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TheDualRoleofNrf2in
CancerTheNrf2field–exponentialgrowthin
publicationsDiscoveryoftheAntioxidantResponsiveElement
(ARE)Surh,NatRevCancer3:768,
2003PhaseI/IIdetoxificationenzymes
GlutathioneS-transferase(GST)Glutamate-cysteineligase(GCLM,GCLC)UDP-glucuronosyltransferase(UGT)NAD(P)Hquinoneoxidoreductase
(NQO1)WassermanandFahl.PNatlAcadSci
USA.1997Vol.94,
5361Nrf2activatesARE-dependentgenesmRNAPhase
II
genes (GST,NQO1,
GCS)AREMaf Nrf2InNrf2-/-
miceDecreasedbasalexpressionofthe
phase-IIdetoxificationenzymesIncreasedsensitivitytochemical
carcinogensImpairedinductionoftheseenzymesbychemopreventivecompoundsLossofanti-cancerefficacyofchemopreventivecompoundsRamos-Gomezetal.,ProcNatlAcadSciUSA98:3410,
2000Itohetal.,GeneDev13(1):76,1999;McMahonetal.,JBiolChem281:24756,2006Tongetal.,MolCellBiol26:2887,2006;Tongetal.,MolCellBiol27:7511,
2007Keap1-Nrf2interactionThehingeandlatch
modelNrf2regulationbyKeap1(Canonical;Keap1-C151
dependent)ZhangandHannink,MolCellBiol23:8137,2003Zhangetal.,MolCellBiol24:10941,
2004JaramilloandZhang,GenesDev27(20):2179,
2013Cys-Cys-Cys-Cys-Nrf2UE2Cul3Rbx1DLGETGECys-Cys-Cys-Cys-Cys-Cys-E2Cul3Rbx1Nrf2UUU
UU
UDLGETGECys-Cys-Cys-Cys-Cys-Cys-BasalBasalCul3E2Rbx1Cys-Cys- UNrf2DLGETGEInducedNrf2Nrf2Nrf2MafNrf2ARE5’-RTGABNNNGCR-3’5’-TMANNRTGABNNNGCR-3’NQO1GCLMHMOX-1AKR1C1ThedualroleofNrf2in
CancerTheprotectiveroleofNrf2against
diseasesThe“darkside”ofNrf2ConstitutiveactivationofNrf2in
tumorsPoorprognosisandenhanced
resistanceAcceleratestumor
metastasisNrf2inhibitors:overcomeresistanceOHCH3BHTN C SSO3H
CSulforaphaneN C SPhenylIsothiocyanateN C SPhenethylIsothiocyanateN C SBenzylIsothiocyanateSH2CN CAllyl
Isothiocyanate1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane1-cyano-3,4-epithiobutane1-cyano-4,5-epithiopentane
NS
NS
NS
HOOHOHOOHOH3COHOOOHOCH3OOOOOOCH3H3CCH3CH3H3C CH3OHOHOHOCCurcuminCoumarinOH OQuercetinCarnosolDimethyl
fumarateOOCaffeicacidphenethyl
esterOHOH3OHOHNCH3CH3CH33H
COCHBHAEthoxyquinNrf2activators:targeting
Keap1Hayes,et.al.AntioxidRedoxsignaling,
2010Oxidative
StressOH·HOClNOH2O2
ROOHONOO–1O2O2·-CancerDiabeticcomplicationsCardiovasculardiseasesLungdiseasesInflammatorydiseasesKidneydiseasesSkinDisorderLiverdiseasesNeurodegenerativediseasesEyediseasesAgingTheprotectiveroleof
Nrf2Thedarksideof
Nrf2ConstitutiveactivationofNrf2intumorsPoorprognosisandenhancedresistanceAcceleratestumor
metastasisNrf2inhibitors:overcomeresistanceIn
Keap1Typeof
Cancer12cellline/54
NSCLCFrequencyKelch
/LinkerCelllines+
NSCLC50%/
19%LOH
(19p13.2)Celllines+
NSCLC61%/
41%Singhetal.,PLoSMed3:e420,
2006ConstitutiveactivationofNrf2in
tumorsDysregulationoftheNrf2-Keap1-Cul3
complexTongetal.,MolCellBiol26:2887,2006McMahonetal.,JBiolChem281:24756,
2006Lawrenceetal.,Nature505,
2014ConstitutiveactivationofNrf2in
tumorsDysregulationoftheNrf2-Keap1-Cul3
complexLawrenceetal.,Nature505,
2014DualroleofNrf2in
CancerTypeCases(117)%Nrf2+CasesCH200EEC5128ESC4689Jiangetal.,CancerRes70:5486,
2010CH:Complex
HyperplasiaEEC:EndometrialEndometrioidESC:Endometrial
SerousNrf2expressioninendometrialcancerDPP-4i,saxagliptin,sitagliptin,α-lipoicacid
(ALA)NRF2activationbyantidiabeticagentsacceleratestumor
metastasisWangetal.,scitranslmed,
2016CtlSax SitHCTHuHBruceaJavanica(L)
Merr.BrusatolRenetal.,ProcNatlAcadSciUSA108:1433,
2011BrusatolinhibitstheNrf2
pathwayBrusatolenhancestheefficacyof
cisplatinTaoetal.,CancerResearch74
(24):7431,2014CCSP-Cre;LSL-KrasG12DA549
xenograftRenetal.,ProcNatlAcadSci
USA108:1433,2011Tomasetti/Vogelstein’s“badluck”
theoryEnvironmental
factorsInherited
predispositionsRandommutationsduringDNAreplicationinnormalstem
cellsTomasettiandVogelstein,Science347:78,
2015TheroleofNrf2in
CancerGenetic
predisposition(CCSP-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D)Chemical
carcinogen(vinyl
carbamate)Unpublished
dataTheroleofNrf2in
CancerGenetic
predisposition(CCSP-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D)Chemical
carcinogen(vinyl
carbamate)Unpublished
dataTheroleofNrf2in
CancerGenetic
predisposition(CCSP-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D)Chemic
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