Unit13单元知识小结（原卷版）

思维导图Unit13We’retryingtosavetheearth!思维导图模块小结知识要点一知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。【精讲精练】要点1advantageadvantagen.有利条件，益处，优越性用法例句1)havetheadvantageof意为“有….的优势”Hehadtheadvantageofagoodeducation.2)taketheadvantageofdoing意为“充分利用…的优势”Youneedtotaketheadvantageoftheopportunity.3)takedisadvantageof意为“利用”Someonemaybetryingtotakedisadvantageofyou.【典例分析】1.你应该充分利用你的优势，这样才可以做到更好。2.小心点，不要让别人利用了.要点2spend“四朵金花”（高频考题,重点训练）词汇用法spend主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：1.spendtime/moneyonsth.在....上花费时间/金钱2.spendtime/money(in)doingsth.花费时间/金钱做某事cost主语是物或者某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法：“sthcosts(sb)+金钱”,意为“某物花了（某人）多少钱”take后面常跟双宾语，常用于以下结构：1.“Ittakessb+时间+todosth”做某事花费某人多少时间。2.“doingsthtakessb+时间”做某事花费某人多少时间。pay主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：1.pay(sb)moneyforsth.为...付钱（给某人）2.payforsth.付....的钱3.payforsb.替某人付钱4.paysb.付钱给某人。【典例分析】一、单项选择：1.It______________metwoweekstofinishreadingthenovelwrittenbyGuoJingming.A.spent B.took C.paid D.cost2.ThenewTshirt_______________mefiftyyuan.A.spent B.took C.paid D.cost3.He___________twentyyuanforthebook.A.paid B.took C.cost D.spent 4.Iusually____________twohoursonmyhomeworkeveryday.A.spend B.pay C.cost D.take5.Jackusually__________anhour___________hishomework. A.takes,todoB.pays,fordoing C.spends,ondoingD.spends,doing6.Lucyspendsonehundredyuan___________bookseverymonth. A.on B.in C.with D.of7.LittleTomusuallyspendshisfreetime___________somereadingathome. A.do B.doing C.ondoing D.todo8.IttookLucytwodays___________drawingthisbeautifulpicture. A.tofinish B.infinishing C.finishing D.finish9.Asmile____________nothing,butgivesmuch.A.costsB.spendsC.costD.spend二、选择正确的“花费”的适当形式填空。1、It______________meaboutanhourtodomyhomeworkeveryday.2、I______________anhourcleaningmyofficeyesterday.3、Thisheavycoat______________me500yuan.4、I______________50yuanforthedictionaryyesterdayafternoon.5、I______________twohoursonthismathsproblem.Atlast,Iworkeditout.三、完成句子。1、他们花了两年建造这座大桥。They__________twoyears_____________________thisbridge.2、他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。___________________themthreeyears__________buildthisroad.3、从这里走到车站花了我们半小时。________________usthirtyminutes_______________fromheretothestation.4、我花了两个小时才完成这篇作文。Ittookmetwohours______________________theposition.5、我花三千元买了这部。________________3,000yuan__________themobilephone.要点3harmharmadj.危害；伤害；损害harmfuladj.有害的用法例句(1)doharmto意为“对……有害”Smokingdoesharmtoyourhealth(2)beharmfulto.意为“对….有害”Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.Quitsmokingearlyisgoodforyourhealth.【拓展】begoodfor对……有益beharmfulto对……有害doharmto对……有害【典例分析】1.Smokingis________toyou.A.harm B.harmful C.harms D.harmless2.Itis_____toyourhealthtodrinktoomuch.

A.hopeless B.hopeful C.harmless D.harmful3.被污染的水对鱼类有害。Pollutedwaterisfish.4.长时间看电视对你眼睛有害.WatchingTVforalongtime_____________________youreyes.=WatchingTVforalongtime_____________________youreyes.=WatchingTVforalongtime_____________________youreyes.5.Readinginthesunis________youreyes.A.harmfulto B.harmfor C.harmfulfor D.harmto要点4affordafford为动词，意为“（有财力）买得起，付得起”。例：Thegirllikesthehandbagverymuch，butshecan'taffordit.这个女孩非常喜欢这个手提包，但她买不起【考点】afford常接在can，could，beableto之后，表示担负得起（……的费用、损失、后果等），常用于否定句和疑问句中。例：Manypeoplecan'taffordanewhousenow.现在许多人买不起新房子。【重点】afford后面可以接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。afford后跟动词不定式作宾语，canaffordto/dosth.:有能力支付做某事\buysth.:买得起某物例：Thefamilycouldnotaffordtosendhertocollege.家里没有足够的钱供她上大学。【难点】afford后面可以接双宾语，即affordsb.sth.“为某人提供某物”。例：Readingwillaffordyoumuchpleasure.阅读会给你提供很多乐趣。【典例分析】1.—Somechildrencan'taffordnecessarystationery.—Let'sdonateourpocketmoneytothem.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.bebought2.Iamafraidwecannot_______totakeataxi.Let’sgobyundergroundinstead.A.refuseB.affordC.forgetD.fall3.Ican't________thepurseforit'ssoexpensive.A.find B.afford C.cost D.spend4.他太穷了买不起城市的房子。Heisverypoorand___________________ahouseinthecity.5.Carsaresoexpensivethatonlytheveryrichcan______tobuythem.A.wait B.affordC.get D.have要点4pollutionpollution的用法pollution是不可数名词，意为“污染”。其动词形式为pollute。【拓展】与pollution相关的短语【典例分析】1.Thereisless____________(pollute)inSuzhouthaninothercitiesinChina.2.Thelocalpeoplehadtomoveawaybecausetheenvironmentisseriously____________(pollute).3.Thisriverisdirtybecauseitis________bythewaterfromthatchemistryfactory.A.reduced

B.polluted

C.included

D.created4.Sleepingwithlightsonisa.You’dbettermakesureallthelightsareoffbeforeyougotobed.A.pollution B.action C.waste D.collection要点6takepartin参加辨析join,joinin,takepartin,attend词汇用法例句join指加入某个组织成为其中一员。jointheArmy/theParty/theLeague参军/入党/入团Mybrotherwilljointhearmy.joinin多指参加小规模的活动，如游戏、球赛等，joininsth.参加某事CanIjoininthegame?takepartin指参加群众性活动、会议并在其中起积极作用Allthestudentsinourclasstookpartinthesportmeeting.attend正式用语，指参加会议、婚礼、典礼；听报告、讲座等。He'llattendanimportantmeetingtomorrow.【典例分析】1.用take

part

in、join

in和join的适当形式填空。1）Ihopethatyou’ll________thediscussionthisafternoon.2.)Itisthreemonthssincehe______thefootballclub.3)Allthestudents___________theactivityofplantingtreeslastweek.4)Hedidnot____themeetingyesterday.2.－I’mgoingtoHongKongnextmonth.Whataboutyou,Jenny?－Iwill_______socialpractice.A.takepartinB.takeplaceC.takeoffD.takeaction3.DoyouwanttoMike’sbirthdayparty?A.go B.e C.join D.takepartin要点7litterv.乱扔；n.垃圾；废弃物不可数名词，意为“垃圾”Youcan’tdroplitterinthegarden.动词，乱扔Weshouldn’tlitterintheclassroom.辨析：litter,garbage,rubbish,waste单词用法例句litter指四处乱扔的东西和杂物Pleasedon’tdroplitter.garbage专指厨房中的残羹剩饭等必须清除的垃圾Don’tforgettotakeoutthegarbageafterdinner.rubbish指残骸、废物等普通垃圾，特意集中起来便于清除You’dbetternotthrowtherubbishontheground.waste指任何被丢弃的东西Wasteisalsobeingmoreandmorehazardous.【典例分析】1.Youcan’tdropl______inthepark.Weshouldkeepitclean.（根据首字母提示填空）要点8usedtodosth.过去常常做某事，意思是现在不做了，主语常是人，当然也可以是能实施动作的动物等。Iusedtogetupearlyandtookanhour'swalkbeforebreakfast.我过去常常起床很早并且在早餐前散步一小时。beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事，主语也通常是人，但是也可以是能实施动作的动物等。“getusedtodoingsth.”相当于“beusedtodoingsth.”。Heis/getsusedtolivinglikethis.他习惯了这样生活。beusedfordoingsth.被用于做某beusedtodosth.被用于做某事【典例分析】1.Wehave________upearlyinordertocatchtheearlybus.A．usedtogetB．beenusedtogetC．usedforgettingD．beenusedtogetting2.John_________withaknifebutnowhe_________withchopsticksafterlivinginBeijingforseveralmonths.A.usedtoeat;isusedtoeatB.usedtoeating;getsusedtoeatC.usedtoeat;isusedtoeatingD.wasusedtoeating;isusedtoeat2.用usedto和beusedto的适当形式填空。1.Myuncle_____________liveinabigcity，buthe_________________livinginavillagenow.2.I_________________getuplatewhenIwasinthemiddleschool.3.Thechild_________________watchtoomuchTVatnight.Sohehaspooreyesightnow.4.Westudents___________________doingmorningexerciseseveryday.5.There_______________beabeautifulpark.要点9waste（1）waste作不可数名词，意为“浪费，废物，垃圾”。awasteof意为“浪费……”。例如：Ihatewaste.我讨厌浪费。It’sawasteoftime.这就是浪费时间。（2）waste作形容词，意为“无用的，浪费的，荒废的”。例如：Weshouldn’tthrowwastepaperabout.我们不应该乱扔废纸。Afactoryispouringwastewaterintotheriver.一家工厂正在向河里倾倒废水。（3）waste作及物动词，意为“浪费”。wastetime/money(in)doing/onsth.表示“在做某事上浪费时间/金钱”。Don’twastewater!不要浪费水。【典例分析】1.AfterdinnerMumaskedmetothrowthe_______inthebowlsinthebagontheground.

A.fly

B.waste

C.sand

D.scarf2.Weallneedahealthyenvironment,butweproduceeverydayanditisharmfultoourenvironment.

A.dreams B.trouble C.problems D.waste3.妈妈认为玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。Mumthinksit________________________________________toplayputergames.4.这条河流被从工厂流出的废物严重污染。Theriverwas_________________________________________fromthefactory5.—ThelateststyleofHuaweimobilephoneswillbeonsale.Iwanttobuyone.—Ithinkyoushouldn’t________toomuchmoneyonnewmobilephonesyoudon’tneed.A.wasteB.putC.shareD.give要点10endangeredadj.濒危的；濒临灭绝的【例句】Ourgovernmentmustbedonetoprotecttheseendangeredanimals.我们的政府必须采取措施来保护这些濒临灭绝的动物。【辨析】不同的“危险”danger:不可数名词，意为“危险；成胁”，后接of(doing)sth...indanger在危险中dangerous:形容词，意为“危险的”endangered:形容词，意为“濒危的；濒临灭绝的”【典例分析】1.Thegirlisin.这个女孩处于危险之中。2.Itistoplaywithfire.玩火是危险的。3.Pandasareanimals.熊猫是濒危动物4.Nowadayssomanyanimals_______danger,weshouldtakeactionstosavethem.A.isin B.arein C.isoutof D.areoutof5.Whenonewalksinaforestaloneatnight,hemaybe______becausetherearemany______animalsaroundthem.A.

dangerous;indangerB.

dangerous;dangerousC.

indanger;dangerousD.

indanger;indanger;要点11win为动词，意为“赢、获胜”，例：Wearesuretowinthegame.我们确信能赢得比赛。【考点】辨析win和beat=1\*GB3①win指在游戏、比赛、竞赛、选举中获胜，后常跟game，race，prize等表示“物”的词。例：Tomwonfirstprizeinthewritingpetition.汤姆在写作竞赛中赢得了一等奖=2\*GB3②beat指在运动、比赛等中获胜，打败了其他人或其他队，后常跟somebody，class等表示“人”的词。例：TheybeatusinthebasketballmatchlastMonday.上周一他们在篮球比赛中打败我们。【典例分析】1.在最后，我们获得了比赛胜利！Atlast，we________thegame！2.他竭尽全力击败他的朋友并获得了比赛的胜利Hetriedhisbestto_________hisfriendand__________thegame！3.XuHaifeng________thefirstgold________inOlympicGamesforChina.A.gets;medal B.won;symbolC.got;prize D.won;medal4.Theirfootballteamwasinthatimportantgame.

A.won B.beatenC.failed D.beat5.DidNewJerseyNets________MiamiHeat?—No,theywere________．A．lose;beatenB．win;lostC．beat;beatenD．lose;beat6.Hedidashisteachertoldhimand________firstplaceintheexam.A.won B.beatC.lost D.win7.—Whichteam_______thematch,TeamOneorTeamTwo?—TeamOne_______TeamTwo.A.won;won B.beat;beatC.beat;won D.won;beat8.Thisyearwetrainedharder,weshouldn’t________________totheotherteam.A.win B.beat C.lose D.defeat要点12insteadof代替；而不是【解析】insteadof意为“代替；而不是”，与inplaceof同义。We'llaskLiMeiinsteadofMary.我们将去问李梅而不问玛丽。【辨析】instead与insteadofinstead：副词，意为“代替；相反”，常用于句首，在句中作状语，起连接上下句的作用，通常是上句含有否定的，然后用instead引出下句。也可以用于句末，常用于各自独立的句子中insteadof：表“代替；而不是”。后接名词或代词、介词短语或动词ing形式，不能单独使用【典例分析】1.根据句意,选用instead或insteadof填空。1)MaryisgoingtoShanghai__________Guangzhou.2)Jackdidn’tdohishomework.________,hewenttoseeafilm.3)Annsaidnothing.Shebegantocry________.4)Ihavetodomyhomework__________goingout.2.昨晚他待在家里，而没有去看电影Hestayedathome_________________________tothecinemalastnight.3.她没有玩电脑游戏，而是为考试而学习。Shedidn’tplayputergames.Shestudiedforthetest__________.4.Hedidn'tanswermyquestion.Instead，heaskedmeaquestion.(同义改写)＝Heaskedmeaquestion____________________________myquestion.5.Whataniceday！Weshouldgosightseeing________watchingTVinthehotel.A．becauseofB．insteadof C．togetherwith D．instead6．MissWhitedoesn'tlikebuyingniceclothes.Shelikescollectingstorybooks________.A．instead B．either C．too D．insteadof要点13thenumberof/anumberof（1）anumberof意为“许多”，后面接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。number前面可以用large，great，small等修饰，构成alargenumberof;asmallnumberof等。例如：Ihaveanumberofletterstowrite.我有许多信件要写。Alargenumberofstudentsinourschoolarefromthecountryside.我们学校许多学生来自农村。Asmallnumberofstudentsinourclasswentswimmingyesterday.昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。（2）thenumberof意为“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：ThenumberofpeoplespeakingChineseislargerthanthatofthosespeakingEnglish.说汉语的人数要大于说英语的人数。【典例分析】1.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedtotheparty________fifty,butanumberofthem________absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;was B.was;wasC.was;were D.were;were2.Asweallknow,__________numberofpeoplelearningChineseisincreasingrapidly.A.a B.an C.the D.\3.There_____anumberofbooksinthelibraryandthenumberofthem_____increasing.A.has;isB.have;areC.are;isD.is;are4.________studentsintheschoolisover2,000.________themarefromthecity.A.Thenumberof;Anumberof B.Thenumberof;ThenumberofC.Anumberof;AnumberofD.Anumberof;Thenumberof要点14putsth.togooduse好好利用某物putsth.togooduse意为“好好利用某物”，相当于makegooduseofsth.,被动语态为sth.beputtogooduse,表示某物被好好利用。与put有关的短语：①putoff意为“推迟"，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式.例：We'llputoffholdingthesportsmeetingbecauseofrain.由于下雨，我们将推迟举办运动会。②putaway意为“收拾起来".例：Thelittlegirlputthebowlawayaftershefinishedherdinner吃完晚饭后，小女孩儿把碗收拾起来。③putup意为“张贴、举起、建立"，例：Anewschoolwasputuplastyear.去年新建了一所学校。④puton意为“穿上”例：Whatdressshalllputonfortheparty?我应该穿什么衣服去参加聚会呢?⑤putout意为“扑灭；熄灭".例：Thefiremensoonputoutthefire.消防员很快把火扑灭了。eq\o\ac(○,6)putthrough意为“给……接通”【典例分析】1.—Jason,wouldyoupleasethisnotice?

—Withpleasure.puton B.putoffC.putup D.putout2.Tonyboughtaphotoofhisfavouritesportsstarand________onhisbedroomwall.A.gaveitup B.founditoutC.lookeditthrough D.putitup3.—Jason,couldyouplease________thispictureonthewall?—Withpleasure.A.puton B.putoffC.putup D.putout4.Theexamisoverandresultswillbe onFridayafternoon.A.putdown B.putoff C.putup D.putaway要点15bemadeof由…….制造；由……制作【例句】Thequiltismadeofcotton.这被子是棉花做的。【辨析】bemadeof、bemadefrom、bemadein、bemadeinto与bemadebybemadeof：“...….制成”，张调能奋出原材料bemadefrom：“....…制成”，强调看不出原材村bemadein：“在（某地）制造”，后跟地点或场所bemadeinto：“被制成……”，后跟成品bemadeby：“由（某人）制造”，后跟制造成品的人bemadeinto“把……做成某产品”，是把材料做成产品。Manygoodbooksaremadeintofilms.许多好书被制成了电影。bemadeof“由……制成”，由制成品仍可看出原材料。Thecoatismadeofsilk.这件外套是由丝绸做成的。bemadefrom“由……制成”，制成品经过变化，看不出原材料。Paperismadefromwood.纸是由木头做成的。bemadein“……生产于某地”。ManywashingmachinesaremadeinHefei.许多洗衣机是合肥生产的。bemadeupof“由……组/构成”，表示事物是由若干部分构成的。Ourclassismadeupoftwentythreeboysandtwentyfivegirls.我们班是由23位男孩和25位女孩组成的。【典例分析】1.Thescarfwhichis________silk________softandfortable.A．madefrom;soundsB．madeof;feelsC．madein;smellsD．madeupof;smells2．Somegoodsmade________Westerncountriesareveryexpensive.A．byB．inC．fromD．of3.Booksaremade________paperwhilepaperismainlymade________wood.A．of;ofB．from;fromC．of;fromD．from;of4.我爷爷做的这种果汁，是由多种水果做的。Thejuicewhich______________________________manykindsoffruitsis____________________mygrandpa.5.这支医疗队由12名医生组成。Thismedicalteam__________________________________12doctors.要点16beknownfor以……闻名；为人知晓beknownfor与beknownasbeknownfor：与befamous/wellknownfor为同义，表示因某种知识、技能或特征而闻名beknownas：与befamous/wellknownas为同义表达，表示以某种身份、职业而闻名【典例分析】1.Bondibeachisknown________________aninterestingplace_______________holidays.A.in;for B.as;for C.for;to D.to;as2.YaoMingisknown________________aplayer________________basketballfans.A.for;as B.as;for C.as;to D.as;in3.LadyGagaisknown________asingerandsheisknown__________herbeautifulvoice.

A.for;as B.as;forC.for;for D.as;as要点17…althoughthereareotherlanguagesforeverydayuse.本句是although引导的让步状语从句。although的意思相当于though，意为“尽管，虽然”，用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but;and;so等连用，但可以和yet;still等词连用。例如：Althoughhelivesalone,hedoesn’tfeellonely.=Helivesalone,buthedoesn’tfeellonely.虽然他一个人住，但他并不感到孤独。Thereisairallaroundus,althoughwecannotseeit.虽然我们看不见空气，但空气却存在于我们的周围。【拓展】although与though的辨析：(1)用作连词，表示“虽然”，二者可以互换使用，但although比though更为正式。例如：Though/Althoughitwasraining,westillwentthere.虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那里。(2)although一般不用作副词，而though可用作副词，且一般放在句末（不放在句首），意为“可是，不过”。例如：It’shardwork;Ienjoyit,though.工作很辛苦，可是我很喜欢。Wealltriedourbest;Welostthegame,though.我们都尽了最大努力，但我们还是输了。(3)在asthough(好像，仿佛)，eventhough(即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用although。例如：Hetalksasthoughheknowseverything.他夸夸其谈，好像无所不知。eventhough/evenif都可引导让步状语从句，都不能与but连用，但可以与yet，still等连用。eventhough和evenif一般可互换。语气比though/although强烈。Hewon'ttellmeaboutthenewseventhough/evenifheknowsit.即使他知道这消息，他也不会告诉我的【典例分析】1.—HowdoyouliketheconcertgivenbyEXO?—Exciting,______onepieceofthemusicwasn’tplayedquitewell.A.though B.because C.so D.and2.Mysistercanbereallysmart.______shedidn’tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,shemanagedtoorganizethetripproperly.A.Though B.But C.Because D.UnlessA./;butB.Although;howeverC.Though;butD./;and4.Onthosefoggydays,youcouldhardlyseeanythingaroundyou________itwasatnoon.

A.so B.becauseC.butD.though5.即使知道是无望的，我也坚持尝试。Ikeptontrying,_______________Iknewitwashopeless.6.尽管雨下得很大，农民们仍然在农场里工作。_____________________it’sraininghard,thefarmersarestillworkingonthefarm.要点18hearof意为“听说，听到”，相当于hearabout。例如：Ihaveneverheardofhim.我从来没听人说起过他。【拓展】hear;hearof与hearfrom的辨析：(1)hear“听见，听说”。当“听见”讲时，强调结果，可直接带宾语或用于hearsb./sth.do/doingsth.意为“听见某人/某物（在）做某事”，当“听说”时，后面常接从句。例如：Canyouhearabirdsinginginthetreenow?你现在能听见鸟在树上唱歌吗？Iheardthatshepassedtheexam.我听说她通过考试了。(2)hearof“听说，得知”，后面接名词或代词，指听到某人或某事的存在或消息。例如：Jimdisappearedandnobodyheardofhim.Jim不知去向，没有人再听到他的消息。(3)hearfrom“收到……来信”，后面常接人作宾语。例如：Haveyoueverheardfromyourpenpal?你是否收到过笔友的来信。要点19remember作动词，意为“记得”。与forget意思相反。例如：Pleaserememberhisname.请记得他的名字。【拓展】（1）remembertodosth.表示“记得要做某事”，事情还没有做。例如：

Remembertoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave.离开时记得关灯。（2）rememberdoingsth.表示“记得曾经做过某事”，事情已经做过了。例如：HerememberedgoingtoShanghaiwithhisparentswhenhewasfiveyearsold.他记得五岁时曾经和父母去过上海。【典例分析】1.Tinaisbusy____atschool,butsheneverforgets_____hermothereveryday.A.work;tocallB.working;tocallC.working;calling2.Iforgot_________(borrow)somemoneyfromyoulastweek,I’msosorry.3.—Doyoustillremember________YaoMinginBeijing?—Yes,ofcourse,threeyearsago.A.tomeet B.meetingC.meet D.met4—Willsheforget______dinnerforus?—No,shewon’t.A.cooks B.tocookC.cooking D.cooked5—Whydoyoumentionthisagain?—Oh,dear,Iforgot______youaboutthatbefore.A.telling B.toldC.totell D.totelling要点20lead的用法（1）作为及物动词，意为“领导；率领；（过）某种生活”。常用于以下表达中：=1\*GB3①leadsb.todosth.，意为“带领某人去做某事”。OurcoachledustobeatClass1inthebasketballmatch.我们教练带领我们在篮球赛中击败了一班。=2\*GB3②leadsb.against...，意为“带领某人对抗……”。Heledagroupofpeopleagainsttheenemy.他率领一群人和敌人对抗。=3\*GB3③leadahappylife,意为“过上幸福的生活”。Theyoungcoupleledahappylifefromthenon.从那时起，这对年轻的夫妇过上了幸福的生活。（2）作为不及物动词，意为“通向”，常用于leadtosp.,意为“通往某地”。AllroadsleadtoRome.条条大道通罗马。（3）leadinto意为“引入；导入”，其中into是介词，其后跟宾语。如：Weoftenuse“excuseme”toleadintoarequest.们经常用“excuseme”来引入一个请求。【典例分析】1.我的父亲引导我帮助处在困境中的人。Myfather_________me__________peopleintrouble.2.这条路通向旅馆。Thisroad_____________thehotel.3.他的勤奋导致他的成功。Hishardwork_________hissuccess.4.在下一届选举中谁将领导这个政党？Whowill_________thepartyinthenextelection？5.王先生领着我们走出了森林。Mr.Wang_______us_____outoftheforest.要点21makedifference意为“起作用；有影响”，其后可接介词to，构成短语makedifferenceto，表示对某人或某事物有影响。例：Akindsmilecanmakeabigdifference.一个善意的微笑会产生很大的影响。知识拓展有关make的常用短语：makethebed铺床maketea沏茶makeamistake犯错误makealiving谋生makenoise制造噪音makesure务必maketrouble惹麻烦makemoney赚钱makeavisit拜访makeatelephonecall打makeadecision做决定要点22cutv.砍辨析：cut

off/cut

down

/cut

in/cut

out

词汇例句cutoff切断，剪断Theyhavecutoffthewater/electricity/gassupply.cutdown砍倒，减少Ifyoucutdownallthetrees,youwillruintheland.cutin插嘴Shealwayscutinwhenotherpeoplearetalking.cutout切去，切除Thecancerouscellshadtobecutout.【典例分析】1、完成句子1）我已经决定减少吸烟。Ihavedecidedto_____mysmoking.2）他们由于欠话费被停机。Theywere______fornotpayingtheirphonebill.3）我们谈话时她老是插嘴Shekept_______onourconversation.4）人们正在砍倒太多的树木。Peopleare__________toomanytrees.【重点词组】 1.atthebottomoftheriver在河床底部2.befullofrubbish充满了垃圾3.throwlitterintotheriver把垃圾扔入河中4.playapartincleaningitup尽一份力把它清理干净5.cutdownairpollution减少空气污染6.makeadifference产生影响7sharkfinsoup鱼翅汤8.atthetopofthefoodchain处于食物链的顶端9.inthelast20to30years在最近的20到30年间10.developlaws建全法律11.takepartin参加12.can'taffordtodosth.负担不起做某事13.takeaction采取行动14.addup累加15.rideincars开车出行16.throwaway扔掉17.putsth.togooduse好好利用18.pull...down拆下19.beaninspirationtosb.对某人来说是一种鼓舞20.setupawebsite建立一个网站21.beknownfor因……而闻名22.notonly...butalso...不仅……而且…【重点句式】1.Eventhebottomoftheriverwasfullofrubbish.即使河底都充满垃圾。2.Everyoneintownshouldplayapartincleaningitup.城里的每个人都应当尽一份力把它清理干净。3.Theairisbadlypollutedbecausetherearetoomanycarsontheroadthesedays.空气被严重污染因为如今路上的汽车太多了。4.Iusedtobeabletoseestarsinthesky.我过去能在天空中看到星星。5.Theairhasbeereallypollutedaroundhere.I’mgettingveryworried.这儿的空气真的已经被污染了，我非常担心。6.Noscientificstudieshaveshownthatsharkfinsaregoodforhealth.没有科学研究说明鱼鳍对人们的健康有好处。7.Tocutdownairpollution，weshouldtakethebusorsubwayinsteadofdriving.为了减少空气污染，我们应当乘坐公汽或地铁而不是开车。8.Sharksmaydisappearonedayifwedonotdosomethingtostopthesaleofsharkfins.如果我们不采取措施来阻止这种鱼鳍买卖，鲨鱼可能有一天会灭绝。9.Thismethodisnotonlycruel，butalsoharmfultotheenvironment.这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境有害。10.Thenumbersofsomekindsofsharkshavefallenbyover90percentinthelast20to30years.在最近的20年到30年的时间里，某些种类的鲨鱼的数量已经下降了90%。11.Wecan'taffordtowaitanylongertotakeaction！我们不能再等待更长的时间再来采取行动！12Haveyoueverthoughtabouthowthesethingscanactuallybeputtogooduse？你曾经考虑过怎样把这些东西充分利用起来吗？13.Notonlycanartbringhappinesstoothers，butitalsoshowsthatevencold，hardironcanbebroughtbacktolifewithalittlecreativity.不仅艺术能给其他人带来快乐，这也显示了只需一点点创意，冰冷、坚硬的铁也能重获生机。知识要点知识要点二：语法知识要点二语法现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在发生或进行的动作。常见的标志词有now、atthemoment、look、listen等。其构成为“am/is/are+动词－ing形式”。1.现在进行时用来表示现在正在进行的动作Whatistheboydoingontheplayground?这个男孩儿正在操场上做什么？—Heisplayingbasketball.他正在打篮球。2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态，这一动作不一定在说话人说话时发生Thesedaysheiswritingabook.这些天他正在写一本书。3.go、e、start、leave、move、arrive等动词用现在进行时表示即将发生的动作SheisleavingforQingdaotomorrow.明天她要前往青岛。4.get、bee、turn、run、go、begin、forget、die、finish等动词，它们的现在进行时表示将来，有逐渐、越来越快的意味Theirhouseisbeingold.他们的屋子变旧了。I'mafraidthecatisdying.恐怕这只猫要死了。现在完成时现在完成时：have/has+及物动词的过去分词过去分词的构成分规则变化和不规则变化两种。规则变化的动词的过去分词和过去式的构成一样；不规则变化的动词的过去分词需特别记忆。表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用非延续性动词，如begin、give、go、meet、see等，但不能与for、since引导的延续性的时间状语连用（在否定句中不受限制）Haveyouhadyourbreakfast?你吃过早饭了吗?Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.是的，我刚刚吃过。Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.我已经完成我的作业了。2.表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。通常使用延续性动词，如be、work、study、live等，常与表示时间长度的状语连用，如fortwodays、since1998、allday等。Mybrotherhasbeenawayforalongtime.我哥哥离开好长时间了。Shehaskeptthebooksincelastweek.自从上周她就借了这本书了。一、用动词的正确时态填空1.Hersister________(notdo)thehouseworkyet.2.________you________(meet)himyet?3.Sofarthey________(notget)aletterfromJohn.4.Mycousin________(read)thisbookalready.5.Thenewspaperishere.It_______(e)amomentago.I__________(notread)ityet.6._________youever___________(be)toKorea?7.—Yournewwatchissonice!When_________you_________(buy)it?—InApril.I_________(have)itfortwomonths.8.Mr.Smith_________(go)toBeijingforatrip.He_________(get)therethismorning.情态动词【典例分析】1.Mike,youplaywithfire.Youburnyourself.A.won't;can't B.havegotto;shouldn'tC.don'thaveto;must D.mustn't;might2.—_______wecleantheclassroomatonce?—No,you_______.You_______cleanitafterschool.A.Must;needn’t;mayB.Must;mustn’t;canC.Shall;can’t;mustD.Need;mustn’t;may3.—Goodmorning.I'vegotanappointmentwithMs.Kinginheroffice.—Morning.You_______beMr.Jones.Thisway,please.A.will B.must C.can D.might4.—Whosebackpackisthis?—It_______beJim’s.Look,hisstudent’scardisinit.A.mustB.canC.mustn’tD.can’t5.—Canwerunacrosstheroadnow?—No,we________.Wehavetowaituntilthelightturnsgreen.A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.couldn'tD.shouldn't二、用适当的情态动词填空1.—What__________Idoforyou?—Iwantsomebananas.2.Tom__________rideabike,buthecan’tdriveacar.3.Youareill,Tom.You__________seeadoctor.4.Children__________playbasketballinthestreet.5.Ifyouarenotcareful,acar__________hityou.6.—__________Iein?—Yes,youmay.ein,please.7.Ablindman__________seeanything.8.Nobody_________livewithoutairandwater.9.Thebook__________bereturnedbeforeSaturday.10.You_________giveupsmokingatonce.It'sbadforyourhealth.11.Thetrainwillleaveathalfpastsix,soI__________gettherefifteenminutesearlier.12.Youdon't________worryabouther.Sheismuchbetternow.被动语态小结

英语动词有主动语态和被动语态之分。被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。

其用法：

（1）不知道或没有必要指出动用的执行者

（2）强调动作的承受者

（3）动作执行者有比较长的修饰语

（4）出于礼貌，不愿说出动作的执行者

主动语态变为被动语态的方法：

（1）主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构的主语

（2）主动结构的谓语动词由主动语态变为be+v过去分词

（3）主动语态变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后

时态

构成

一般现在时

is/am/are+ved

一般过去时

was/were+ved

一般将来时

willbe+ved

过去将来时

wouldbe+ved

现在进行时

is/am/arebeing+ved

过去进行时

was/werebeing+ved

现在完成时