专题10.第十章动词语态（初高区别及衔接）（学生版）-2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（人教版2019）

第十章动词语态初中知识回顾回顾一：各类时态的被动语态8种常见时态的被动语态表达形式：①一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词；②一般过去时：was/were+过去分词；③现在进行时：am/is/arebeing+过去分词；④过去进行时：was/werebeing+过去分词；⑤一般将来时：willbe+过去分词；⑥过去将来时：wouldbe+过去分词；⑦现在完成时：has/havebeen+过去分词；⑧过去完成时：hadbeen+过去分词。1.WiththedevelopmentofChina,Chinesebyalargenumberofpeopleintheworld.A.speaks B.isspoken C.speak D.isspeaking回顾二：情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态形式为：情态动词+be/havebeen+及物动词的过去分词。2.Pleaseebackearlier,honey!I'mnotachild!Ishouldwhattodo!A.betold B.notbetold C.tell D.tells3.(2021北京,11)Today,manywinterOlympicsportsevenbychildren.

A.enjoyed B.enjoy C.wereenjoyed D.areenjoyed4.(2021湖北武汉,31)—DidyounoticethestudentsafewwhyquestionsinMr.Zhang’sclass?

—Yes,Ithinkhewantedtotraintheirabilitiesofdeepthinking.A.areasked B.mustbeasked C.havebeenaskedD.wereasked5.(2021河北,39)Thesegiftsbychildrenintheirlastsummerholidays.

A.made B.weremade C.make D.aremade6.(2021云南昆明,32)Alotofteenagersthinkastheyareolderandwiser,theytomaketheirowndecisions.

A.shouldallow B.shouldn’tallow C.shouldbeallowed D.shouldn’tbeallowed7.(2021辽宁本溪,9)Thevideosaboutcookingtellushowfood.

A.makes B.made C.ismade D.wasmade8.(2021内蒙古包头,34)TeafromChinabegantobesentabroadmorethanathousandyearsagoandsincethenittotheworld.

A.wasknown B.isknown C.hasbeenknown D.knows高中知识衔接高中阶段，我们将学习到更复杂的语法结构，因此主动语态和被动语态也会相对复杂一些。被动语态在高中阶段，因为往往出现在较复杂的句子结构和词汇中，因而需要在学习的时候认真记忆词汇并分析句子结构。知识一：被动语态的特殊表达法1.表示被动含义的主动动词系动词没有被动形式，但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来)，sound(听起来)，prove(证明是)，feel(摸上去感到)等。如：Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.良药苦口。2.表示被动含义的主动结构(1)动名词beworth(值得)，want(=need)(需要)，require(需要)后所用的动名词，必须用主动结构表示被动意义。如：Yourhairwants/needscutting(needstobecut).你的头发该剪了。(2)不定式作定语：不定式结构常表示动宾关系，即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这种情形最常出现在“There+be+主语+修饰主语的不定式”和“及物动词+宾语（或双宾语）+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中，特别是“主语+have+宾语+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中。如：Thereissomuchworktodo.有这么多事情要做。(3)主语+be+形容词+不定式常用于这个结构的形容词有amusing(有趣的)，cheap(便宜的)，dangerous(危险的)，hard(困难的)等。如：Thefilmisinterestingtosee.这部电影看起来很有趣。3.特殊结构“be+under+名词”结构：这种结构表示某事“在进行中”。如：Thebuildingisunderconstruction.这座楼正在建设中。经典例题—HaveyoureadthebookJaneEyre?Yes.It'safamousbookandreallyworthA.toread B.reading C.toberead D.read【引申】Youshouldgetupearlytomorrowmorningandgettherebeforethedooropens.Afterall,thenovelwell.A.issold B.isselling C.sells D.sold【归纳】sell(销售)，wash(洗)，clean(打扫)，bun(燃烧)，cook(煮)等词有用主动表被动的用法，需要特别记忆。知识二：被动形式表主动某些“动词+反身代词”结构中的动词，在变成被动语态时，表主动。此类动词有devote,lose,dress,seat等。如：Thegirldressedherselfablueskirt.→Thegirlwasdressedinablueskirt..那个女孩穿着蓝色的裙子。经典例题Shortlyafterweawaitercameovertoourtablewithasmile.A.seated B.wereseated C.satourselves D.tookplaces知识三：区别被动语态和系表结构被动语态和系表结构在构成上是相同的，都是由be+过去分词而构成，所以在应用时应注意它们的区别。被动语态：表示以主语为承受者的动作。系表结构：表示主语的特点或所处的状态。有些动词的过去分词跟在系动词后，已经具有形容词特征，这样的结构往往是系表结构。如：beexcited兴奋的；bepleted完成的；befinished完成的；bedelighted高兴的；besurprised惊讶的；befrightened害怕的；betired累的；bemarried已婚的；beworried担心的。我们可以通过状语来判断句子是被动语态，还是系表结构。(1)有时间状语和方式状语的，一般为被动语态。如：Thelibraryisclosedatsix.图书馆六点钟关门。(2)在句中有by+人和by+抽象名词时，句子多用被动语态，而by+物时，多用于系表结构。Thebuildingsweresurroundedbypeople.大楼被人们包围了。（被动语态）Thehouseissurroundedbytrees.房子周围都是树。（系表结构）思考总结被动语态常见的考点为：1.不规则动词的过去分词的拼写；2.主动形式表示被动含义的表达方式；3.各种时态的被动语态；4.被动语态和主系表结构的区别。我们要学会灵活使用被动语态，在书面表达中，这会使得文章显得地道、精炼。随堂练习一.单句填空1.Sincetheverybeginning,thetechnologicalbaseneededfor5G(consider).

2.Thesedamsaresometimessixorsevenhundredfeetinlength,andthey(construct)sodelicatelythattheylookmoreliketheworkofmanthanoflittledumbbeasts.

3.Later,Nelson(award)thePresidentialMedalofFreedominrecognitionofhiswork.

4.Overtheyearsthetopicswhichwerecontroversialatthetime(discuss)anddebated.

二.单句改错5.Everyoneofyouareencouragedtovisitit.

6.Thevoluntaryactivitywasofferedusanopportunitytocontributetooursociety.

7.Whenwearrived,wewerewarmlywelebythem.

8.Sincelastwinter,thesmoghasbeenoccurredalotoftimes.

三1.(2019江苏,33)Theyaretryingtomakesurethat5Gterminals(install)by2022fortheBeijingWinterOlympics.

2.(2019天津,8)Amy,aswellasherbrothers,(give)awarmwelewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.

3.(2018天津,13)Mywashingmachine(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.

4.(2018江苏,30)Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan(carry)outinthepasttwoyears.

5.(2017北京,29)Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones(invent)yet.

6.(2017天津,6)Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,(regard)asoneofthebestallroundformsofexercise.

7.(2017江苏,27)Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe(follow).

8.(2016北京,30)Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts(reward)withsuccessintheend.

9.(2015天津,9)Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement(reach)sofarbythetwosides.

10.(2015北京,22)—Didyouenjoytheparty?—Yes.We(treat)wellbyourhosts.

11.(2015安徽,29)Itisreportedthataspacestation(build)onthemooninyearstoe.

12.(2015福建,26)Tomydelight,Iwas(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.

四1.(2020届河北邢台摸底一,67)AftertheUnitedStateswontheMexicanAmericanWarin1848,NewMexicobecameanAmericanterritory.In1912,it(declare)the47thstate.

2.(2020届河南天一大联考阶段检测Ⅰ,62)Inthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicturebasedlanguage.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseofanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbols(carve)byancientChinesepeople.

3.(2020届河南九师联盟9月质检,62)ItwillbethefirstUSrollercoasterknownforafreefallverticaldrop,whichtotals17feet.Visitors(cast)65feetintheairatamorethan70degreeangleandthenimmediatelydropbackwardinonemovement.

4.(2020届山西太原五中9月月考,49)In1976,he(rank)astheworld’ssecondrecognizablecelebrity.

5.(2020届黑龙江大庆铁人中学开学考试,69)Scientistssaymonarchswillbeindangerofdyingoutinthenext20yearsifnothing(do)tosavethem.

6.(2019海南儋州一次统测,66)AccordingtoTheOxfordGuidetoContemporaryWorldLiterature,JinYong’snovels(consider)tobeofveryhighquality.

7.(2019安徽A10联盟阶段考试,61)TheWorldWideWebisposedofdifferentwebsites,which(create)bypeopleandorganizationsaroundtheworld.

8.(2018吉林百校联盟上学期联考,65)Onceyourbrain(disturb)bysomeotheractivities,youmayactuallygetsleepyagain.

9.(2018湖南师大附中月考一,68)Advicewhich(give)withoutbeingaskedforiscalled‘unsolicitedadvice’inEnglish,namely‘notrequestedadvice’.

五Thesedays,1womenandmen2(surround)bymagazinesandwebsitesfulloftipsondieting,exerciseandfashion.Gone3(be)thedayswhenallmenhadtothinkaboutwearinganicesuittobesmartandhandsome.Things4(change).

Now,asurveyhassuggestedthat80%ofmenadmitbeingunhappyabouttheirbodies.Thebiggestbodyissuesforthemarebeerbelliesandlackofmuscles.Somethin