考点 30 阅读七选五-段中设空题（核心考点精讲精练）高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考）原卷版

考点30阅读七选五-段中设空题（核心考点精讲精练）1.高考真题考点分布年份卷别体裁词数主题语境话题设题位置选项特征段首段中段尾2024年新高考全国I卷夹叙夹议文313人与自我使用英语词典的经验、心得与乐趣140完整句新高考全国=1\*ROMANII卷说明文297人与自然如何避免“过度旅游”131完整句全国甲卷说明文313人与自我适度饮食131完整句北京卷说明文363人与社会“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式140完整句浙江1月卷说明文330人与社会在线学习利弊140完整句2023年新高考全国I卷说明文321人与自我自我原谅041完整句新高考全国=1\*ROMANII卷说明文310人与社会开始艺术之旅的建议131完整句全国乙卷说明文335人与自然室内植物的好处032残缺句＋完整句全国甲卷说明文287人与自我成为更有耐心的人的技巧131残缺句＋完整句北京卷说明文255人与社会如何选择高校的建议131完整句浙江1月卷说明文361人与社会能使火车旅行更舒适的建议140完整句2022年全国甲卷说明文315人与社会一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情131残缺句＋完整句全国乙卷说明文316人与社会五种维系异地友谊的方法311残缺句＋完整句新高考全国I卷说明文332人与社会如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴041完整句新高考全国=1\*ROMANII卷说明文312人与社会介绍写文章的技巧140完整句浙江卷1月说明文309人与社会既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议221完整句浙江卷6月说明文338人与社会写作都是带有某种目的的131完整句2.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】从近三年高考试题对段中句共考查54次。此种题主要考查前后句子的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，和句子之间的衔接手法。当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的街接关系。1）选材特点：一般为300词左右的短文，以记叙文和说明文常见。2）设空特点：一般有五种：标题类、主题句类、承上启下类、归纳总结类、语篇拓展类。【备考策略】1.

宏观把握文章的篇章结构，理清行文的逻辑线索和文章脉络。当设空处位于首段末尾或段首时，考虑它是否为总起句或段落主题句，以此作为破题点，便可以快速选出正确答案。2.

做题时可以圈定一些题干中和选项中的关键线索（比如代词、设空处后的逗号等），这些线索可以帮助我们排除选项。比如，代词的作用就是指代前面提及的名词或句子，根据指代关系和代词的单复数差异可以快速解题。3.【命题预测】从近三年命题的发展趋势来看，预测2025年高考阅读理解七选五试题仍然以结构鲜明的指导类说明文为主，段中句也是考查重点，至少设空2-3题。【必备基础知识】七选五阅读文章体裁以说明文、记叙文为主。语篇模式也较为固定：依次是提出问题、分析问题、最后是提供解决方案；题目的位置也很固定：有首句、句中、末句与独立成段四种情形；题型的正确选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。[阅读七选五解题四步骤]第一步：通读全文，掌握大意阅读七选五多为说明文，寻找主题句是掌握全文主旨大意最有效的方法。说明文的主题句一般是首段的第一句或第二句，有些会出现在文章的末尾，阅读时要特别关注这些句子。第二步：阅读选项，标记线索通读完文章，依次快速浏览各个选项，弄清句子的类别和意义，并找出每个选项中的线索词或关键词，据此初步确定哪个选项应放在文章的哪个位置上。第三步：详读段落，定位选项了解文章大意和选项内容之后，再细读文章，分析上下文语段之间的逻辑关系和语义关系，根据所标记的线索词和关键词，进一步确定选项。第四步：研读选项，排除干扰尽管答案已选出，但为了避免失误，还要对多余的两个选项进行进一步的研读，确认它们和文章的意义没有关联，最终将其排除。段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。此种题要注意分析前后的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，注意句子之间的衔接手法。当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的街接关系。常见的逻辑关系包括7类:总分关系、并列关系、递进关系、转折关系,因果关系、解释关系和例证关系。01段中句考查句子之间逻辑关系一．段中句题型综述逻辑连接是组织文章最主要的方式，语义逻辑构成了语篇的框架。对常用的逻辑关系了然于心，并在阅读时能有效地找出其连接的对应点，是学生解答“七选五”的关键。“七选五”中常见的逻辑连接可以归类为七种：总分关系：指选项是中心句；并列关系：指选项与前句或后句在结构或内容上一致；递进关系：指后句对前句进行补充说明或语义上的延伸；转折关系；指选项与前句或后句语义相反或相对，后句往往是对前句的修正，表达作者的真正意图；因果关系：指选项与前后句构成因果关系；概括阐释：指前句对后句或后句对前句进行归纳概括，若前句归纳，后句即是对前句的具体阐释，使得概念更加清晰易懂；若后句概括，即后句是对前句所阐释的内容进行意义整合；例证关系：指后句是前句的具体实例。二、段中设空考题的解题思路通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。考查要点有:

总分关系、解释关系、例证关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系和并列关系。有时会出现下列衔接词汇或短语结构:first,second,then,next,later,soon,so,but,however,additionally,what’smore,thatis,namely,inotherwords,foronething...foranother等,

这些词汇和短语结构在文章中起到提示逻辑关系的作用,

是解题时需要重点关注的部分。1、根据总分关系确定答案主要从以下二个方面解题：一是掌握特点:“总”是指总体概括，“分”指的是内容的具体展开；二是技巧运用:是先“总”后“分”，是先“分”后“总”,还是先“总”后“分”再“总”。例如：Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.37Wesleptinatent,

cookedoveranopenfire,

andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.

C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecameinterestedincamping.2、根据解释关系确定答案主要从以下二个方面解题：一是掌握特点:提出观点，然后对该观点解释说明；二是技巧运用:设空处是提出的观点还是对观点的解释说明。例如：InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency(效率).Youcantellthisbycaféslife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded.

40Whendothesepeoplework?TheFrenchtaketheir35-hourworkweekseriously

—

soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.3、根据例证关系确定答案主要从以下二个方面解题：一是掌握特点:思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系；二是技巧运用:是先给例子，再归纳观点;还是先给出观点,再举例说明。例如：Theplacewasn’tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing(水管)worked.37Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,“Ouverturedesportes,”inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andit’sashameIdon’thavemuchuseforit.A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.4、根据转折关系确定答案表示转折关系的连接词有:but但是,however/whereas然而,

nevertheless仍然,

然而,

不过,

nonetheless尽管如此,

依然,

然而,

still还;

然而,

though可是,

不过,

然而,

yet然而,

inspiteof不顾,

不管,

atanyrate无论如何,

至少,

inanycase无论如何,

不管怎样,

whoever无论是谁,

whatever无论什么,onthecontrary正相反,

incontrast与此相反,

相比之下,

bycontrast相反,

相比之下,

incomparison比较起来,

比较地,

bycomparison相比之下,

conversely相反(地),

otherwise否则;

除此以外,not...but不是……而是,aswell也等。主要从以下二个方面解题：一是掌握特点:指英语行文中后句与前句构成逆转逻辑关系；二是技巧运用:空格前后两句话之间如果是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个表示转折关系的句子。例如：“Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends.”hesaystoChinaDaily,“butyoucanimaginethatafterawhile,youneverreceiveasmanyasyousend,andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit.

32”Seekingotherlike-mindedsouls,however,Paulostartedlookinginasomewhatunlikelyplace:online.ManywouldsaytheInternetisaplaceforpeoplewhohavegivenuponthetraditionalpostalservice,butPaulo’shunch(直觉)paidoff.

A.Andthat’stotallyfine.B.Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.C.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby.D.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.5、根据因果关系确定答案表示因果关系的连词有asaresult/consequently结果,thus/therefore因此,so(such)...that...

如此……以至于……等。主要从以下二个方面解题：一是掌握特点：指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系；二是技巧运用：是说明了前因后果还是前果后因等情况。例如：

MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.36Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.6、根据递进关系确定答案表示递进关系的连词有:also也,

而且,further另外(地),furthermore而且,

此外,likewise同样地,

照样地;

也,又,similarly相似地,

类似地,moreover而且,

再者,

此外,inaddition另外,

加之,what’smore更重要的是,too也,还,either也,neither两者都不,notonly...butalso不但……而且等。主要从以下二个方面解题：一是掌握特点:后面的句子是对前面所述内容的进一步解释说明，即行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系；二是技巧运用:空格前后两句之间如果是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。例如：Languageiscertainlyabarrierformanypeople.Forpostcrossingtoworkworldwide,acommoncommunicationlanguageisneededsothateveryonecanunderstandeachother.AscoolasitmaybetoreceiveapostcardwritteninChinese,theconceptdoesn’tworkifonedoesn’tunderstandit.34Soacommonlanguageisrequiredandinpostcrossingthat’sEnglishsinceit’swidelyspoken.

A.Andthat’stotallyfine.B.Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.C.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby.D.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.7、根据并列关系确定答案主要从以下二个方面解题：一是掌握特点:前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系；二是技巧运用:寻找表示并列的关系词,如:and,first(ly),second(ly),...;first,then/next,..;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace.;foronething,foranother;tobeginwith,toconclude等标志性词语。例如：Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalking?Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,

youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(讲台).Ifyou’rethehost,

youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.39.

A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Asanartistwhosharesherjourneyonsocialmedia,I’moftenaskedbycuriousfollowershowtobeginanartjourney.Unfortunately,thereisnomagiclistIcanoffer.Idoremember,though,whatitwasliketobeacompletebeginner.SoI’veputtogethersomegoodtipsforstartinganartjourney.·Startsmall.Isuggestusingasketchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybeaspringboardformorecomplexworksinthefuture.___16___You’llwanttolookbackonyourjourneytoseehowfaryou’vecome.·Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllifes,portraits,orlandscapes,paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.___17___·Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.___18___Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.Welcometotheclub；we’veallbeenthere.Ilovetakingonchallenges.Ioncetookupachallengetocreateapaintingeverydayforamonthandposttheworksonline.·___19___Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反馈)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.Thejourneyyou’reonwon’tfollowastraightpath.___20___Pushthrough,giveittimeandputintheeffort.Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.AGetoutofyourcomfortzone.B.Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C.Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D.Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.E.You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.F.Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded,redefineyourrole.G.You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.（2024·湖北黄冈·三模）Inourmoderneconomy,acceleratedlearningcanbecrucialforsuccess.Learningfastermeansgainingmoreknowledge—quickerthanothers.16Anyonecanlearnfromthemandacceleratetheirlearningprocesswiththefollowingtechniques.CombineLearningStylesThatPlaytoYourStrengthsWhenyouaimtoaccelerateyourlearning,whatyouchoosetolearnshouldnotbelimitedtoacurriculumorclassroomstructure.17Differentmaterialsalongwithyourlearningstylecanaccelerateorslowdownyourcomprehensionprocess.Thebestlearningstyleistheonethatmakesiteasiertoprocess,orcomprehendideas,andsubjectsfaster.Onceyouknowyourlearningstrengthsandweaknesses,youcanchooselearningstrategiesthatplaytoyourstrengths.SeekFirsttoUnderstandTheBasicStructureofTheTopicYouChoose18Soyouneedtoseekfirsttounderstandthebasics.Inotherwords,youhavetogettoknowthetree’sroot,trunk,thenbranchoutfromthere.Don’tstartfromthebranchesortheleaves,pursuetherootandworkyourwaytothetopic.Therefore,whatevertopicyouchoosetolearnorstudy,juststartwiththebasics.GiveYourselfPlentyofTimeinBoth“Focused”And“Diffused”(分散的)ModesNormally,thehumanbrainisnotmeanttostayin“focused”modeforhoursatatime.19Consequently,whenyourbrainisactiveforaverylongtime,you’reactuallyblockingyouraccesstothediffusedmode—amorerelaxedstate.Therefore,diffusedmodeisjustasvaluableasthefocusedmode.So—justtakebreaks,letyourmindwander,thinkaboutotherthings,andgiveyourbrainplentyoftimetomakebetterconnections.20A．Youcanbenefitalotfromstayingfocused.B．Smartlearnersdon’thaveanyspecialsecrets.C．Youshouldtrytochoosewhateveryoulikebest.D．Everytopicorsubjecthasalogicalstructuretoit.E．Thenyoucanlearnbetterbyimposingbreaksonyourself.F．Long-lastingattentiontoasingletaskcanblockmemoryandrecall.G．Youcanpracticallychoosecontentfrommanysources,experts,andauthors.02段中句考查词汇线索1.人称代词或物主代词指代前文出现过的人或物，再次提到时，为了避免重复，为避免重复，常用人称代词，不定代词，指示代词，反身代词，以及such和so指代前文提到的内容。做题时要注意指代的人称、数的一致性。it可指代单数名词或整个句子;they或them指代复数名词:one指代单数可数名词;ones指代复数名词;that指代不可数名词或句子;this指代单数名词或句子:these或those指代前句的复数名词。做题过程中要特别关注空后的句子或选项中是否有代词，可以利用指代关系以及代词单复数形式的差异快速锁定答案。2.词汇线索高频词复现（同义词/近义词/上下义词/同一范畴词）1）复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。2）同范畴词出现同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it'svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).____36____Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同义词词典).Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.____37____Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.____38____Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoinabookshopsaleforjust99pence.Ofcourse,withits2,672pages,it'snotexactlyshort.Itcontainsaround163,000words,pluswordcombinationsandidiomaticphrases.____39____However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there'snothingbetter.ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson'sDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagepublishedin1755."Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,"wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof"dull".____40____Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.A.Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]It’ssomethingofacliché(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.40.We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.

A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.（2024·河南·模拟预测）HowtoCreatethePerfectSpringPlanterSpringcontainersareaneasysolutionforjazzingupacolorlessbalconyandboringcornersofanygardenatthistimeofyear.16Choosingtherightcontainerisimportant.Alwaysthinkaboutthestyleofyourgarden.17Theyaresolidpotsforspringastheydon’tblowoverinthoseearlyspringwinds.Checkthatthepothasalargedrainage(排水)holetoensurethatthesoildrainswell,butalwayscoveritwithacrock(likeapiecefromabrokenflowerplanter)sothatthesoildoesn’tblocktheholeandcreateproblemswithdrainagelaterdowntheline.Choosingtherightcompost(堆肥)isthekeytothesuccessofanyplanting.Ithinkit’sbesttousesoil-basedcompostsothatthesoildoesnotbecometooheavyorwaterlogged,especiallyinspringwhenwecouldhaveplentyofshowers.18Andtoomuchwaterinthesoilwillfreeze,preventingtheplantsfromtakingupthevitalwater.Plantcombinationsareimportant,soalwaysthinkaboutmixeswhichwilllastaswellasannualandperennial(多年生的)ones.19Abunchofpotsforcestheeyetolookaroundandtakeineachpotandplantcombination.AniceoptionisplantingsummerflowerslikeDahliaorLilytocreateasummerimpact.20Itcanbeachievedbyusingtallplants.Ifyoudon’thaveatallplantthenyoucanalwaysraiseyourpotoffthegroundwitholdhousebricksordecorativepotfeet,orusestepsinyourgardentocreateinterestanddrama.Apleasantsmellisalwaysalovelyadditiontoaspaceaswellaswildlife.Selecttherightplantforyourlocationinyourgarden－sunorshade-loving.A．Ilikegood,weightyplanters.B．ItcanstillbefrostyrightuptoMay.C．Andbesides,theyaresoeasytocarefor.D．Ialsoliketogrouppotstogetherindifferentsizes.E．Capitalizeonthosevariationstohelpchoosecompanions.F．Youmayfindsomeoftheseplantsinsmallerpotsorevenmulti-packs.G．Heightisimportanttothinkaboutwhenyou’redesigningyourarrangement.03考查前后句子相似结构句子结构重复出现，常有also等作为标志词。【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】Imagineachildstandingonadivingboardfourfeethighandaskinghimselfthequestion:“ShouldIjump?Thisiswhatmotivationorthelackofitcando.Motivationandgoalsettingarethetwosidesofsamecoin.___36___Likethechildonthedivingboard,youwillstayundecided.___37___Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvaluesyourstrengths,yourweaknesses,yourachievements,yourdesires,etc.Onlythenshouldyouryou’reyourgoalsA.Thiscanaffectyourwork.B.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.D.Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.F.Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.G.Withoutmotivationyoucanneithersetagoalnorreachit（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）Alotofpeopleassumethemoreworktheyputinatthegym,andthelongerandhardertheypushthemselves,thebettertheirresultswillbe.16Butifyouwanttogetthebestgains,thekeyistofocusonthequalityoftheworkratherthanthequantity.Yourbodyiscapableofmakingonlytinyadaptationsandimprovementsatanyonetime.Onceyou'vegivenitenoughpushtomakethesechanges,anyadditionalworkyoudoafterthatpointwon'tbemakingyouanybetter.17Thisisbecauseyou'llneedlongertorecoverafterwards.Besides,youwon'tfeelfreshwhenyoustartyournextsession.Ideally,it'sjustenoughtodothesmallestamountofworkrequiredtopromotegrowthineveryworkout.18Thustheminimumamountofexercisebringsthemaximumphysicalgains.19Forexample,ifanewgym-goerwantstogetstronger,hemightstartasquat(深蹲)workout,whichismadeupoftensteps,eachhavingfiverepetitions.Intheory,it'sasensiblewayforbuildingstrength.Ifhe'sonlyattemptedthreestepsinhispreviousexercise,it'sfarfromenough.Thefourthstepwouldpushhimpasthispreviouslimitandforceadaptation.Butthesubsequentstepsaremeantformoreprofessionalpeople.20Asageneralrule,regardlessofyourexperience,aimtoonlyincreasethevolumeofanyexercisebyonestepfromworkouttoworkout.A．Itseemslogical.B．Instead,it'llharmyourprogress.C．It'snaturalthatyoumaywanttokeepfit.D．Afterthat,youcanstopexercisingduringtheday.E．Onlyinthiswaycanyouenjoythebenefitofexercise.F．Theywouldjustincreasethechanceofinjuryforbeginners.G．Howmuchexerciseyouneedtododependsonyourcurrentfitnesslevel.（最新模拟试题演练）Passage1（2024·江西赣州·二模）Anxietydisordersareatypeofmentalhealthcondition.Anxietymakesitdifficulttogetthroughyourday.Symptomsincludefeelingsofnervousness,panicandfearaswellassweatingandarapidheartbeat.1Havepsychotherapy(心理疗法).Psychotherapyor“talktherapy”canhelppeoplewithanxietydisorders.CognitiveBehavioralTherapy(CBT)isanexampleofonetypeofpsychotherapythatcanhelppeoplewithanxietydisorders.Itteachespeopledifferentwaysofthinking,behaving,andreactingtosituationstohelpyoufeellessanxiousandfearful.CBThasbeenwellstudiedandisthegoldstandardforpsychotherapy.2Itfocusesonfacingthefearsbehindananxietydisordertohelppeopleengageinactivitiestheyhavebeenavoiding.Exposuretherapyissometimesusedalongwithrelaxationexercises.Anothertreatmentoptionforsomeanxietydisordersisacceptanceandcommitmenttherapy(ACT).ACTtakesadifferentapproachthanCBTtonegativethoughts.3Medicationdoesnotcureanxietydisordersbutoftenrelievessymptoms.Generally,medicationcanonlybeadvisedbyamedicaldoctor(suchasapsychiatristoraprimarycareprovider).Medicationsaresometimesusedastheinitialtreatmentofananxietydisorder.4Themostcommonclassesofmedicationsusedtofightanxietydisordersareantidepressants,anti-anxietydrugs,andbeta-blockers.Beawarethatsomemedicationsareeffectiveonlyiftheyaretakenregularlyandthatsymptomsmayappearagainifthemedicationisstopped.Joinsupportgroups.Youarealsorecommendedtojoinsupportgroupstogettheircopingstrategies.Somepeoplewithanxietydisordersmightbenefitfromjoiningaself-helporsupportgroupandsharingtheirproblemsandachievementswithothers.5Choosethemostsuitableandbelieveyou’llmakeit.A．Receivemedication.B．Choosetherightdoctors.C．It’sanewerformofpsychotherapytreatment.D．Thankfully,thereareeffectivewaystotreatanxiety.E．Besides,youmaylearnwaystomanageanxietydisordersyourself.F．ExposuretherapyisaCBTmethodthatisusedtotreatanxietydisorders.G．Theycanalsobeadoptedifthereisnosatisfyingresponsetopsychotherapy.Passage2（2024·河南驻马店·二模）Imaginebeingabletoupdateyourwardrobe(衣橱)withoutspendingadollar.Thisseeminglytoo-good-to-be-trueideaisentirelypossibleifyouhostaclothingswap(交换)partywithfriends.Here’showtogoaboutdoingit.SendoutaninvitationInvitetherightnumberofpeopleofmorethan10andlessthan20.6Youcansetminimumandmaximumnumbersofpiecesguestsneedtobring,ifyouwant.Beclearaboutwhatmakesapieceswap-worthy,i.e.nostains,washed,ironed.7Theycanbewomen’s,children’sclothing,footwear,etc.Remindgueststobringabagorboxtocarrytheirnewfindshomeandtowearundergarmentsthatfacilitatechanging.SetupyourlivingroomfortheswapIt’smorefunifthespacelookslikeastore,sogrouplikeitemswithlike.Foldjeansinaneatpile,clearatableandmakeaclothingrack(支架)usingalongcurtainbar.8MakesnacksandcocktailsIrecentlyreadaboutagroupofmothersinBritishColumbiawhodrinkDirtyMommacocktailswhileswappingclothingonaregularbasis.9Butstayawayfromredwine;youdon’twantthosestainsalloveryournewfoundtreasures.Taketurnsshopping10Limitthenumberofitemstothreeperturntokeepitfairandmovingfast.Everybodygoeshomewiththesamenumberofitemsthattheybrought.Iftwofriendshavetheireyeonthesamething,haveamodel-offandletthegroupdecidewhowearsitbest.Ifyou’reafraidofhurtfeelings,flipacoininstead.A．Drawlotstopickwhoshopsfirst.B．Takealltheclothingyouboughthome.C．ItisacommonpracticetoinviteguestsinBritain.D．Decidewhichcategoriesofclothingwillbeswapped.E．Establishachangingroomandprovidefull-lengthmirrors.F．Giveguestsatleasttwoweekstoprepareclothingtheywanttoswap.G．Whetherornotyourgrouphasanestablisheddrink,acocktailmakestheexperiencemorefun.Passage3（2024·辽宁大连·模拟预测）Whenwearefacedwithacrisis,orifwehaveanimportantdecisiontomake,manyofusfallintothetrapofover-thinking.Wemaykeepthinkingaboutsomethingconstantlyandtoolong.1Howcanwestopourselvesfromover-thinking?Doingsomethingtodistractyourselfisagoodidea.Youcanfindworkingwithyourhandsisespeciallygood.2Yourbrainsimplydoesn’thavetheresourcestosplititselfintoathirdactivity,forexampleover-thinking.3Studieshaveshownthatwhensomeoneviewssomethinginexcitementandanxiety,thebrainisforcedtobecomestuckinthepresentbecauseallofyoursensesarecompletelyengaged.Youdonothavetimetofocusonsomethingdifferentbecauseyourmindisfocusedonwhatisstimulatingyourightnow.Constantwishing,hopingandprayingdonotgiveyouanyrelief.Theyjustkeepyoustuckinoneplace.Buttakingthesmalleststepoffthecrisisreallymatters.Itwillsetthingsinmotion,makingyoulikeasnowball.4Thetrapsarethingsthatcauseyournaturalabilitytoreactwithoutrealizingthatthereisaconnectionbetweenthetwo.Thus,avoidingrelevanttrapsisalsoagoodidea.5Forexample,ifoneofyourcolleaguesissonegativethatshealwaysdragsyoudown,stophangingoutwithherbyhavinglunchaloneatanearbyrestaurant.A．Thismindsettendstoruinourday.B．Putsimply,outofsight,outofmind.C．Justasasayinggoes,oncebitten,twiceshy.D．Trywatchingasuspenseful(悬疑的)movie.E．Youarereallygettingyourbrainworkingforyou.F．Thus,youwillgraduallymoveyourselfoutofthefeeling.G．Itengagesyourmotorskillsaswellasyourthinkingprocess.Passage4（2024·河北邢台·模拟预测）Don’tLoseMotivationManyofushaveadreamthatwewouldlovetoachieve.Havingdreamsisfine,butachievingdreamsrequiresdetermination,single-mindedness,courage,andcommitment.6.Stayingmotivatedcanbehard,especiallyifyouthinkyouarebeingfrustratedfrequently.How,then,dowegetmotivated?7Motivationalspeakersoutlinetheirrecipesfors