翻译理论与实践教案

适用年级：商务英语专业本科三年级#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(401.Helpthestudentsachieveabasicunderstandingoftranslatclassification,evaluationcriteria,theroleoftranslator,etc.2.Thedifficultiesinvolvedintranslatisourcelanguage(SL)/receptorlanguage/targetlareproduce;message/information;equivalence/correspondence2.Natureoftranslation(Eugeneb.Humantranslation/machinetranslc.Literary/scientific/political/d.Domestication(naturalization)/foreignizatione.Literaltranslation/freetranslation1.严复：信、达、雅(faith似4.EugeneA.Nida:natural/close;dynamic/functionalequivalenC.Whatdifficultiesmightoccurintranslatingprocess?distantbothintimeandspace;(2)itsformisverymuc2 ButI,amaid,diemaiden—RomeoandJuliet译文1:他要借你做牵引相思的桥梁e.g.crocodile'stears;scieII.TheRoleofTransla1.Acourierofthehumanspirits(普希金)2.Asculptorwhotriestorecreateaworkofpainting5.Traduttori-traditori(Translatorsaretraitors.)B.Responsibilityoftranslator:II.TheDevelopmentofT3bysophisticatedmode#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40minutes2.Brieflyanalyzetheinfluence.g.Itisapity,however,thatDr.Thlessonthathistoryoffersu5e.g.Doubtsbegantocreepintopeople'oftheproject.e.g.ItjuststruckmethatIstilloweyoufortprosperityandstabilityafteritC.Subject-Prominent(主语句)vs.Topic-Prominent(主题句)2)IregarditasanhonorthatIam2.Cigaretteswerethedea3.IfthemanwhowasseentotakeanumbrellafromtheSundayeveningdoesnotwishtogetintotrouble,hewillreturn4.Ifyouconferabenefit,neverrememberit;ifyoureceiveone,rememberit6.Theyhadnorunningwaterwheretconveniencesoflifesresultinseriousdiseaseifcertainimportantelementsaremissi9.Bytheendofthewar,800peopleacostof200BelgianandFrenchli1.你既然沾上了手，就得干下去。(形象化)2.香烟断送了我的性命。(静一动)6词)9.大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800人，但那是以200多比利时人和法国7k#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(402.BrieflyanalyzetheinfluenceA.Wordmeaninge.g.mascon,cosplay→atendencyoftranslatability(e.g.bar,dia.Polysemy(一词多义)b.Homonymy(同形/同音异义)e.g.readymoney/pocketmoney/easymoney/hardmoney8人他是1980年5月27日在罗马出生的。/他于1980年5月27日出A.Transformationofsecompletionoftheconstructionjobhehadbeenengagedininthe9PK台-PleasefindthefullwordofPKanditsoriginalmeaning.-AttheendofthePPT,putinthesourceofyourknowledgeandthenamesofB.TranslatethefollowingparaItseemedapointscoredforhersidebuttheevidencecouldnotbedestroyed;agaspsofintake,whileeveryonerummagedthroughVaseline,butter,toothpaste-anythingforanurgent.Motherhadatinybottleof tleofLesson:TransferofWordMeaningk#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(403.Amplificationofwordmeani2.AmplificationofwordmeaningIII.ChoiceofWordingMeanings(词义的选择)c.Wecovered400kminthref.She'scoveringtheg.I'mgoingtothedoctor'stomorrowsodoh.Willf50coveryourj.Ithinkmoresingershavecovered“Yesterday”thananyothersong.k.We'vegotalltheexitscovered,sc.三个小时我们赶了400公里路。2.back:b.Shebackedthecaroutofthenarrowroad.e.Ourcathasbrokenoneofherbacklegs.f.Whenyouhavedonewiback.e.g.exercise:exerciseoptions(行使选择权);exerciseresponsibility(履行责任);exerciseinfluence(施加影响)andgreensIV.CommendatorySenseorDerogatorySense(词义的褒贬)A.Theworditselfhascommendatorysenseorderogatorysense2.Hisnotorietyasarakedi3.Thetaskscarriedoutbythemarepraiseworthy.4.HenrykeepsboastingthathehastalkedtothePB.Theworditselfisneutra1.Thosewhodonotremember2.Hewasamanofintegrity,butunfortunatC.Theworditselfhasbothcommendatorysense3.HitlercarriedoutanaggressivepolicA.虚实引申e.g.DuringthemeetingB.术语移用我认为自己是个动词(独立而富于行动);而不是个人称代词(从属C.逻辑引申whatasuitofclothingcosts,howlongyoucankeepthebutcherwaiting.Findthedifferentmeaningofthesichain链条；连锁店charity救济金；施舍物；宽大cords灯心绒裤damage损害expectations前程，成功的前景地平线眼界，见识责任；不利条件负债，债务peanut很少的钱possibility可能性possibilities发展前途；潜在价值proceeds(货款)收益，收入refreshment精神爽快refreshments茶点，点心sanction批准，认可#TitleofLesson:ConvertingWeek#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40minutesperperiod)3.Nounswithsuffix“-er”donotalway4.Nounsastheprinciplepartofafixedexpression(作为习语主体的名词)aware,careful,cautious,certain,concerned,confident,deignorant,glad,grateful,sorry,suree.g.Thedesignaimsatautomaticoperation,easy形式)A.NounsConvertedintoAdjectives(a/an+n.)2.Thelanguageofthepoemiscolloquial,yetit'sdeepinitsunderstandingof4.Traditionally,therehadalwaysbeengoodrelationsbetweenthem.uldsendthememorif6.Itisimpossibletoliveinsociety7.ThelecturewascalledThieves,andwasademonstrationth9.Sheskimmedoverthelawn,upthep3.有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面取得的成就给予了积极的评价。5.难怪老一辈的人见了这个就会想起36年前的往事。(n.→v.)8.年轻的学者吃着简单的饭食，住在寒冷的茅屋，靠着昏暗的灯光，长时间9.她轻盈地越过草地，跑上小道，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，走进了门廊。Itis,perhaps,noaccidentthatmanyoftheoutstandingfiguresofthepastwereexceptionallyversatilemen.Rightupuntilcomforanintelligentpersontoacquainthimselfwithalmosteverybranchofknowledge.careersatonceasamatterofcourse.DaVinciwassobusywiinventionsthathebarelyfoundthetimetocompletehispaRenaissanceidealofthe“universalman”,themanwhowasToday,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofnarrowly-definedcompartments.Thespeciworldofhighly-skilled“experts”whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompeteWiththishighdegreeofspecialization,thefrontbeingpushedbackmorerapidlythaneverbefore.Buwithoutconsiderablecost.Thescientist,whooutsidehisownbarelyawareofthetremendousstridesthathavebeenmadeintechnology.Similarly,specializationhasindirectlyaffectedquactivitieswhichwereoncepursuedfortheirowntheyrequiretechniques,theexpertstellus,whichtakealife-timetomaster.Littlebylittle,wearebecomingmorimpossibletotalktoyourneighborabouthisjob,evenifheisengagedinroughlythesameworkasyouare.Tthemosteminentscientistsinthecountry.Yetitisevenhere,asoneofitsFellowsputatalectureunderstand50%ofwhatisbeingsaid!多面手非但不受人钦佩，反而常常遭到怀疑。当今的世界是精通专业的“专家”呢?秀的科学家。然而，令人深感不安的是，正如它的是在这里举办一次讲座，也只有10%的会员能够听懂其中50%的内容!#TitleofLesson:Adding#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(403.Addingwordswhichindicatetheplura5.Addingwordswhichsuggestthetextual/socialc2.Addingwordswhichindicatethetense3.Addingwordswhichsuggestthetextual/socialcoII.Abriefintroductionofaddinge.g.Therewerenospeeches,noforeigndiplomats,no“ordinarye.g.Afterthebanquets,thece.g.I'mreallybusythismorning:2classes,ameeting,andaninterview.e.g.Whataday/life!—多么(热/冷/难熬/幸福/悲惨)的一天/生活啊!—那个小女孩照顾她的年迈的母亲是多么地细心周到啊!一人群渐渐地散去了。—他一开讲，就滔滔不绝地讲个没完。一起床后她难道不洗漱(洗脸刷牙)吗?e.g.Hesometimesforgetstowashbefor—他有时忘记洗脚就上床睡觉。一她日复一日地做着同样的家务：洗衣服，拖地板，做饭。一这台收音机真是物美价廉。一她是个性格复杂的人：喜怒无常，多愁善感，疑神疑鬼。e.g.Afterallpreparati—一切准备工作就绪后，运动会开始了。thesummerof1969,thegovernmentpubliclyurgedf—一九六九年夏天，政府公开主张缓和与中国的紧张关系。—他感到胸中涌起了一股爱国热情。e.g.Heallowedthefathertobeoverruledbythejudge,anddeclaredhis—法官的职责战胜了父子之情，他最终判决自己的儿子有罪。VII.Addingwordswhichindicatethepluralform汉语中名词的复数没有词型变化，很多情况下不必表达出来，但要表达诸位或独立使用“大家”;表达事物的复数时可用“若干”等。此外，英语名词复数汉译时还可根据情况，增加重叠词、数词或其他一些词来表达，以提高修辞效果。A.增加重叠词表示复数e.g.Flowersbloominthefields.一朵朵鲜花开满原野。e.g.Everysummer,touristsgot一一到夏季，旅游者纷纷涌到海滨城市。千山，千难万险)等；还有些词，如、群、众、历、丛等也表示数量e.g.Thecrowdmadeawayforhim.一众人给他闪开了一条道。e.g.Iboughtanewbikeyesterday.一我昨天买了一辆新自行车。e.g.Shallwehavearest?一我们休息一下好吗?X.Addingauxiliarywordswhichindicateth表达原文的修辞色彩。e.g.Don'ttakeitsoseriou一不要当真嘛!我不过是跟你开玩笑罢了。e.g.Asforme,Ihavenothingtosay.—我呢，也没有什么可说的了。—这是你的书吗?—Yes,itis.一是我的。e.g.—what?Don'tyoulovehim?—Yes,ofcourseIdo.—什么?难道你不爱他?—我当然爱他!B.排比句e.g.“Readingmakethafullexactman...”—“读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准读书》王佐良译)C.比较句e.g.Betterbewisebythedefe.g.ThevillagersareasreadytolooD.隐含条件句e.g.AtthetimeofKennedy'sassassi一肯尼迪遇刺时，人们认为，假如他再任一届总统的话，大概不是功高盖世，就是祸国殃民。e.g.ButwithoutAdolfHitler,therealmostcertainlywoXII.Addingwordswhichindice.g.InApril,therewasthe“ping”heardaro“ponged”.如只照原文译出“四月份，全世界听到乒的一声；七月里，这乒声乓了一下。”读者肯定不知所云。根据中美建交的背景知识，把这段外交史话译为：英汉语中都有概括词。对应译成总之等等即可。但有时英语句子中e.g.Theforeignminis一中、俄、日、美四国外长在东京会晤。e.g.ChinaiswillingtoexchangeviewsXIV.Addinglinkingwordse.g.Yes,helikesfootball.Lotsofpeopledothesedays.Sort—你犯了一个错误，而且还是个严重错误。A.PresentationTask:translatethefollowingsenten2.Airpressuredecreaseswithaltitu4.Accordingtoscientists,ittakesnature500yearstocre6.Courageinexcessbecomes7.Hebecomesextremelyexcmountains,waters,flowers,plants,fishesandbirds.B.Translatethefollowingpassages:ownhistory,orforwardintoit.Thateveningwhenyouwentfyourfaithfulfriend,thefriendfromwhomyonothing!Youwere,intruth,somewhatinclinedtohidefromhimtheparticularmatterwhichmonopolizedyourmindthatevening,butsomehowasyourfaithfulfriendwassympathewhisper:Myboy,sheissimplymiraculous!thedomainofliterature.象(提示),仅此而已(再多就办不到了)。我就试着给大家提供这么一个印#TitleofLesson:Cutting#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40minutesperperiod)e.g.Butit'sthewayIam,andtryasImighte.g.Beforehandinginyourtranslation,youhavetoreade.g.Fortwoweeks,hehadbeenD.CuttingthepronounincomparativesentE.Cutting“it”A)Cutting“it”asimpersonalpronounII.Cuttingconjun一离别不是件容易的事(离别真叫人难受),我们还是简短些吧。e.g.Ifwintercomes,cansprin一冬天来了，春天还会远吗?(雪莱《西风颂》)—早知如此我就不说了。e.g.Atlonglast,onJundecidedandHitlerlicked,the—1944年6月6日，欧洲战局基本已见分晓，希特勒败局已定，—夜晚11点，战役打响了。(比较：战役在夜晚11点打响。)—气压低，沸点就低。他妹妹是个(女)演员。thosewhohadnot.—报考大学的人，有工作经验的将优先录取。1.ButHumboldtnevertooktotheplentyoffoodanddrinkandalltheworkdoneforthembytheasHumboldtwasconcerned,theyonlydidhimonepositivestookhislettersandsawthattheywpresentlyhaditseffectonthem.Theytalkednotonlywithout3.Despitetheprivation,andthemountingtollofdeadandwou4.Shecurtseyedagain,andwouldhaveblusheddeeper,ifshecouldhaveblusheddeeperthanshehadblushedallthe6.Thesedevelopingcountriescovervastterritoriespopulationandaboundinnaturalresour7.TheministerwishednoWhoeverhasmadeavoyageuptheHudsonmustrememberthekaatskillMountains.Theyareadismemawaytothewestoftheriver,surroundingcountry.Everychangeofseason,everychanghouroftheday,producessomechangeinthemagicalhuesandshapesofthesemountains,andtheyareregardedbyallthegoodwivesfarandnearabarometers.Whentheweatherisfairandsettled,tandprinttheirboldoutlinesonthecleareveningsky;butsometimeswhenthelandscapeiscloudless,theywillgatherahoodofgrayvaporsaboutthewhich,inthelastraysoftheseAtthefootofthesefairymountains,thevoyagermayhavedescribedthelightsmokecurlingupfromavillagewhosesingle-roofsgleamamongthetreethebluetintsoftheuplandmeltawayintothefreshgreenofthenearerlandscape.Itisalittlevillageofgreatantiquity,havingbeenintheearlytimesoftheprovince,justaboutthebeginningofthegovernmentofthegoodPeterStuyvesant(mayherestinpeace!),andthereweresomeofthehousesoftheoriginalsettlersstandingwithinafewyears,builtofsmallyellowbricfromHolland,havinglatticedwi造的，格子窗，人字门墙(正面是山形墙),屋顶装着风向标(风信鸡)。#TitleofLesson:Repeating#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(Introducetothestudentsoneofthetranslatingmethods:repeating.Repeatingforthesakeofexplicit#DifficultTeachingThetranslationof“n.+substitute”与写作一样，本应精练；但为明确、强调和生动，往往需要将一些关键词加以重I.Forthesakeofexplicitness有些词在英语中无需重复，可是译成汉语就必须e.g.Gas,oilandelecA.RepetitionofNoune.g.JackkickedtheballtoHenryandHenrykickeditbacktoJack.—杰克把球踢给亨利，亨利又(把球)踢回给杰克。e.g.Strikingthroughtheneitherignorenorunde—有一个声音响了起来，刺穿了他对亲人的思念。这声音他既不能充耳不闻，又不能领会.....他不知这声音是什么,到底来自e.g.OurlabisinBuil—我们的实验室在四号楼，他们的实验室在主楼。e.g.Myroomislighterthan—我的屋子比隔壁的屋子亮。e.g.Ifyouneedanymoremoney,youmuse.g.ThebestwatchesarethosemadeinSwitzerland.—最好的表是e.g.“Ithoughttheactingwassplendid.”“SodidI” “我认为表演好极了。我也这样认为。”e.g.He'llcomeifhesaidso.—如果他说要来，他就会来。—新记录和新发明不断产生。B.RepetitionofVerbe.g.Isheafriendoranenemy?—他是—他们谈到他的家庭，(谈到)他的工作，还谈到他的前程。e.g.Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.—谁犯法，谁就该受到—你什么时候有空，就什么时候过来聊聊。*英语中常用some...andothers.../some...others结构，汉译时常用谓e.g.OnSundays,somereviewtheir一星期天，有的复习功课，有的去逛街。(星期天，复习功课的复习功课，逛街的逛街。)e.g.In1974,wegraduatedfrom—1974年，我们高中毕业。有的上大学去了，有的参军了，我则回村做了教师。II.Forthesakeofem为了强调，英语中往往重复关键词，以使读者加深印象。汉译时可以采用同样手段。A.英文中有重复的词，译文也重复同样的词e.g.Gentlemenmaycrypeace,peace,-butthereisnopeace.一先生们尽管高喊和平，和平，但是依然没有和平。closertovictory.”—“我们一天天逼近巴格达，我们一天天接近胜利。”e.g.Bloodmustatoneforblood.—血债要用血来还。e.g.Prominentamongthemostprominentuponthemostprominentbook—在最显眼的书架上最显眼的书籍中最显眼的要数12卷的不列颠百科全书了。B.英文中有重复的词，译文则使用不同的重复词e.g.Shewouldreadandre-readtheletter.—她会把那封信一遍又一遍地—他们的生意蒸蒸日上/越做越大/越做越红火。英语原文中即使没有词的重复，翻译时为使译文生动，有时也采用一些重复岁年年人不同、寻寻觅觅，凄凄惨惨戚戚等。还有一种迭词，如把清楚说成清清楚楚，明白说成明明白白等。英译汉时，可运用e.g.Eyeforeye,toothfore.g.Outofsight,outofmind.—眼不见，心不念。2.Watercanbedecomposedbyenergy,acurrentof5.Thespaceprobepassedwithin6,000milesofMarsandtransmittedbackto6.JohnismoreEnglishth7.Thatfellowisworsetwasnotfromsnobbery,atleastnotfromsnobberyofthemostdirtwoandahalfyearsCarterhadbeeninthearmyhehadcometohatandprivilegedinarmylife.Tenormoussandwichinonehand,andabottleofbeerintheother,sCarterhadbeenonthevergeofthrowinghisfoodintoacook'theservingline.Hisangecasualheavythumpoftheservingspoonintohisplate,ortheresentfulconvictionthatthecookwasnotservinghimenough.Simarriage,thisrageoverapparentlyharmlessdetailswasnotasignofunbalance.Everysoldierfoundsomeparticularhabitofthearmyspouseimp4.现在，雷达是一种常用的东西，利用雷达可以5.太空探测器在不到六千英里处飞过了火星，并把火星表面的一些照片发6.约翰是地地道道的英国人(约翰比英国人还象英国人)。7.那家伙坏得不能再坏了(坏透了)。8.书有种种，好坏不一。炊事兵越来越反感。对他来说，他们的存在是部队生活里一切腐败、专横、愚蠢和特权的象征。一想到炊事兵，脑子里就浮现出一个(脑子里浮现出来的炊事兵形象是个)肥头大耳的家伙，一手拿一大块三明治，一手拎一瓶啤酒，猪似的肥帮家伙，我可没那么多闲工夫!(利索点，小子，我可不想整天都耗在这儿!)”迹象，每个士兵都会在部队这个配偶(这另一半)身上发现某种叫人难以忍受的#TitleofLesson:Negat#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40minutesperperiod)一我没有得到这样一—第一批炸弹没有击e.g.Timeiswhatwewantmost,what,alas,manyuseworst.(ad.)e.g.Theplanisnotfinal.(a.)e.g.Whatyou'vesaidisaboveme.(prep.)—你说的我不懂。相对)—这个解释远不能令人满意。e.g.Morehaste,lessspeed.—欲速则不达。e.g.Hitler'sundisguisedefforttopersecutetheJewsmete.g.Don'tlosetimeinpostingthisletter.e.g.Students,withnoexception,aree.g.Inevergopasttheh—知识和实践越多越好。II.Affirmative/NegativeBothApplicablee.g.Thereisnotanyadvantagewithoutdisadvantage.population,whichmeaboth...note.g.Butyousee,webothcannotgo.1.Asaresult,manypeopleavoidedtheveryatte2.Itwillgenerallybefoundt4.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,heha7.Whenwereadwemayvisitthemostbeautifulp8.Thethoughtofreturningtohisnativelandneverdesertedhim.9.ItalsoincludesaltheBritishParliamentandofThatcher3.我才不想带着两个孩子，开车赶500英里的路。#TitleofLesson:Dividing&CombiningWeek#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(Introducetothestudentsthetranslatingmethodsofdividingandcombining.2)TranslationofLoTranslationoflongsentencese.g.ChairmanMaomighthavespokenwithunderstandableprideofhispolicyof“self-reliance”.(a.)—一眼就能看出，那家伙是头老狐狸。e.g.Amovieofhimleavingthefoxholewouldlooklikeashe—他离开掩体的动作要是拍成电影的话，会象出膛的子弹。e.g.Theirpowerincreasedwiththeirnumber.—他们人数增加了，实力也随之增强。e.g.AnotherGulfWarintheregionwouldc—如果海湾地区再次发生战争，势必使国际局势更加紧张。e.g.Hehadmadeseveralattemptstohelpt—他试过几次要帮他们逃出去，但都没有成功。e.g.Asauniversallyacceptedlaw,energycanneitherbec—能量既不能被创造也不能被毁灭，这是一条公认的规律。e.g.Thecookturnedpalee.g.Theyremarkednowhetookadifferentseatfromthatwhichoccupiedwhenhechosetoattenddi—往常做礼拜时，他总是坐在固定的座位上，可是那天他们发现他—她出生在中国北方一个沿海的小镇。—我们对她的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。II.TranslationofLongSentencese.g.InthespiritoffranknesswhichIhopewillcharacterizeourtalksweek,letusrecognizeattheoutsetthesepointhepastbeenenemies.Wehavegreatdifferencestoday.Whatbringsustogetheristhatwehavecommoninterestswhichtranscendthese—我希望我们在本周的会谈将会是坦率的。让我们本着这种坦率的passengerstotheirdeaths,hasb一白星公司的邮轮泰坦尼克号在1912年的处女航中因撞上冰山而requiredlabour,tensofthousandsofhomelessandhungryagriculturalsearchofwork,anywork,underanycondit—于是，就出现了这样的情况：正当新办的工厂纷纷成立、需要只要让他们活得下去就行(不让他们饿死就行)。—我们经常看到关于芝加哥街头枪战的惊险故事，却忘记了在一些e.g.Suddenlyheseesas 忽然他发现女主人露出一种奇怪的表情(脸色异常),两眼直愣e.g.Now,aroughstrategicbalancehasevolvedbetweenEastandWest.Morenationshavethetechnicalabilitytoproduceadvancedweapons.Manyothershaveamassedhuge—现在，东西方之间大体上已形成了战略均势。越来越多的国家拥time.”Richardson,whoservedasbothSHealth,EducationandWelfareduriconclusionlastweekaftersixyeawantedhimshotasaYankeespy,butthecoat,whohadseeminglydroppedf3.WereceivedthetrophyfromthehandsofthePresidentoftheRepublicofMexico,GustavoDiazOrdaz,andwegaveanOlympicmar4.ButwithoutAdolfHitler,whowaspossessedofademoniacpersonality,agranitewill,uncannyinstinctsuccess,beoverreachsituations,therealmostcertainlywouldneverhavebeen2.说不定他是来自外太空的生物也未可知哩。这家伙也不知是从哪儿凭空杯，然后在巨大的体育场内绕场一周。一路上五冷酷无情的心肠、非凡的智力、高超的想象力以及对人和局势惊人的判断力只是到了最后，他被权力和胜利冲昏了头脑，失去了这种判断#TitleofLesson:CohesionWeek#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40#TeachingObjectives:Brieflyintroducethemeansofachiev#DifficultTeachingLinkingbygrammatiunityratherthanacasualcombinatwithitseverypartlinkinguplogically,thetranslatormustgivehis/considerationtothecoherenceofthewholetext,firstlyintermsynonymous,antonymous,supplementary,part-and-wholeanddividedbyHolidayandHassawnintotwokinds:collocation(同现关系)andreiteration(复现关系).Thetranslatormustchoosetheproperwordintranslationwhichcanfaithfullyreflectitsrelationshipwithotherwordsint词汇衔接指通过词的重复、同义、反义、互补语义连贯。韩礼德和哈桑把词汇衔接关系分为两大类A.Collocation(同现关系)Themostcommonformofcollocationistheemploymentofwordchain-aseriesofwordswiththeirmeaningcloselyrelatingto在同现关系中，词汇链是一种常用的衔接手e.g.CaptainWeston,whohadbofthebargain,forwhenhiswifedied,afterathreeyears'marriage,hewasratherapoorermanthanatfirst,andwithach—许多人，尤其是邱吉尔夫妇，曾经认为魏斯吞上尉的婚姻是惊人言(例如makeagoodmatch应理解为找到好对象),这与全篇的B.Reiteration(复现关系)e.g.Duringalltheyearsoname,thatworldonwhichIknowon害，以及我对这个世界的仇恨表现得淋漓尽致。而译者却忽视词复现(它、天下),如此处理淡化了world的复现链接，这样一e.g.IreadhisProgressandPoverty,andwenttoameetingofHyndman'sMarxistDemocraticFederation,whereIroseandprotestedagainstitsdrawingaredherringacrossthetrailblazedbyGeorge.I—我看了他的《进步与贫穷》,又去参加海德门的马克思主义组seen,aflavortasted,a部分可以改译为：声音必须听到过，颜色必须看到过，滋味必须尝到worldandwhichbringstogetherinitsranks,initsforwardmarch,allpeoples2.Historianshavecalledourselves,ourvaluesandourimagepunitivelawsdesignedasmuchtoprovidecheaplaborfmorning,withaheadache,hewouldrailattheworldforitsneglegenius,andabuse,withagoreason,thefools,hisbro2.(Whenoneindividualinflictsdeathresults,wecallthedeedman-slaughter;whentheassailansocietyplaceshundredsofproletariansinsuchapositionthattheyinevitablymeetatooearlyandanunnviolenceasthatbytheswordorbullet;whenitdnecessariesoflife,placesthemunderconditionsinwhichtheycannotlivethousandsofvictimsmustperish,andyetpermitstheseconditionstoremain,itsdeedismurderjustassurelyasthedeedofthesingleindividual;disgnotseemwhatitis,becausenomanseesthemurderer,becausethedeathofthevictimseemsanaturalone,sincetheoffenceismoreoneofothatofcommission.(Butmurderitremains.)I.句子翻译1.他们知道，他们参加的运动正撼动着整个世界，并把渴望自由和正义的#TitleofLesson:CoherenceWeek#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40discourse,whichisoftenrealizedbytheconsistentthemesorpurposesoftheofcoherence,thereasonablearrangementofinformationandtheperceptionoftheI.MarksofCoherence(连贯标记)间的先后，故译文加上表示时间的逻辑连接词起初、现在，从而复制出availableeverywhere,coalwhichcanbeminedthroughautomaticand译1:塑料是由无处不在、取之不绝的自然资源译2:(两个)孩子穿上衣服，藏好装备，怀着悲伤和疑惑的心情离开了(树meaning,whichembodiestheintentionoWilly:Idon'tplaythatkindofgame!查理(收起牌，朝门口走):好吧!下次我带一付有五张A的牌来。查理(转身面对他):你不怕害臊!*(这句话译为：你也不害臊!/你害不害臊!/你怎么不知道害臊!似威利(朝着他的后影摔上门):没知识!greatestburstofenergyreleasedonepatient.Butwealsoknow,toourcost,thatheneveroverlooksamistake,or3.Britishnewspapers-allofthemsomeofthetime,andsomeofttime-behavebadlhurtfullyintopeople'sprivacy;andtheypublishinaccurate,sommade-upstories.Thevictimshav#TitleofLesson:DiscourseTranslation#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40BrieflyintroducetheprocessofdiscoursetranslatiⅡ.ProceduresofTranslationII.StepsofTranslatione.g.Returning,then,totheconsiderationorotherisitsgreatobject,andnnarroworfantastictype,as,forinstance,thatofan“Englishin.(人云亦云)2)WhetherthestylisticformistrulyThreeCriteria:accurate,concise,bea他比(班上其他任何一个同学)班上的同学都高e.g.Ihavesoughtlove,first,becauseitbringB.Impropercollocation搭配不当thenewlyinventedtelescopee.g.Quiteclearly,thethirtheiroldcliché-riddenimageofthatperiodcanhardlyapplytotheme.g.-Itappearsthatyou'vegottheofferofaverygoodjob.-Awonderfuljob.e.g.Hewasabouttoleavewhenhenofe.g.ThemostcomplexandenigmaticofGiacometti'sSurrealistworPalaceatFourA.M.,isasculpturalconstructseeminglyunrelatedobjectsplacedinafragileenthethinwoodenskeletalframeofthe“palace.”TitleofL