2024-2025学年北京市高三上学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1北京市2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。Itwasmyfirstdayofhighschool,anditwasmyfirstdayofschoolinanewcity.Therewasonlyonethingonmymind:whattowear.Agoodimageiseverything,soitwasimportantformeto1thepeoplewhoIwouldspendthenextfouryearswith.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Ithoughtabouthowconvenientitwouldbetoweartheschooluniform.Aftercarefullyselecting,Iemergedproudlyinapatterneddress.Anhourlater,Ifelt2asIsteppedoffthebusandheadedtowardroom1136.ButasIturnedthecornerintomyfirstclass,myjawdroppedtothefloor.SittingatherdeskwasMrs.Hutfilz,myEnglishteacher,3theexactsamedressasI.Ikeptmyheaddownandtiptoedtomyseat,butthefirstdaymeantintroductionsinfrontofthewholeclass,andsoonenoughitwasmy4.Imadeitthroughmyminutespeech,untilMrs.Hutfilzstoodup,jokinglyaddingthatshelikedmy5.AlthoughthiswasthemomentIhadbeenworryingfromthemomentIwalkedin,allthe6thathadincreasedsurprisinglymeltedaway;thestudentswhohadpreviouslybeenstaringattheirphones7theirheadsasIsharedmystory.MysmilegrewasIlaughedwithmypeers,endingmyspeechwith“AndIamverystylish,muchlikemyfirstperiod8.”Afterclass,IstayedbehindandtalkedtoMrs.Hutfilz,sharingmypreviousworryaboutcomingintoanewschoolandcity.Iwas9tomakeahumorousandgenuineconnectionwithmyfirstteacher,onethatwouldcontinuefortherestoftheyear.WhilemyfirstperiodofhighschoolmaynothavegoneexactlythewayIthoughtitwould,itcertainlymadetheday10inthebestway,andtaughtmethatMrs.Hutfilzhasanawesomesenseofstyle!1．A．impress B．surprise C．please D．encourage2．A．shy B．lucky C．free D．powerful3．A．preparing B．wearing C．hiding D．designing4．A．turn B．chance C．reward D．solution5．A．writing B．style C．speech D．voice6．A．happiness B．confidence C．boredom D．anxiety7．A．nodded B．buried C．raised D．touched8．A．neighbor B．peer C．teacher D．friend9．A．relieved B．nervous C．patient D．embarrassed10．A．unpredictable B．unforgettable C．unbearable D．unchangeable〖答案〗1．A2．D3．B4．A5．B6．D7．C8．C9．A10．B【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者上学的第一天和老师穿了一样的衣服，在作者感到尴尬时，老师用幽默的话语缓解了尴尬，给作者留下了难忘的记忆。【1题详析】句意：一个好的形象就是一切，所以对我来说，给那些和我一起度过接下来四年的人留下深刻印象是很重要的。impress使印象深刻；surprise使惊讶；please使快乐；encourage鼓励。根据上文“Agoodimageiseverything”可知，作者想留下深刻印象。故选A项。【2题详析】句意：一个小时后，当我下了车，朝1136房间走去时，我感到很有力量。shy害羞的；lucky幸运的；free自由的；powerful有力量的。根据上文“Aftercarefullyselecting,Iemergedproudlyinapatterneddress.”可知，作者感到很有力量。故选D项。【3题详析】句意：坐在她桌前的是我的英语老师胡菲尔兹夫人，她穿着和我一模一样的衣服。prepare准备；wear穿；hide躲藏；design设计。根据上文“whattowear”以及下文“theexactsamedressas”可知，作者和老师穿着一样的衣服。故选B项。【4题详析】句意：我低着头，踮着脚尖走到座位上，但第一天的课程意味着要在全班同学面前做自我介绍，很快就轮到我了。turn转动，轮流；chance机会；reward回报；

solution解决措施。根据下文“Imadeitthroughmyminutespeech”可知，轮到作者自我介绍了。故选A项。【5题详析】句意：我做了一分钟的演讲，直到哈菲尔茨夫人站起来，开玩笑地补充说她喜欢我的风格。writing写作；style风格；speech演讲；voice声音。作者和老师穿着同样一款衣服，所以老师开玩笑地说很喜欢作者的风格。故选B项。【6题详析】句意：虽然从我走进来的那一刻起，我就一直在担心，但所有增加的焦虑都令人惊讶地消失了。happiness幸福；confidence自信；boredom厌倦；anxiety焦虑。根据上文“worrying”可知，作者的焦虑增加了。故选D项。【7题详析】句意：当我分享我的故事时，之前一直盯着手机的学生都抬起了头。nod点头；bury埋葬；raise提高；touch触摸。根据上文“thestudentswhohadpreviouslybeenstaringattheirphones”可知，盯着手机看的同学在作者分享故事时抬起了头。故选C项。【8题详析】句意：当我和同学们一起大笑时，我的笑容越来越灿烂，最后以“而且我很时尚，很像我的第一节课的老师”结束了我的演讲。neighbor邻居；peer同辈人；teacher教师；friend朋友。根据上文“SittingatherdeskwasMrs.Hutfilz,myEnglishteacher”可知，这里指的是老师。故选C项。【9题详析】句意：我和我的第一位老师建立了一种幽默而真诚的联系，这让我松了一口气，这种联系在那一年剩下的时间里一直持续着。relieved放心的；nervous紧张的；patient耐心的；embarrassed尴尬的。根据下文“makeahumorousandgenuineconnectionwithmyfirstteacher”可知，作者和作者的第一位老师建立了一种幽默而真诚的联系，这让作者松了一口气，不那么焦虑了。故选A项。【10题详析】句意：虽然我的第一段高中生活可能并不完全像我想象的那样，但它确实以最好的方式让这一天难忘，并让我知道哈菲尔兹夫人有一种令人敬畏的时尚感!。unpredictable不可预测的；unforgettable难以忘记的；unbearable不可忍受的；unchangeable不变化的。根据上文可知，作者和老师穿着同样一款衣服，且老师很有幽默感以及下文“taughtmethatMrs.Hutfilzhasanawesomesenseofstyle!”可知，这一天很难忘。故选B项。第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给〖提示〗词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出〖提示〗词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AAnelderlycouplehasbecomestarsinthemarathoncommunity.11(win)atleast200medalsfromsportsmeetingsinthepasttenyears,theyareregardedasrolemodelsbymanypeople.Initially,thecouplestartedrunningjust12(improve)theirhealth.Later,theydecidedtochallengethemselvesandsignedupforamarathon.Thoughneitherofthemhadrunafullmarathonbefore,theymanagedtocompleteit.Theybelievenomatter13ageitis,themarathonspiritoffightingtotheendisessential.〖答案〗11．Havingwon12．toimprove13．What【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了一对老夫妇成为了马拉松界的明星。在过去的十年中，他们在运动会中赢得了至少200枚奖牌，被许多人视为榜样。讲述了他们的跑步经历。【11题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的十年中，他们在运动会中赢得了至少200枚奖牌，被许多人视为榜样。此处win在句中应用非谓语动词，且在谓语之前发生，用havingdone形式，首字母大写。故填Havingwon。【12题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：最初，这对夫妇开始跑步只是为了改善他们的健康。此处improve在句中作目的状语，用不定式。故填toimprove。【13题详析】考查状语从句。句意：他们相信，无论年龄多大，拼搏到底的马拉松精神都是必不可少的。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”应用nomatterwhat。故填what。BThehorse-faceskirt,ormamianquninChinese,isatraditionalChineseskirtthatdatesbacktotheSongDynasty.Traditionallyithastwopanels14(attach)toasinglewaistband,whichoverlapinfrontofthebodytoforma“skirtdoor”,likethehorse-facedefensesonancientcitywalls.Itprimarily15(represent)aChinesephilosophicalconceptthatharmonizesstrengthandgentleness.Theskirthasgonebeyondtimeandspacetobecomeafashionitemtoday.It16(prefer)byfansoftraditionalclothing,whohavecontinuedtodevelopit.〖答案〗14．attached15．represents16．ispreferred【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马面裙的历史以及受欢迎的情况。【14题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：传统上，它有两个嵌板连接在一条腰带上，它们在身体前面重叠形成一个“裙门”，就像古代城墙上的马面防御一样。此处attach与panels构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填attached。【15题详析】考查时态。句意：它主要代表了一种中国哲学观念，即和谐的力量和温柔。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为It，谓语用三单形式。故填represents。【16题详析】考查时态语态。句意：它受到传统服装爱好者的青睐，他们一直在继续发展它。主语It与谓语构成被动关系，根据语境可知陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填ispreferred。CItcanbehardnottoletnegativitygointoyourday,especiallyduring17(stress)periodsoflife.Abitofoptimismmakesyoubecomebetterandemotionally18(healthy)inthelongterm.Anoptimisticpersonisalwayslookingforthebestinanysituationandexpectingthatgoodthings19(happen).Butbeingoptimisticdoesn’tmeanyougointodenialandpretendeverythingisfinewhenit’snot.Itisaparticularstateofmind20youhopeforthebestbutpreparefortheworst.〖答案〗17．stressful18．healthier19．willhappen20．Where【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了从长远来看，一点点乐观会让你变得更好，情绪更健康。一个乐观的人总是在任何情况下寻找最好的，并期待好事会发生。但乐观并不意味着你要否认一切，假装一切都很好，但事实并非如此。这是一种特殊的心态，你抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。【17题详析】考查形容词。句意：不让消极情绪进入你的生活是很难的，尤其是在生活压力很大的时候。修饰名词periods应用形容词stressful。故填stressful。【18题详析】考查比较级。句意：从长远来看，一点点乐观会让你变得更好，情绪更健康。根据上文“becomebetter”可知为比较关系，应用比较级。故填healthier。【19题详析】考查时态。句意：一个乐观的人总是在任何情况下寻找最好的，并期待好事会发生。此处从句表示将来的动作，应用一般将来时。故填willhappen。【20题详析】考查定语从句。句意：这是一种特殊的心态，你抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。定语从句修饰先行词stateofmind，在从句作地点状语，故用where。故填where。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AManythingscometomindwhenIthinkofagreatvacation.Impressivesceneryanddeliciousfoodarecertainlyonmylist.Thosetwofeaturescan’talwaysbefoundinthesamelocation.However,amazingviewsandgreatfoodarebothonthemenuatthefollowingthreerestaurants.TheRock.ZanzibarOnanenormousstoneoffthecoastoftheEastAfricanislandofZanzibarsitsTheRock.Thefreshestseafood,muchofitstraightfromthesurroundingocean,isalwaysavailablehere.Freshlobster,prawns,octopussaladandcalamariarejustafewoftheappetizingdiningoptions.Atlowtide,customerscanwalkouttoTheRock.Asthewaterrises,though,customersmusttakeashortboatridetoit.Oncetheyarrive,they’regreetedbyfriendlystaffand360-degreeviewsofbeautifulblue-greenwater.TheRock,sometimescalledthe“floatingrestaurant,”isavailableforweddingsandothersmallgroupevents.TheLabasinWaterfallsRestaurant,PhilippinesStunningwaterfallssometimeshaverestaurantsatthetop.ButtheLabasinWaterfalls,inSanPabloCity,Philippines,aredifferent.Arestaurantsitsatthebottomofthesefalls.GuestsdineonauthenticFilipinomealsatbambootablesthatstandrightinthewater.Theycooltheirfeetinthewaterthatflowsundertheirtables.Thesurroundingjunglemakesaperfectbackgroundforthisone-of-a-kinddiningexperience.TheGrotto,ThailandTheGrottoRestaurantonThailand’sPhraNangBeachoffersdeliciousfoodandanincrediblediningexperience.Therestaurantispartlypositionedinsideacaveandpartlyonthebeach.GuestsseatedtowardthefrontlookoutatHappyIslandinthelovelyAndamanSea.Thoseseatedatthebackenjoyanauthenticcave-diningexperience.Comfortabletablesarearrangedinsidethecave.InternationalfoodwithaThaiinfluenceisfeatured.Foryournexttravel-and-diningadventure,whynotmakeareservationatoneoftheseuniquerestaurants?21．WhatdoweknowaboutTheRock?A．Itislocatedonanenormousship.B．Itissuitableforholdingaweddingcelebration.C．Customerscanwalkouttotherestaurantallthetime.D．Thetablesstandrightinthebeautifulblue-greenwater.22．Whatdothethreerestaurantshaveincommon?A．Customerscanenjoythebeautifulviewsofthesea.B．Shortboatridesareneededtogettotheserestaurants.C．Theyofferthefreshestseafoodfromthesurroundingocean.D．Theyintegratedeliciousfoodwithincrediblediningexperiences.23．Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A．Tocallonreaderstovisittheuniquerestaurants.B．Topresentavailablerestaurantsforreaderstoworkin.C．Tointroducethedeliciousfoodofferedintherestaurants.D．Toremindpeopletotakeabreakfromthebusyschedules.〖答案〗21．B22．D23．A【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了三家既有美味的食物也有美丽的风景的三家餐馆。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“TheRock,sometimescalledthe“floatingrestaurant,”isavailableforweddingsandothersmallgroupevents.(岩石，有时被称为“浮动餐厅”，可用于婚礼和其他小组活动。)”可知，此处适合举行婚礼。故选B。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“However,amazingviewsandgreatfoodarebothonthemenuatthefollowingthreerestaurants.(然而，以下三家餐厅的菜单上都有迷人的景色和美味的食物。)”可知，这三家餐馆的共同之处就是既有迷人的景色也有美味的食物。故选D。【23题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Foryournexttravel-and-diningadventure,whynotmakeareservationatoneoftheseuniquerestaurants?(对于你的下一次旅行和用餐的冒险，为什么不预订一个这些独特的餐厅呢？)”可知，这篇文章的目的号召读者们去拜访这三家餐馆。故选A。BWhenIwasnamedCEOofaglobalcompanyin2006,Iwasdeterminedtorunthecompanysothatitwouldbothdelivergoodshort-termperformanceandthriveinthelongterm,yearsafterIwasgone.Itwasalreadyingoodshape,butIdreamedofcreatingadefiningcorporationofthe21stcentury,proudofitsroot,yetglobalandresponsibleintheshiftingtimes.Formonths,IquietlyreadallIcouldaboutthebigsocialtrendsinfluencingbusiness.Iwalkedthemarket,andexaminedemployees’feedback.Ialsodugdeepintotheobligationsofpubliccorporations.Fromallofthisemergedavisionforthecompanythatguidedusforthenextdozenyearsorso.Icalledit“PerformancewithPurpose”.Thegoalwastodelivergreatfinancialreturns,aswealwayshad,withthreeadditionalclearobjects:tonourishhumanityandthecommunities,toprotectourenvironmentandtocherishourpeople.Mymotivationwaswhollyto“futureproof”,orde-risk.Anditworked.Inmy12yearsasCEO,totalshareholderreturnwas149%,andnetprofitjumped80%.Wecutthesalt,fat,andsugarinsodaandchips,addedmorehealthfulbrandsandproducts,andloweredtheamountofwaterneeded.Wekeptinnovationgoingandourdesignstudioswonmanyawards.OurtalentacademywassobrilliantthatnineseniormanagerslefttotakeCEOjobselsewhere.Ibelievethatleadersmustthinkfromthefutureback,evenwhenthingsaregoingfine.Andwenowhaveaframeworktohelp:theevolvingtemplates(模板)forenvironmental,social,andgovernancemetrics(ESG衡量标准)that,inessence,servetode-riskcompaniesandmarkets.Thesecriteriaforcediscussionofhardtruthsforanyonewiththeambitiontostayrelevantinthelongterm.Ifthemetricsarecarefullyselected,ESGisnotcontrarytoinvestors’interests.Importantly,de-riskingthecompanyactuallycreatesshareholdervalue.“PerformancewithPurpose”presentedtoughmomentsforme,includingwhenoneinvestorquestioned,“Whodoyouthinkyouare?Aphilanthropist(慈善家)?”Butskepticismfadedwhenacollectivemissiontookholdthatincludedboththebottomlineandmuchbeyond.Thiswasmyhopefromthestart.24．Theauthor’snewvisionforthecompanycamefrom_________.A．itsuniqueculturalroot B．herthoroughresearchC．customers’fundamentalneeds D．shareholders’strongrequirements25．Accordingto“PerformancewithPurpose”,anidealcompanyshould_________.A．shiftitsstrategiesproperly B．valueemployees’feedbackC．shouldersocialresponsibility D．prioritizefinancialreturns26．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Therisksacompanymayface. B．Theauthor’sambitiontocreatevalue.C．Theinterestsinvestorsseekafter. D．Theauthor’srecipeforsuccessfulbusiness.27．AsCEO,theauthorcanbebestdescribedas_________.A．inspiringandwarm-hearted B．determinedandfar-sightedC．ambitiousandgenerous D．modestandstrategic〖答案〗24．B25．C26．D27．B【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文，作者于2006年成为一家全球公司的CEO时，决心让公司在短期内取得佳绩，并在作者离开后依然长期繁荣。作者提出“绩效与目的”的愿景，旨在实现财务成功的同时，关注社会责任、环境保护和员工发展。【24题详析】推理判断题。由文章第二段“Formonths,IquietlyreadallIcouldaboutthebigsocialtrendsinfluencingbusiness.Iwalkedthemarket,andexaminedemployees’feedback.Ialsodugdeepintotheobligationsofpubliccorporations.Fromallofthisemergedavisionforthecompanythatguidedusforthenextdozenyearsorso.Icalledit“PerformancewithPurpose”.Thegoalwastodelivergreatfinancialreturns,aswealwayshad,withthreeadditionalclearobjects:tonourishhumanityandthecommunities,toprotectourenvironmentandtocherishourpeople.(几个月来，我静静地阅读了所有影响商业的重大社会趋势。我在市场里走了一圈，查看了员工的反馈。我还深入研究了公共企业的义务。从这一切中，我们看到了公司未来十几年的发展方向。我称之为“有目的的表现”。我们的目标是提供巨大的经济回报，就像我们一直做的那样，同时还有三个明确的目标：滋养人类和社区，保护我们的环境，珍惜我们的人民。)”可知，作者进行了大量的研究工作，包括阅读有关影响商业的重大社会趋势的资料、考察市场以及深入研究公共公司的义务，基于这些研究形成了新的公司愿景。故选B项。【25题详析】推理判断题。由文章第二段“Icalledit“PerformancewithPurpose”.Thegoalwastodelivergreatfinancialreturns,aswealwayshad,withthreeadditionalclearobjects:tonourishhumanityandthecommunities,toprotectourenvironmentandtocherishourpeople.(我称之为“有目的的表现”。我们的目标是提供巨大的经济回报，就像我们一直做的那样，同时还有三个明确的目标：滋养人类和社区，保护我们的环境，珍惜我们的人民。)”可知，一个理想的公司应该承担社会责任。故选C项。【26题详析】主旨大意题。由文章第四段“Ibelievethatleadersmustthinkfromthefutureback,evenwhenthingsaregoingfine.Andwenowhaveaframeworktohelp:theevolvingtemplates(模板)forenvironmental,social,andgovernancemetrics(ESG衡量标准)that,inessence,servetode-riskcompaniesandmarkets.Thesecriteriaforcediscussionofhardtruthsforanyonewiththeambitiontostayrelevantinthelongterm.Ifthemetricsarecarefullyselected,ESGisnotcontrarytoinvestors’interests.Importantly,de-riskingthecompanyactuallycreatesshareholdervalue.(我认为，领导者必须从未来的角度考虑问题，即使事情进展顺利。我们现在有了一个可以提供帮助的框架：不断发展的环境、社会和治理指标模板（ESG衡量标准），从本质上讲，这些模板有助于企业和市场降低风险。这些标准迫使任何有志于长期保持相关性的人讨论残酷的事实。如果这些指标经过精心挑选，ESG并不会违背投资者的利益。重要的是，降低公司风险实际上创造了股东价值。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了作者如何通过ESG衡量标准来为公司“去风险”，这是作者成功经商的秘诀。故选D项。【27题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“WhenIwasnamedCEOofaglobalcompanyin2006,Iwasdeterminedtorunthecompanysothatitwouldbothdelivergoodshort-termperformanceandthriveinthelongterm,yearsafterIwasgone.

Itwasalreadyingoodshape,butIdreamedofcreatingadefiningcorporationofthe21stcentury,proudofitsroot,yetglobalandresponsibleintheshiftingtimes.(2006年，当我被任命为一家跨国公司的首席执行官时，我决心管理这家公司，让它在我离开多年后，既能提供良好的短期业绩，又能保持长期繁荣。它已经处于良好的状态，但我梦想着创建一个21世纪的标志性公司，为自己的根源感到自豪，同时在不断变化的时代具有全球性和责任感。)”可知，作者作为CEO，不仅决心要让公司在短期内表现良好，还致力于长期发展，提出了前瞻性的“PerformancewithPurpose”愿景，并成功实施，使公司在经济、社会和环境等多方面取得显著成效。这表明作者既坚定又具有远见卓识。故选B项。CCreativityiscommonlythoughtofasapersonalitytraitthatresideswithintheindividual.Wecountoncreativepeopletoproducethesongs,movies,andbookswelove,toinventthenewgadgetsthatcanchangeourlives,andtodiscoverthenewscientifictheoriesandphilosophiesthatcanchangethewayweviewtheworld.Overthepastseveralyears,however,socialpsychologistshavediscoveredthatcreativityisnotonlyacharacteristicoftheindividual,butmayalsochangedependingonthesituationandcontext.Thequestion,ofcourse,iswhatthosesituationsare:whatmakesusmorecreativeattimesandlesscreativeatothers?Oneanswerispsychologicaldistance.AccordingtotheConstrualLevelTheory(CLT)ofpsychologicaldistance,anythingthatwedonotexperienceasoccurringnow,here,andtoourselvesfallsintothe“psychologicallydistant”category.It'salsopossibletoinduceastateof“psychologicaldistance”simplybychangingthewaywethinkaboutaparticularproblem,suchasattemptingtotakeanotherperson’sperspective,orbythinkingofthequestionasifitwereunrealandunlikely.Inthisnewpaper,byLileJiaandcolleaguesatIndianaUniversity,scientistshavedemonstratedthatincreasingpsychologicaldistancesothataproblemfeelsfartherawaycanactuallyincreasecreativity.Whydoespsychologicaldistanceincreasecreativity?AccordingtoCLT,psychologicaldistanceaffectsthewaywementallyrepresentthings,sothatdistantthingsarerepresentedinarelativelyabstractwaywhilepsychologicallynearthingsseemmoreconcrete.Consider,forinstance,acornplant.Aconcreterepresentationwouldrefertotheshape,color,taste,andsmelloftheplant,andconnecttheitemtoitsmostcommonuse—afoodproduct.Anabstractrepresentation,ontheotherhand,mightrefertothecornplantasasourceofenergyorasafast-growingplant.Thesemoreabstractthoughtsmightleadustocontemplateother,lesscommonusesforcorn,suchasasourceforethanol,ortousetheplanttocreatemazesforchildren.Whatthisexampledemonstratesishowabstractthinkingmakesiteasierforpeopletoformsurprisingconnectionsbetweenseeminglyunrelatedconcepts,suchasfast-growingplants(corn)andfuelforcars(ethanol).Inthismostrecentstudy,Jiaexaminedtheeffectofspatialdistanceoncreativity.Participantsperformedacreativegenerationtask,inwhichtheywereaskedtolistasmanydifferentmodesoftransportationaspossible.ThistaskwasintroducedashavingbeendevelopedeitherbyIndianaUniversitystudentsstudyinginGreece(distantcondition)orbyIndianaUniversitystudentsstudyinginIndiana(nearcondition).Aspredicated,participantsinthedistantconditiongeneratedmorenumerousandoriginalmodesoftransportationthanparticipantsinthenearcondition.28．Whatcanwelearnaboutpsychologicaldistance?A．Itbringsmoreabstractconceptsintoourmind.B．Itbuildsuncommonconnectionsinourmind.C．Itenablesustoknowmoreusesofcommonthings.D．Itmakesproblemseasiertobesolved.29．WhichofthefollowingistrueofspatialdistanceaccordingtoJia’sstudy?A．Distantconditionisrelatedtopeople’screativeability.B．ItmakesstudentsinIndianalistmoremodesoftransportation.C．Itenablespeopletogeneratemoreabstractideas.D．Ithelpsonetotakeanotherperson’sperspective.30．Whichwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．FormationofAbstractThoughts B．FormationofConnectionsamongConceptsC．WaystoCreatePsychologicalDistance D．AnEasyApproachtoPromoteCreativity〖答案〗28．A29．A30．D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了心理距离和空间距离对创造力的影响。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“AccordingtoCLT,psychologicaldistanceaffectsthewaywementallyrepresentthings,sothatdistantthingsarerepresentedinarelativelyabstractwaywhilepsychologicallynearthingsseemmoreconcrete.”（根据CLT，心理距离影响我们在心理上表征事物的方式，所以距离远的事物以相对抽象的方式表征，而心理上近的事物似乎更具体。）可推知，心理距离会带来更多抽象的概念。故选A。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Aspredicated,participantsinthedistantconditiongeneratedmorenumerousandoriginalmodesoftransportationthanparticipantsinthenearcondition.”（如预测的那样，处于远距离条件的参与者比处于近距离条件的参与者产生了更多的、原创的交通方式。）可推知，空间距离与人们的创造力有关。故选A。【30题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Whydoespsychologicaldistanceincreasecreativity?”（为什么心理距离能增加创造力？）以及第四段“Inthismostrecentstudy,Jiaexaminedtheeffectofspatialdistanceoncreativity.”（在最近的研究中，贾研究了空间距离对创造力的影响。）可知，本文主要讲述了心理距离和空间距离对创造力的影响。因此最佳标题应该是“AnEasyApproachtoPromoteCreativity”（一种简单的提升创造力的方法）。故选D。DInrecentyearsAmericansocietyhasbecomeincreasinglydependentonitsuniversitiestofindsolutionstoitsmajorproblems.Itistheuniversitiesthathavebeenchargedwiththeprincipalresponsibilityfordevelopingtheexpertisetoplacemenonthemoon;fordealingwithoururbanproblemsandwithourdeterioratingenvironment;fordevelopingthemeanstofeedtheworld’srapidlyincreasingpopulation.Theeffortinvolvedinmeetingthesedemandspresentsitsownproblems.Inaddition,thisconcentrationonthecreationofnewknowledgesignificantlyimpactsontheuniversities’effortstoperformtheirotherprincipalfunctions,thetransmissionandinterpretationofknowledge—theimparting(传授)oftheheritageofthepastandthepreparingofthenextgenerationtocarryitforward.Withregardtothis,perhapstheirmosttraditionallyacknowledgedtask,collegesanduniversitiestodayfindthemselvesinaseriousbindgenerally.Ontheonehand,thereistheAmericancommitment,enteredintoespeciallysinceWorldWarII,toprovidehighereducationforallyoungpeoplewhocanprofitfromit.Theresultofthecommitmenthasbeenadramaticriseinenrollmentsinouruniversities,coupledwitharadical(激进的)shiftfromtheprivatetothepublicsectorofhighereducation.Ontheotherhand,thereareseriousandcontinuinglimitationsontheresourcesavailableforhighereducation.Whilehighereducationhasbecomeagreat“growthindustry”,itisalsosimultaneouslyatremendousdrainontheresourcesofnation.Withthevastincreaseinenrollmentandtheshiftinprioritiesawayfromeducationinstateandfederalbudgets,thereisinmostofourpublicinstitutionsasignificantdecreaseinpercapita(人均)outlayfortheirstudents.Onecrucialaspectofthisdrainonresourcesliesinthepersistentshortageoftrainedfaculty,whichhasled,inturn,toadecliningstandardofcompetenceininstruction.Intensifyingthesedifficultiesis,asindicatedabove,theconcernwithresearch,withitscompetingclaimsonresourcesandtheattentionofthefaculty.Inaddition,thereisastrongtendencyfortheinstitutions’organizationandfunctioningtofulfillthedemandsofresearchratherthanthoseofteaching.31．Accordingtothepassage,________shouldbethemostimportantfunctionofinstitutionsofhighereducation.A．creatingnewknowledgeB．providingsolutionstosocialproblemsC．makingexpertsonsophisticatedindustriesoutoftheirstudentsD．preparingtheirstudentstotransmitinheritedknowledge32．InAmericanuniversities,thereisacontradiction(矛盾)between________.A．morestudentsandlessinvestment B．educationqualityandeconomicprofitC．lowenrollmentrateandhighdropoutrate D．privateownershipandAmericancommitment33．WhichisTrueaboutAmericanuniversities?A．Mostteachersaredevotedtoimprovingtheircompetenceininstruction.B．Researchoccupiesmoreresourcesandteachers’attentionthanteaching.C．Theinstitutions’organizationtendstomeetthedemandsofteaching.D．Thelackoftrainedfacultyleadstothedeclineinthequalityofresearches.34．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A．highqualityattractsstudentstostayinpublicuniversitiesB．theAmericancommitmentistoblameforallthedifficultiesC．highereducationusedtohaveapriorityingovernmentbudgetsD．theincreasingexpensesforeachstudentdrainthenationalresources〖答案〗31．D32．A33．B34．C【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。作者就美国大学现在存在的问题进行了论述，作者从美国社会越来越依赖大学谈起，探讨了现在美国大学的尴尬局面，科研和教学无法兼顾，美国大学到底是要科研还是要教学？【31题详析】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Inaddition,thisconcentrationonthecreationofnewknowledgesignificantlyimpactsontheuniversities’effortstoperformtheirotherprincipalfunctions,thetransmissionandinterpretationofknowledge—theimparting(传授)oftheheritageofthepastandthepreparingofthenextgenerationtocarryitforward.(此外，这种专注于创造新知识的做法，对大学履行其他主要职能、传播和解释知识——传授过去的遗产以及为下一代继承遗产做准备的努力产生了重大影响)”可知，高等教育的主要任务是知识的传承与解释——对过去遗产的传播和教育年青一代并将其发扬，D项“储备学生去传输遗产历史知识”与作者的观点一致。故选D项。【32题详析】细节理解题。由第二段“Withregardtothis,perhapstheirmosttraditionallyacknowledgedtask,collegesanduniversitiestodayfindthemselvesinaseriousbindgenerally.Ontheonehand,thereistheAmericancommitment,enteredintoespeciallysinceWorldWarII,toprovidehighereducationforallyoungpeoplewhocanprofitfromit.Theresultofthecommitmenthasbeenadramaticriseinenrollmentsinouruniversities,coupledwitharadical(激进的)shiftfromtheprivatetothepublicsectorofhighereducation.Ontheotherhand,thereareseriousandcontinuinglimitationsontheresourcesavailableforhighereducation.(关于这一点，也许是他们最传统的公认任务，今天的学院和大学普遍发现自己陷入了严重的困境。一方面，美国承诺为所有能从中获益的年轻人提供高等教育，这一承诺尤其是自二战以来达成的。这一承诺的结果是，我们大学的入学人数大幅增加，同时高等教育从私立部门向公立部门发生了根本性转变。另一方面，高等教育可用的资源仍然存在着严重和持久的局限性)”可知，目前很多美国大学和学院常常处于一种尴尬的境地就是学生越来越多，但高等教育可用资源有限，即A项“更多的学生和更少的投入”。故选A项。【33题详析】细节理解题。由最后一段“Intensifyingthesedifficultiesis,asindicatedabove,theconcernwithresearch,withitscompetingclaimsonresourcesandtheattentionofthefaculty.Inaddition,thereisastrongtendencyfortheinstitutions’organizationandfunctioningtofulfillthedemandsofresearchratherthanthoseofteaching.(如上所述，加剧这些困难是因为对研究的担忧，因为研究对资源的要求相互矛盾，并引起了教员的关注。此外，大学的组织机构和功能存在着强烈的倾向性，即满足科研而不是满足教育的需要)”可知，就美国大学和学院而言，研究比教学占用更多的资源和教师的注意力。故选B项。【34题详析】推理判断题。由第三段中的“Withthevastincreaseinenrollmentandtheshiftinprioritiesawayfromeducationinstateandfederalbudgets,thereisinmostofourpublicinstitutionsasignificantdecreaseinpercapita(人均)outlayfortheirstudents.(随着入学率的大幅度提高和国家与各州不再给高等教育以财政上的优先权，公立大学花在每个大学生身上的钱已经明显下降)”可知，现在国家与各州不再给高等教育以财政上的优先权，说明以前高等教育在国家和各州的财政上是有优先权的。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。Wanttowritebetter?There’sanewbookthatsayssimplewritingisbest.Doyoucheckyourtextmessagesbeforesending?35Ifnot,youmightprefergettingthingsdonefast,evenifthey’renotperfect.Thisbookarguesthatit’simportanttowritecarefully,even