsincehisboyhoodanditwasthefirsttimethathe53.(be)there.Thefollowingwas54.hehadseen.55.(arrive)there,hewas56.(shock)byitsbeautifulsceneryandtallbuildings.57.weallknow,HongKonghasthemostskyscrapersintheworld.Whereverhewent,hesawmanysmilingfaces.PeopleinHongKongwerekind,generous,easygoingandreadytohelpothers.Muchtohissurprise,hesawthatpeopletherealwayskeptorderinpublicplaces.58.agreatnumberofpeoplewerewaitingforthenexttrainatthesubwaystation,theyweretalkinginsuchalowvoiceasnottodisturbothers.ChineseandEnglisharetheofficiallanguagesofHongKong.Englishis59.(wide)usedingovernments,markets,servicecentersandotherfields.Stayingthereforaweekwasagoodexperienceforhim,60.hewouldneverforget.7阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。We’veallturnedtosadmusictomakeusfeel61.(good)atsomepointinourlives,butwhydoesdoublingdownonthesadnesshelpdragusoutofthemire(泥沼)？Anewstudyshedslightonwhat’sgoingoninsideourbrains62.wematchourmusictoourfeelings.Itlookslikesadmusiccanbeenjoyable-ratherthan63.(simple)depressing-becauseittriggerspositivememoriesthatcanhelptoliftourmood.PsychologistAdrianNorthfromCurtinUniversityinAustraliasaysthere64.(be)twogroupsofpossible65.(explain)forwhyweenjoylisteningtosadmusiclikethis:onefromsocialpsychology,andonefromcognitiveneuroscience(认知神经学).Intermsofsocialpsychology,onewayof66.(think)aboutthisisthatwefeelmuchbetterabout67.(we)ifwefocusonsomeonewho’sdoingevenworse,ap