Unit 3 Sea Exploration Discover Useful Structures 不定式课件-高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

非谓语动词过去分词(done)

动词不定式todo现在分词/动名词(doing)

todofunctionsforms1主语(subject)2宾语(object)3宾补(objectcomplement)4表语(predicative)5定语(attribute)6状语(adverbial)1一般式2进行式3完成式4.一些特殊情况形式

主动

被动一般式进行式

完成式todotobedonetobedoing

／tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的构成与形式不定式的否定：在不定式前加not、never📕二、不定式句法功能1)三种情况：直接作主语

Toseeistobelieve.It作形式主语Ittookhimalongtimetoacquiretheskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.疑问词+todo短语作主语(谓语用单数)Whentostarttheprograms________(remain)unknown.remains1.不定式作主语(subject)

2）it代替不定式作主语，即形式主语It作形式主语常用的结构：1.Itis/was+adj.+forsbtodosth.2.Itis/was+adj.+ofsbtodosth.3.Itis/was+(a/an)+n.+todosth.4.Ittakes/costssbsometime/moneytodosth.It+be+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.

（导学案P128）★for:adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征,特点（important/necessary/interesting等.）★of:adj.多为

描述主语的品质（kind/nice/friendly/wise/foolish等.）

Practice:1.Itisimportant______ustolivealow-carbonlife.2.Itwasgenerous______himtocontributesomuch.forof练习1.___________(save)timeistolengthenlife.2.Itcosthimtoomuchmoney___________(watch)themovie.3.Itisagreathonorforme______________(invite)andmakeaspeech.4.How___________(stop)pollutingthisimportantriverareabigproblem.5.Itisconsiderateofyou____________(keep)thepoorchildcpmpanybeforehisparentsarefound.Tosavetowatchtobeinvitedtostoptokeep谓语用单数写作练习1.作为一个老师，我的职责是为我的学生树立一个榜样。_____________________________________________________2.成为东道主对我们来说是一项巨大的荣誉。_____________________________________________________3.每个人都学习和掌握一些实用技能是很重要的。_____________________________________________________4.昨晚锻炼花了我一个多小时。_____________________________________________________Asateacher,it’smydutytosetanexampleformystudents.It’sourgreathonortobethehostoftheOlympicGames.It’sverycrucialforeveryonetolearnandmastersomepracticalskills.Ittookmemorethananhourtotakesomeexerciseyesterdayevening.1）动词+todo

decide/determine,learn,

manage,try,refuse,promise,pretend,agreewant,help,choose,plan,hope/wish/expect,offer,wait,happen,fail,affordHaveyoudecidedwhich____________(choose)next?Ididn’tknowwhere_________(go).tochoosetogo

2.不定式作宾语

(object)2）疑问词+todo构成宾语.3）有些动词后既可以跟todo,又可以跟doing作宾语，但意思不同。

remembertodo

记得去做rememberdoing记得做过stoptodo停下来去做另外一件事stopdoing停止做手上的事情trytodo努力trydoing试着meantodo打算做meandoing意味着4)动词+it+宾补+todo（形式宾语）Ithinkithard_____________(answer)thequestion.Ifinditaburden_____________(eat)thewholefood.Ithinkitnouse__________(cry)forhismistakes.toanswertoeatcrying此时，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的todo不定式常用动词：make,find,feel,think,believe,consider⚠当it后面是nouse或nogood时，todo应改为doing5)介词+todo（todo作介词的宾语）①不定式在介词but,except,besides,otherthan后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do(非助动词)的各种形式时,那么这些介词后面的不定式不带to,否则带to。e.g.1.Shecoulddonothingbut________(cry).2.Whichdoyouliketochoosebesides

_________(swim)?3.Hehadnochoicebut__________(flee).4.Therewasnothingformetodootherthan_______(wait)untilthemeetingwasover.crytoswimtofleewait5)介词+todo（todo作介词的宾语）②当句子的谓语动词是can’thelp,can’tchoose等结构时,but,except,besides后的不定式to也省略。1.Wecan’tchoosebutwait.2.

SheissuchalovelygirlthatIcan’thelpbutloveher.介词to后要用动名词,常见的的短语如下：lookforwardtoobjecttobedevoted/committedtobeusedtobeopposedtoadapt/adjusttolead/contributetowhenitcomesto期望...反对...致力于...习惯于...反对...适应...导致...当提到...1)动词+宾语（sb./sth.)+todosth.Mymumasksmetoplaythepianotwohoursonadailybasis.常用的这类动词有：allow;advise;order;teach;expect,require;cause;force;permit;encourage;urge；enable；warn;forbid;get;invite;persuade3.不定式作宾补

(objectcompletement)2）动词+宾语+不带to的不定式感官动词使役动词一感：feel二听：hear,listento五看：see,notice,watch,lookat,observelet,make,have◆但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：

Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseen_______suddenlyfromthetree.+sbdosth（不带to）tofallTheeventalsoencouragedher____________(found)thecommunity.Theyoffered_________(do)somevoluntaryworkduringtheschoolholidays.Theactivitynotonlyenabledus________(learn)Chineseculturebetterbutalsopromotedourfriendship.Mrs.Greenobjectedto_____________(advertise)theproduct.Whenitcomesto__________(play)badminton,herfaceisglowingwithexcitement.Hemadeitarule_________(read)Englisheveryday.Idon’tknowwhether_________(eat)firstortotakeashowerfirst.Ifinditnouse____________(organize)thediscussion.tofoundtodotolearnadvertisingplayingtoreadtoeatorganizing不定式作表语多表示主语的具体内容。MydreamistoenterBeijingUniversity.主语常是aim,ambition,duty,hope,idea,intention,plan,proposal,suggestion等Myideais___________(climb)themountainfromthenorth.Mysuggestionis_____________(start)workatonce.toclimbtostart4.不定式作表语

(predicative)1.Nowyourfirstimportanttaskis________(take)goodcareofthewoundedsoldiers.

2.WhenIsawhimatthatmoment,heseemed_______________(read)anovel.

3.Somethingproved_______________(go)wrongwiththatengine.

4.Thepurposeofdevelopingnewtechnologiesis___________(make)lifeeasier.

totaketobereadingtohavegonetomake5.Thedutyofsoldiersis_____________(defend)theirmotherland.

6.Whethertoparticipateinthatcompetitionremains___________________(discuss)anddecided.

7.Allthemembersinthatfamilyseem_______________(be)illalready.

todefendtobediscussedtohavebeen1.Hisdreamis_________________________________________.

他的梦想是有一天能成为一名伟大的足球运动员。2.LiHuaseemed_________________________beforehecamehere.

李华似乎在来这儿之前就已经感冒了。to

become

a

great

football

player

one

dayto

have

caught

a

cold3.Thegoalofthisactivityis________________________________.

这个活动的目的是满足普通人的需求。4.Herworkis_______________________________intheresthomeeveryday.

她的工作是每天为养老院的老人清扫房间。to

meet

the

needs

of

common

peopleto

clean

the

rooms

for

the

old1)不定式作定语时常放在被修饰词的后面，常表示将来的动作；Somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumanrealizetheirdreamtoexplorespace.2)用来修饰被theonly、thenext、thelast、序数词、最高级等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelast_________(leave)theschool.3)某些名词后只能跟不定式作定语ability,attempt,desire,effort,failure,promise,tendency,way,decision等。toleave5.不定式作定语

(attribute)1.Asisknowntous,YangLiweiisthefirstChineseastronaut_______

(send)intospace破解：序数词修饰的名词后用不定式作后置定语，且send与逻辑主语astronaut是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式，故填tobesent2.Whatisthebestwayforyou________(solve)thisproblem?破解：thewayforsb.todosth.“某人做某事的方法”，不定式复合结构作后置定语。故填tosolve3.Theairport_______(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.破解:根据时间状语nextyear可知，该动作将要发生，且complete与theairport之间为被动关系。故填tobecompleted做目的状语，常用的结构：todo;inordertodo;soastodo以便于①Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.②Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.(2)做结果状语：enoughtodoHedidn’trunfastenoughtocatchthetraintoo......todo太......而不能Theteaistoohottodrink.onlytodo结果却...Wehurriedtothetrainstationonly___________thetrainhadleft.（tell）tobetold6.不定式作状语

(adverbial)高考链接：不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别1.

Theoldmanr