2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit4Everydayeconomics教学知识细解码教用文档教案外研版选择性必修第四册

PAGEUnit4Everydayeconomics1．blankadj.无表情的→blanklyadv.茫然地；没有表情地→blanknessn．空白；空虚2．potentialn．潜力；可能性→potentialityn．潜力→potentiallyadv.潜在地3．enterprisen．企业；事业；事业心→enterprisingadj.有创业精神的4．distributev．分发；安排→distributionn．分销→distributorn．经销商→distributiveadj.安排的5．guidev．指导；引导→guidancen．指导；引导6．consultv．询问→consultantn．顾问1．blankadj.空白的；没表情的；茫然的；完全的；彻底的①Sheturnedtoablankpageinhernotebook. 空白的②StevelookedblankandsaidhehadnoideawhatIwastalkingabout.茫然的③Hereceivedablankrefusal. 彻底的2．distributionn．安排，分布；分发，分送；(商品)运销，经销，分销①Themapshowsthedistributionofthisspeciesacrosstheworld.分布②Thedistributionofthingsinvolvesgivingordeliveringthemtoanumberofpeopleorplaces. 分发，分送③Worldwidedistributionsystemsaredevelopingfast.运销，经销WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(学问要点1)seatn．座位，坐处(如椅子等)；有……座位的；有……座的；(椅子等的)座部v.向……供应座位；(使)就座；坐；落座；可坐……人；能容纳……人[教材P38]Shecouldn't，however，hidethelineofsweatrunningdownherforehead，whichwascausedpartlybytheheatofthetelevisionstudio，butmorebyfearofthefourpeopleseatedinfrontofher.然而，她无法掩盖额头上流淌着的那道汗水，一部分是由于电视演播室的高温造成的，但更多的是因为胆怯 坐在她前面的四个人。[例1]Therearenoseatsleftonthatflight.那次航班没座位了。[例2]Heseatedhimselfbehindthedesk.他在书桌后面坐下。[造句]他坐在杰克和汤姆之间。HeisseatedbetweenJackandTom.[学问拓展](1)have/takeaseat 请坐reserveaseat 预订座位beontheedgeofyourseat 心情惊慌地等待；兴奋地等待某事beinthedrivingseat 操纵，掌管，处于限制地位(2)beseated 就座stay/remainseated 接着坐着seatoneselfbeside/in/on 坐在……旁边/里面/上面seatsb.on/near 支配某人坐在某处[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Pleasebeseated(seat)sowecanbeginourmeeting.②Hewavedtowardsachair，andseated(seat)himselfatthedesk.③Thegamehadthecrowdontheedgeoftheirseats(心情惊慌)．eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点2)blankadj.空白的；没表情的；茫然的；完全的；彻底的[教材P38]Theystaredback，theirblankfacesgivingnoclueastowhattheywouldsaynext.他们回头看了看，从他们没有表情的脸上根本看不出接下来他们会说什么。[例1]Shestaredatmewithablankexpressiononherface.她一脸木然地盯着我。[例2]Helookedatheroutofblackblankeyesthatmadenoopportunityforhertospeak.他那双黑眼睛茫然地望着她，不给她开口的机会。[造句]我的脑子一片空白。Mymindwenttotallyblank.[学问拓展]goblank (脑子)一片空白drawablank 无回音；无结果；无收获blankout 突然变空blanksth.out 掩盖；遮盖；刻意遗忘；抹去记忆[即学即练]完成句子/单句语法填空①Sofar，thepoliceinvestigationhasdrawnablank(没有收获)．②Iwastryingtoblankoutprevioussituationsfrommymind.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点3)endup结果为……；以……结束[教材P38]Zhangneverthoughtthatthiswassomethingshewouldendupdoing.张月从没想过她最终会从事这样的工作。[例1]Theresultwasthattheengineendedupatthebottomofthecanal.结果引擎最终沉到了运输河底。[例2]Ifyoudon'tknowwhatyouwant，youmightendupgettingsomethingyoudon'twant.假如你不知道自己想要什么，到头来你可能得非所愿。[造句]假如你接着那样花钱，你很快就会负债累累。Youwillsoonendupindebtifyoukeeponspendingmoneythatway.[学问拓展](1)endupdoingsth. 最终以做某事结束end(up)in 以……告终；结果为……end(up)with 以……结束(指以某种方式结束)endupas 最终成为……(2)cometoanend 结束put/bringanendto 结束……intheend 最终，最终onend 直立；直立着；连续地make(both)endsmeet 使收支相抵；量入为出[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Whilestudying，fixyourmindonwhatisreallyimportant，oryouwillendupremembering(remember)nothing.②Andersenwasbornintoapoorfamily，butendedupasoneofthegreatestwritersofhistime.③ThelectureendedupwithapoemofanancientChinesepoet.④Ifweneglectourfuture，we'llendupinfailure.⑤Thedoctor'smotivewastobringanendtohispatient'ssuffering(结束病人的苦痛)．⑥Heisawonderfulcompanionandwecantalkforhoursonend(我们可以连续聊上好几个小时)．[小片段填空]Asachildhewishedtobecomeasportsman，butheendedupasasinger.Heoftenthrewpartieswhereheusuallybeganwithcakesandendedupwithsweets.Hebecameveryfat.Hetriedmanywaystoloseweight，endingupgaining(gain)weightsoonagain.Itoldhimnottoholdapartyagainandifhedidn'tfollowmyadvice，hewouldendupinfailure.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点4)surroundvt.围绕；环绕[教材P38]Surroundedbyrosesasshewasgrowingup，shepaidthemlittleattention.即便她是在玫瑰丛中长大的，却很少留意到它们。[例1]Whenthecarstoppedinthetownsquareitwassurroundedbysoldiersandmilitiamen.汽车停在城镇广场时就被士兵和民兵包围了。[例2]AsachildIwassurroundedbyloveandkindness.幼年时我备受关爱。[造句]我须要一些人立即包围这所房子。Ineedsomepeopletosurroundthishouserightnow.[学问拓展](1)surroundsb./sth.with... 使某人/某物被……包围surroundoneselfwithsb./sth. 喜爱结交(某类人)；喜爱身边总有(某类东西)(2)surroundingadj. 四周的surroundingsn. 四周的事物；环境(通常用复数形式)[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thetreessurrounding(surround)thelakewereplantedbythesoldierstenyearsago.②Iliketosurround(surround)myselfwithbeautifulthings.③Surrounded(surround)byadozenofchildren，thewomanhappilycelebratedher80thbirthday.[小片段填空]Asafamouspopstar，helovesbeingsurroundedbysomanyfanscomingtovisithimfromthesurroundingtowns.Andhealsolikesbeautifulsurroundingswithgreentreesandflowers，becausehecangetmuchmorepleasurefromnature.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点5)potentialn．可能性；潜在性；潜力；潜质adj.潜在的；可能的[教材P38]ItwasonlyaftergraduatingfromuniversityoverseasandreturningtovisitherparentsthatZhangrealisedthepotential.直到从海外高校毕业回国探望父母后，张月才意识到这一潜力。[例1]TheEuropeanmarketplaceoffersexcellentpotentialforincreasingsales.欧洲市场带来了扩销的大好机遇。[例2]Firstweneedtoidentifyactualandpotentialproblems.首先，我们须要弄清实际的问题和潜在的问题。[造句]他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。Hehasthepotentialtobecomeaworld­classmusician.[学问拓展]thepotentialforsth. ……的可能性have/showpotential 有潜力/表现出潜力achieve/fulfil/realizeyourpotential 发挥潜力[即学即练]完成句子/单句语法填空①Allchildrenshouldbeencouragedtorealize/fulfil/achievetheirfullpotential(发挥潜力)．②Thepotentialforabuseinsuchasystemisenormous.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点6)presentvt.陈述；提出(观点、支配等)；呈现；赠送，颁发，介绍adj.出席的，在场的；现在的，目前的n．礼物；赠品；现在[教材P39]LikeZhang，theypresenttheirideasinthehopeofgettinginvestmentandadvice...像张月一样，他们提出自己的想法，希望得到投资和建议……[例1]Youneedtopresentyourselfbetter.你须要更擅长展示自己。[例2]MayIpresentmyfiancétoyou?请允许我向您介绍我的未婚夫。[造句]你须要更好地展示自己。Youneedtopresentyourselfbetter.[学问拓展](1)presentsb.withsth. 向某人赠送某物presentsth.tosb. 向某人陈述某事；赠送某人某物(2)bepresentat 出席……(3)atpresent＝atthepresenttime 目前，现在forthepresent 目前；就现在而言[即学即练]写出下列句中present的含义①Thecompanypresentedamedaltohimonthedaywhenheretired.赠予②Thepresentsituationistakingaturnforthebetter.当前的③Howmanypeoplewerepresentatthemeetingyesterday？出席的④Thesenoteswillremindyouhowtopresentyourideas.陈述；提出⑤Wheneveryoubuyapresent，youshouldthinkaboutitfromthereceiver'spointofview.礼物[小片段填空]AllstudentswerepresentatthemeetingonTeachers'Day.Somestudentspresentedflowerstotherepresentativesofteachersasfestivalpresents．eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点7)purchasen．购买；选购 ；购买的东西；v.买；购买；选购 [教材P39]AfterIwentonTV，amajorAsianmanufacturerofcosmeticswaswillingtopurchasemyproductandhelpwithitsdistribution.我上了电视后，一家主要的亚洲化妆品制造商情愿购买我的产品并帮助我分销。[例1]Weguaranteetorefundyourmoneyifyouarenotdelightedwithyourpurchase.若您对所购商品不满足，我们保证退款。[例2]Hegavehissonsomemoneyforthepurchaseofhisschoolbooks.他给儿子一些钱购买学校的课本。[造句]我想买这件衬衫。Iwouldliketopurchasethisshirt，please.[学问拓展]makeapurchase 购买onspecialpurchase 特价出售purchaseprice 购买价格purchasingpower 购买力[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Thesebootsareonspecialpurchase.②Thepurchasingpowerofthedollar(美元的购买力)hasdeclined.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点8)consultantn．顾问[教材P39]...sheadvisesthatpeopleberealisticandseekguidancefromexpertconsultantsbeforerushingintothings.……她建议人们要现实一点，向内行的顾问寻求指导，以免仓促行事。[例1]Thatcompanywantedtohirehimastheirconsultant，buthedeclinedfirmly.那家公司想雇他做顾问，但他坚决拒绝了。[例2]Ourcompanydidn'thaveaspecialist，sowehiredaconsultant.我们的公司没有专家，所以我们聘请了一位顾问。[造句]顾问将说明我们该如何经营我们的业务。Theconsultantwillexplainhowweshouldrunourbusiness.[学问拓展](1)consultv． 请教/询问(2)consultsb.aboutsth. 向某人请教/询问某事consultwithsb.aboutsth. 与某人商议/磋商某事consultadoctor 向医生求诊consultadictionary 查字典[即学即练]单句语法填空①Whydidn'tyouconsultwithmeaboutsuchanimportantmatter?②BythetimeIarrivedattheward，myconsultant(consult)wasalreadythere.[小片段填空]Iama34­year­oldman，married，liveinanicehouse，andhaveasuccessfulcareerasaneducationalconsultant．Oneday，aboywenttomyofficetoconsultmeaboutthemethodoflearningEnglish.Havingconsultedme，heknewhowtoimprovehisEnglishandwenthomehappily.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点9)accessn．接近；通路；接近或进入的权利/机会/通路v．进入；存取(尤指电脑数据)；访问[教材P39]Whatreallymattersisasoundbusinessplan，accesstocapital，andgoodmanagementandnegotiatingskills.真正重要的是一个完备的商业支配、获得资金的渠道、以及良好的管理和谈判技巧。[例1]Studentsmusthaveaccesstogoodresources.学生必需有机会运用好的资源。[例2]Youneedapasswordtogetaccesstothecomputersystem.运用这个计算机系统须要密码。[造句]药品不应当放在孩子们可以拿到的地方。Medicineshouldnotbekeptwhereitisaccessibletochildren.[学问拓展](1)accessto... 接近……的机会；进入……的权利have/get/gain/obtainaccessto... 可以接近/会见/进入……(2)accessibleadj. 可进入的；可运用的beaccessibleto 可进入……；可运用……；易接近……[即学即练]写出下列句中access的含义/单句语法填空①Tosumup，lowprice，easyaccesstoinformationandwideusemakestudentsusecomputersalot.接近……的机会②Theonlyaccesstothefarmhouseisacrossthefields.通路③Heaccessedthreedifferentfilestofindthecorrectinformation.访问④Kidsshouldn'thaveaccesstoviolentfilmsbecausetheymightimitatethethingstheysee.⑤Allthesitesarefreetothepublicandaccessible(access)toanyonewithanInternetconnection.[小片段填空]Fallenrockscutofftheonlyaccesstothevillage，soitisnotaccessibletooutsidenow.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)独立主格结构[教材P38]Theystaredback，theirblankfacesgivingnoclueastowhattheywouldsaynext.他们回头看了看，从他们没有表情的脸上根本看不出接下来他们会说什么。句式分析：句子中theirblankfacesgivingnoclueastowhattheywouldsaynext为“逻辑主语＋现在分词”的独立主格结构。独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一样，它独立存在。[例1]Maryhaswrittentwonovels，bothofthemhavingbeenmadeintotelevisionseries.玛丽已经写了两部小说，都被拍成了电视剧。[例2]Alltheticketssoldwhentheyarrived，theywentaway，disappointed.当他们到达的时候，票都卖光了，他们悲观地走开了。[造句]我手里拿着剑跟着他来到这里。Ifollowedhimhere，swordinhand.[学问拓展]该结构一般作状语，表示时间、条件、缘由、伴随状况等，常见的独立主格结构形式是：(1)名词/代词＋名词(2)名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语(3)名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式[翻译1]人体有很多器官组成，每一个器官都有确定的工作要做。Thehumanbodyiscomposedoforgans，eachhavingadefinitejobtodo．[翻译2]有很多工作要做，我必需待在家里一成天。Lotsofworktodo，Ihavetostayathomeallday.[即学即练]句型转换/单句语法填空①Thetreesthereareextremelytall，andsomemeasuresover90metres.→Thetreesthereareextremelytall，somemeasuringover90metres.②Thensheleaptbackwards，backarched(arch)andfuronend，tailheldoutstiffly.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)强调句型[教材P39]Itwasonlythenthatthelocalsbegantobelieveme.就是在那时，本地人才起先信任我。句式分析：该句子是对时间状语then的强调。[例1]Iwonderwhatitwasthatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday.我想知道你昨天这个时候在干什么。[例2]ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到了我的新邻居。[造句]只有压力太大才会损害你。Itisonlytoomuchstressthatdoesyouharm.[学问拓展]1．强调句型的结构(1)强调句型的基本结构：Itis/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他状况下一律用that。Itisonlybylisteningtoandunderstandingeachotherthatproblemsbetweenparentsandchildrencanbesettled.只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。强调主语时，要留意连接词和谓语的一样性。Itisourteacherwho/thathelpsusmakegreatprogress.正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？Wasitintheparkthathemetournewteacher?他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？(3)强调句型的特别疑问句结构：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？Whenwasitthathemadeuphismindtotakethiscourse?他是什么时候确定选修这门课程的？由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必需运用陈述语序。Shedoesn'tknowwhoitwasthatsavedherson.她不知道是谁救了她的儿子。(4)not...until的强调句型结构：Itis/wasnotuntil...＋that＋句子其他部分。Itwasnotuntilhegothome30minuteslaterthathefoundhehadlefthisbaginthetaxi.直到他到家三非常钟后他才发觉他把包落在了出租车上。2．强调谓语动词用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的确定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。Shedidtellmeheraddress，butIforgotallaboutit.她的确告知过我她的地址，但我全忘了。[翻译1]直到斗争结束他才回家。Itisnotuntilthewarwasoverthathereturnedhome.[翻译2]是你做的而不是你说的才重要。Itiswhatyoudidnotwhatyousaidthatcounts.[即学即练]单句语法填空/句型转换①Itisnotonlytheattitudestowardssciencethatarechanging.②Itisatthehotelthatthecoachpicksuptourists.③WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschoolthatMr.Smithgotangry?④Ididnotrealisethatshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.→ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealisedthatshewasafamousfilmstar.(用强调句型改写)→NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealisethatshewasafamousfilmstar.(用倒装句改写)ItwasonlyaftergraduatingfromuniversityoverseasandreturningtovisitherparentsthatZhangrealisedthepotential.分析：本句是强调句型，被强调部分是onlyaftergraduatingfromuniversityoverseasandreturningtovisitherparents，正常语序是Zhangrealisedthepotentialonlyaftergraduatingfromuniversityoverseasandreturningtovisitherparents.强调句型的基本结构是：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。译文：直到从海外高校毕业回国探望父母后，张月才意识到这一潜力。教材高考1.ItwasonlyaftergraduatingfromuniversityoverseasandreturningtovisitherparentsthatZhangrealisedthepotential.(2024·江苏卷)Hesensedagreatpotentialinherdespiteherweaknesses.2.AfterIwentonTV，amajorAsianmanufacturerofcosmeticswaswillingtopurchasemyproductandhelpwithitsdistribution.(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)…thereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Ifoundhercryingverymuch，tearsrunning(run)downhercheeks.2．LittleFranzwassurprisedtoseesomeofthevillagepeopleseated(seat)onthebenchesattheendoftheroom.3．Thepolicegainedaccessthroughabrokenwindow.4．Iendedupdoing(do)alltheworkmyself.5．Herealisedthepotentialforerrorinthemethodbeingused.6．Whowasitthatwont