2023-2024学年山东省济南市高一上学期学情检测英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省济南市2023-2024学年高一上学期学情检测英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AVolunteerTeachersinMalawiWho※Teachersortrainee(实习)teachersofanysubjectatanylevel,althoughwewillalsoconsiderpeopleofotherjobswhohavebeeneducatedtodegreelevel.※From23yearsoldwithatleastoneyear’steachingexperience.WorkingPeriodAnyperiodofstayispossible,althoughweencourageatleastfourweeks.ProjectsKapandaCommunityDaySecondarySchool※A30-minutebicycleridefromMwayaBeach;※Fourschoolyears,includingForms1to4;※Typicalagesare14to19yearsold;※Eachclasshasabout50studentswithitsownclassroom;※AllsubjectsaretaughtinEnglish.MwayaPrimarySchoolPrimaryschoolsinMwayaarefreeandopentoall.Assecondaryeducationishighlycompetitiveandexpensive,thisisoftentheonlyeducationstudentsinpoorareasreceive.※A10-minutewalkfromMwayaBeach;※About1,200pupils;※Eightschoolyears,includingStandards1to8;※Typicalagesare5to15years;※Classsizesarefrom100to150;※LessonsaretaughtinEnglishfromStandard5upwards,whichcanbedifficultforvolunteerswithstudentswhoarejustlearningtospeak,writeandunderstandEnglish.PleasenotethatvolunteersarenottheretotakethejobsofMalawianteachersandgivelessons,buttheyaretheretohelpthelocalteachersandstudents.HowtoApplyPleasegoto,andcompletetheonlineformifyouareinterestedinbecomingavolunteerteacher.1.Whatisrequiredofthevolunteerteachers?A.AnEnglishEducationdegree. B.Oneyear’svolunteerexperience.C.Stayingforoverfourweeks. D.Beingatleast23yearsold.2.HowisthePrimarySchooldifferentfromtheSecondarySchool?A.ItisfarawayfromMwayaBeach. B.Itdoesn’tofferEnglishclasses.C.Itdoesn’thavebigclasses. D.Itseducationiseasyforthepoortoget.3.Whatarevolunteersexpectedtodo?A.Givelessonstolocalstudents. B.Actashelperstolocalteachers.C.Helpwiththeteachertraining. D.Takethejoboflocalteachers.〖答案〗1.D2.D3.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，是一则招聘去马拉维的志愿者老师的启事。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据“Who”下面的“From23yearsoldwithatleastoneyear’steachingexperience.(23岁以上，至少有一年的教学经验。)”可知，志愿者老师的年龄至少要23岁。故选D。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据“MwayaPrimarySchool”下面的“PrimaryschoolsinMwayaarefreeandopentoall.Assecondaryeducationishighlycompetitiveandexpensive,thisisoftentheonlyeducationstudentsinpoorareasreceive.(Mwaya的小学是免费的，对所有人开放。由于中等教育竞争激烈且费用高昂，这往往是贫困地区学生接受的唯一教育。)”可知，Mwaya的小学对所有人免费，这往往是贫困地区学生能够接受的唯一教育，而中学竞争激烈且费用昂贵，所以二者的不同就在于：小学教育能够让穷人容易得到。故选D。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据文中倒数第二段的“PleasenotethatvolunteersarenottheretotakethejobsofMalawianteachersandgivelessons,buttheyaretheretohelpthelocalteachersandstudents.(请注意，志愿者不是来承担马拉维教师的工作和授课的，而是来帮助当地教师和学生的。)”可知，志愿者来这里是帮助当地教师和学生的，即充当当地教师的助手。故选B。BIamsittingatthetableinmyfavoriteBostonbookstore-café,laptopopen,writing.TenminutesagoIorderedcoffee.Theserver—ayoung,dark-hairedwomanwithabroadsmileandglasses—stoppedandquietlysaid,“IjustwanttotellyouhowmuchyourTEDtalkmeanttome,youhelpedmefindoutwhatIreallywantedtodowithmylife—gotomedicalschool—andthenyouhelpedmedowhatIneededtodotogetthere.Thankyou.”Tearsinmyeyes,Iasked,“What’syourname?”“Fetaine,”shesaid.ThenwetalkedforthenexttenminutesaboutFetaine’schallengesinthepastandnew-foundexcitementaboutherfuture.Everyonewhocommunicateswithmeisspecialandmemorable,butthiskindofcommunicationhappensfarmoreoftenthanI’deverhaveexpected:astrangerwarmlygreetsme,sharesapersonalstoryabouthowtheysuccessfullydealtwithdifficulties,andthensimplythanksmeformypartinit.Theyarewomenandmen,oldandyoung,poorandwealthy.Butsomethingconnectsthem:allhavefeltpowerlessinthefaceofgreatpressureandanxiety(焦虑),andalldiscoveredaquitesimplewaytofreethemselvesfromthatfeelingofpowerlessness.Formostwriters,thebookcomesfirst,thentheresponses.Forme,itwastheotherwayaround.First,IperformedexperimentsthatledtoatalkIgaveattheTEDGlobalconferencein2012.Inthattalk,Idiscussedsomeinterestingfindingsabouthowwecanquicklyincreaseourconfidenceanddecrease(减轻)ouranxietyinchallengingsituations.IalsosharedmyowntroublesandhowIlearnedtobecomemoreconfident.Soonafterthetwenty-one-minutevideoofthetalkwaspostedontheInternet,Ibeganhearingfrompeoplewhohadseenit.Ofcourse,watchingmytalkdidn’tmagicallygiveFetainetheknowledgesheneededtodowellonMedicalCollegeAdmissionTest.Butitmayhavehelpedhergetoutofthefearthatcouldhavepreventedherfromexpressingthethingssheknew.4.WhathappenedintheBostonbookstore-café?A.Thewriterwaitedtenminutesforhercoffee.B.Thewritercameacrossafriendofhers.C.Awaitressexpressedherthankstothewriter.D.AwaitressencouragedthewritertogiveaTEDtalk.5.Whatdothosepeoplewhocommunicatewiththewriterhaveincommon?A.Theyoncefacedproblemsandfelthelpless.B.Theysharedpersonalstoriesaboutstrangers.C.Theywerefamousbutundergreatpressure.D.Theywereafraidtocommunicatewithothers.6.Whatmaybethethemeofthewriter’stalkin2012?A.Howtoincreaseconfidence. B.Howtoperformmeaningfulexperiments.C.Howtoovercomeanxietyinatalk. D.Howtofindinterestingthingsinlife.7.HowdidthewriterinfluenceFetaineinthewriter’seyes?A.ShegaveFetainepowertolooktothefuture.B.ShehelpedFetainewithherknowledge.C.SheadvisedFetainetogotomedicalschool.D.ShehelpedFetainetogetagoodjob.〖答案〗4.C5.A6.A7.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者的TED演讲视频帮助了许多在生活中面临着压力和焦虑的人。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theserver—ayoung,dark-hairedwomanwithabroadsmileandglasses—stoppedandquietlysaid,‘IjustwanttotellyouhowmuchyourTEDtalkmeanttome,youhelpedmefindoutwhatIreallywantedtodowithmylife—gotomedicalschool—andthenyouhelpedmedowhatIneededtodotogetthere.Thankyou.’(服务员——一个年轻的黑发女人，脸上挂着灿烂的笑容，戴着眼镜——停了下来，平静地说：‘我只想对你说你的TED演讲对我来说有多重要，你帮我找到了我一生中真正想做的事情——上医学院——然后你帮我做了我到那一步所需要做的事情。谢谢你。’)”可知，在波士顿书店咖啡馆中，一位女服务员向作者表达了感谢，作者的TED演讲对她产生了重大影响。故选C。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Butsomethingconnectsthem:allhavefeltpowerlessinthefaceofgreatpressureandanxiety(焦虑),andalldiscoveredaquitesimplewaytofreethemselvesfromthatfeelingofpowerlessness.(但是他们之间有某种联系：所有人在面对巨大的压力和焦虑时都感到无能为力，并且都发现了一种非常简单的方法来将自己从那种无能为力的感觉中解放出来。)”可知，所有和作者进行交流的人都有一个共同点：他们都曾遇到过问题并且感觉无能为力。故选A。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Inthattalk,Idiscussedsomeinterestingfindingsabouthowwecanquicklyincreaseourconfidenceanddecrease(减轻)ouranxietyinchallengingsituations.(在那次演讲中，我讨论了一些有趣的发现，即我们如何在充满挑战的情况下快速增加信心和减少焦虑。)”可知，作者在2012年的演讲中讨论的是我们如何在充满挑战的情况下快速增加信心和减少焦虑。故选A。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ofcourse,watchingmytalkdidn’tmagicallygiveFetainetheknowledgesheneededtodowellonMedicalCollegeAdmissionTest.Butitmayhavehelpedhergetoutofthefearthatcouldhavepreventedherfromexpressingthethingssheknew.(当然，看我的演讲并不能神奇地给Fetaine提供她在医学院入学考试中取得好成绩所需要的知识。但它可能帮助她摆脱了恐惧，这种恐惧可能会阻止她表达她所知道的事情。)”可知，作者的演讲帮助Fetaine摆脱了恐惧，让她有勇气去表达自己。再结合第一段中的“Theserver—ayoung,dark-hairedwomanwithabroadsmileandglasses—stoppedandquietlysaid,‘IjustwanttotellyouhowmuchyourTEDtalkmeanttome,youhelpedmefindoutwhatIreallywantedtodowithmylife—gotomedicalschool—andthenyouhelpedmedowhatIneededtodotogetthere.Thankyou.’(服务员——一个年轻的黑发女人，脸上挂着灿烂的笑容，戴着眼镜——停了下来，平静地说：‘我只想对你说你的TED演讲对我来说有多重要，你帮我找到了我一生中真正想做的事情——上医学院——然后你帮我做了我到那一步所需要做的事情。谢谢你。’)”可知，Fetaine感谢作者的演讲帮助她找到了自己真正想做的事情。由此可推测出，作者给予了Fetaine面对未来所需的力量。故选A。CPlasticislow-costandlong-lasting.Itisnoteasilydegraded(降解)becausenaturaldegradationprocessescan’tdealwithitschemicalcomponents(成分).Ittakesinotherocean-presentharmfulsubstances.Thesechemicalanddangerouscomponentsaregraduallygotintotheatmospherewithadditivessuchascolor,whichturnsouttobereallyharmfulwhentheplasticbreaksdown.ThedesignanddevelopmentofnewplasticproductswasspedupafterWorldWarII.Lifewithoutplasticseemedimpossibleinthemodernage.Buteventhoughplasticwasquiteconvenient,thedarksideofitwasseenaspeoplebegantoenjoythethrow-awaycommunity.Manyplasticproducts,suchasplasticbags,havealifetimeofafewminutestohours.However,they’llstayintheenvironmentforhundredsofyears.Wearedestroyingtheveryworldthatnurturedus.Just9%ofplastichasbeenrecycledand12%burntafterproductionroseinthe1950s,whichleavesabout79%ofthe8.3billiontonsproducedsittinginlandfills(垃圾填埋场)ordamagingourfields,oceans,andwaterways.Andeachyeartheplasticendsupascontaminants.Sotobeatplasticpollution,weneedtoworktogether.Whileplasticburningreducestheamountofwastedumpedintooceansandlands,harmfulgasesarestillproduced,whichalsoleadstogreenhousegases.However,ifwemakeafirmdecisionandusemodernwastemanagementmethods,wewillbeabletocreateasafeandhealthyworld.Itishightimethatweasresponsibleglobalcitizens,tookonthedutyofprotectingourenvironmentandmadegreateffortinsavingourmotherearth,insteadofjustleavingeverythingtoourgovernment.So,ladiesandgentlemen,let’smakeapromisetosuccessfullydealwithplasticwasteandprotectourworldfromallpossiblerisks.8.WhatisParagraph1mainlyabout?A.Theharmofplastic. B.Theconvenienceofplastic.C.Theprotectionofplastic. D.Theuseofplastic.9.Whichwordcanbestdescribethewriter’sfeelinginParagraph2?A.Happy. B.Worried. C.Excited. D.Relaxed.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contaminants”inParagraph3mean?A.Thingsthatcausepollution. B.Thingsthatproduceplastic.C.Thingsthatcostmoney. D.Thingsthathelppeople.11.Fromwhichisthetextmostprobablytaken?A.Ashortstory. B.Aspeech. C.Anewspaper. D.Anotice.〖答案〗8.A9.B10.A11.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇演讲稿，属于应用文体，主要讲述了塑料对环境的危害，并倡议大家担起责任处理塑料废物、保护地球。【8题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Itisnoteasilydegraded(降解)becausenaturaldegradationprocessescan’tdealwithitschemicalcomponents(成分).Ittakesinotherocean-presentharmfulsubstances.Thesechemicalanddangerouscomponentsaregraduallygotintotheatmospherewithadditivessuchascolor,whichturnsouttobereallyharmfulwhentheplasticbreaksdown.(因为自然降解过程不能处理其化学成分，所以它不易降解。它吸收其他海洋中存在的有害物质。这些化学成分和危险成分随着色剂等添加剂逐渐进入大气中，而当塑料分解时，着色剂就变得非常有害。)”可知，塑料的化学成分不能在自然中降解，它吸收有害物质，塑料中的化学成分和危险成分会进入大气，污染大气环境。由此可推测出，第一段主要讲述了塑料的害处。故选A。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Wearedestroyingtheveryworldthatnurturedus.(我们正在摧毁养育我们的世界。)”可知，作者认为我们使用塑料是在摧毁我们赖以生存的世界，由此可推测出，作者对这种现状感到担忧。故选B。【10题详析】词义猜测题。根据画线词后一句“Sotobeatplasticpollution,weneedtoworktogether.(所以，为了防止塑料污染，我们需要共同努力。)”可知，塑料会产生污染，由此可推测出，画线词所在句表达的是每年塑料最终都会成为污染物。contaminants意为“污染物”，与A项意思最接近。故选A。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“So,ladiesandgentlemen,let’smakeapromisetosuccessfullydealwithplasticwasteandprotectourworldfromallpossiblerisks.(所以，女士们，先生们，让我们承诺会成功地处理塑料废物，保护我们的世界免受一切可能的风险。)”可知，文章在最后一段呼吁大家要承诺处理塑料废物，保护环境，并以“ladiesandgentlemen”引起大家的注意，由此可推测出，这是一篇面对观众发表的演讲。故选B。DAlllanguageschangeovertime.Newvocabularyisoftenrequiredforthelatestinventionsorideas.Butalanguagecanalsochangeforreasonsthatarenotclear.Languagechangeswheneverspeakerscommunicatewitheachother.Peoplefromdifferentplacesclearlyspeakdifferently,butevenwithinthesamesmallcommunity,peoplespeakdifferentlydependingontheirage,origin,andsocialandeducationalbackground.Whenwecommunicatewiththesedifferentspeakers,indifferentsituations,wehearnewwordsandexpressions,andcanmakethemapartofourownspeech.Evenifyourfamilyhaslivedinthesameareaforgenerations,youcanprobablyseeanumberofdifferencesbetweenthelanguageyouuseandthewayyourgrandparentsspeak.Whenenoughtimehaspassed,theinfluenceofthesechangesbecomesclearer.Duringthe18thcentury,JonathanSwift,theIrishwriter,andmanyotherpeoplefelttheEnglishlanguagewasinseriousdecline(衰落)andthatanationalorganization—likethoseinFranceandItaly—shouldbecreatedtosavethelanguage.Swiftoncewrotethatweshouldfindawaytostopourlanguagefromchanging.Eventoday,wehearpeoplecomplainingaboutalackof“standards(标准)”inspokenandwrittenEnglish.Newwordsandexpressions,orchangesingrammar,areoftenconsideredbad.Moreexpertsbelievethatchangeinlanguageisunavoidable.Changeisawayofkeepingalanguagealiveanduseful,andgivesspeakersdifferentwaysofsayingthingswithextremelysmalldifferencesofmeaningandwaysofexpressingcompletelynewideas.TheorganizationssetupinFranceandItalyhavehadlittlesuccessinreducingtheamountofchangeinFrenchorItalian.In1747,SamuelJohnsonwroteabouthisdesiretowriteadictionarythatwouldfixthepronunciationofEnglishandkeepitpure(纯正的).Butwhenhecompletedthedictionarytenyearslater,headmittedinhisintroductionthatfixingalanguagewasimpossible.Likeitornot,languageisalwayschangingandEnglishwillgoondoingsoinmanycreativeand—tosomepeople—annoyingways.12.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A.Somepeoplelearntospeakbetterthanothers.B.Theyouthshouldlearnfromtheirgrandparents.C.Languagechangeisgreatlyinfluencedbypeople.D.Languagechangeslittleifpeoplestayinthesameplace.13.WhatdoesJonathanSwiftthinkoflanguagechange?A.Hethinksitishopeful. B.Hethinksitisunclear.C.Heagreesonthechange. D.Hedoesn’tagreeonthechange.14.WhydidSamuelJohnsondecidetowriteadictionary?A.Tocreatesomenewwords. B.Toincludesomeforeignwords.C.TokeepEnglishpurefromchanges. D.TorecordthechangesinEnglish.15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Whydoeslanguagechange? B.WrittenEnglishneedsstandards.C.Doeslanguagechangeinfluencesociety? D.Howtoprotectthelanguage.〖答案〗12.C13.D14.C15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了语言是变化的，并分析了其变化的原因。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Languagechangeswheneverspeakerscommunicatewitheachother.Peoplefromdifferentplacesclearlyspeakdifferently,butevenwithinthesamesmallcommunity,peoplespeakdifferentlydependingontheirage,origin,andsocialandeducationalbackground.Whenwecommunicatewiththesedifferentspeakers,indifferentsituations,wehearnewwordsandexpressions,andcanmakethemapartofourownspeech.(当说话者彼此交流时，语言就会改变。来自不同地方的人说话显然不同，但即使在同一个小社区里，人们的说话方式也会因年龄、出身、社会和教育背景的不同而不同。当我们在不同的情况下与这些不同的说话者交流时，我们听到了新的单词和表达，并可以把它们变成我们自己讲话的一部分。)”可知，人们的说话方式会因年龄、出身、社会和教育背景的不同而不同。我们在与不同的人交流时会受到影响，语言也就发生了变化。所以语言的变化受人的影响很大。故选C项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Duringthe18thcentury,JonathanSwift,theIrishwriter,andmanyotherpeoplefelttheEnglishlanguagewasinseriousdecline(衰落)andthatanationalorganization—likethoseinFranceandItaly—shouldbecreatedtosavethelanguage.Swiftoncewrotethatweshouldfindawaytostopourlanguagefromchanging.(在18世纪，爱尔兰作家乔纳森·斯威夫特和其他许多人都认为英语正在严重衰落，应该像法国和意大利那样建立一个全国性的组织来拯救英语。斯威夫特曾经写道，我们应该找到一种方法来阻止我们的语言变化。)”可知，乔纳森·斯威夫特不赞同语言的变化。故选D项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In1747,SamuelJohnsonwroteabouthisdesiretowriteadictionarythatwouldfixthepronunciationofEnglishandkeepitpure(纯正的).(1747年，塞缪尔·约翰逊写道，他希望编写一本能纠正英语发音并保持纯正的词典)”可知，为了保持英语的纯正，让其不受变化的影响，塞缪尔·约翰逊决定编写一本词典。故选C项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Alllanguageschangeovertime.Newvocabularyisoftenrequiredforthelatestinventionsorideas.Butalanguagecanalsochangeforreasonsthatarenotclear.(所有的语言都会随着时间而改变。最新的发明或想法往往需要新的词汇。但是一种语言也会因为一些不清楚的原因而改变。)”和第二段中“Languagechangeswheneverspeakerscommunicatewitheachother.(当说话者彼此交流时，语言就会改变。)”可知，文章提出语言是变化的，并分析了其变化的原因。所以“Whydoeslanguagechange?(为什么语言会变化？)”是文章最佳标题。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Doyouhaveclothesinyourwardrobe(衣柜)thatyouneverwear?Doyoukeepthingsinyourcupboardsthatyouneveruse?Doyouhavebooksonyourshelvesthatyouneveropen?Andwhataboutthemessonthefloor?____16____Iftheanswertothesequestionsisyes,thenyou’renotalone.Mostofushavetoomuchstuff.Peoplewithuntidy,cluttered(杂乱的)roomshaveuntidyminds.____17____Thismakesthemunhappy.Thereisnodoubtthattoomuchstuffisbadforusandwehavetochange.Now,imaginethisbedroom:awhitefloor,abed,awardrobeandadeskandchair.That’sall.Itlookscalmandrelaxing.Thisistheminimaliststyle.Minimalistsbelievethattheydon’thavetoownalotofpossessions(物品)tobehappy.____18____Youareprobablyaskingatthispoint“DoIhavetogetridofallmyfavouritethings?”____19____Aminimalistroomistooextremeformostpeople,andpersonalpossessionslikephotosandbooksarecomfortingandhelpustofeelathome.____20____Considerthissimplerule:ifyoudon’tusesomethingforlongerthan6months,getridofit.Youhavetoregularlytidyandsortoutallthestuffinyourroom.Afterdecluttering,you’llhavemorespaceinyourwardrobeandcupboards.Nomore“Youmusttidyyourroom!”fromyourparents!Yourroomwilllookmorespacious(宽敞的)andyou’llfeelfree!A.Ofcoursetheansweristhatyoudon’t.B.Actually,theyenjoytheirmessyhome.C.Butoccasionaltidyingisn’tabadidea.D.Theytrytolivewithonlyessentialthings.E.Whydoyoukeepsomuchstuffinyourroom?F.Isitdifficulttofindthingswhenyouneedthem?G.Theycanfeelstressedandtheyfinditdifficulttorelax.〖答案〗16.F17.G18.D19.A20.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了整理房间的好处和整理的规则。【16题详析】根据上文“Doyouhaveclothesinyourwardrobe(衣柜)thatyouneverwear?Doyoukeepthingsinyourcupboardsthatyouneveruse?Doyouhavebooksonyourshelvesthatyouneveropen?Andwhataboutthemessonthefloor?(你衣柜里有从来不穿的衣服吗？你会在橱柜里放一些你从来不用的东西吗？你的书架上有没有从未打开过的书？那地板上的脏乱怎么办？)”以及后文“Iftheanswertothesequestionsisyes,thenyou’renotalone.Mostofushavetoomuchstuff.(如果这些问题的〖答案〗是肯定的，那么你并不孤单。我们大多数人都有太多的东西)”可知，本句与上文并列，都是针对找东西进行设问。故F选项“当你需要的东西很难找到吗？”符合语境，故选F。【17题详析】根据上文“Peoplewithuntidy,cluttered(杂乱的)roomshaveuntidyminds.(房间乱糟糟的人头脑也不整洁)”可知，本句承接上文说明房间脏乱的人的感受。故G选项“他们会感到压力，很难放松”符合语境，故选G。【18题详析】根据上文“Now,imaginethisbedroom:awhitefloor,abed,awardrobeandadeskandchair.That’sall.Itlookscalmandrelaxing.Thisistheminimaliststyle.Minimalistsbelievethattheydon’thavetoownalotofpossessions(物品)tobehappy.(现在，想象一下这个卧室：白色的地板，一张床，一个衣柜，一张桌子和一把椅子。这是所有。它看起来平静而放松。这是极简风格。极简主义者认为，他们不需要拥有很多东西就能快乐)”可知，上文提到极简主义认为不需要拥有很多东西就能快乐，本句为本段最后一句，应继续说明极简主义者的生活方式。故D选项“他们试着只和基本的东西生活”符合语境，故选D。【19题详析】根据上文“Youareprobablyaskingatthispoint“DoIhavetogetridofallmyfavouritethings?”(此时你可能会问：“我必须扔掉所有我最喜欢的东西吗？”)”可知，本句是在回答上文的问题，故A选项“〖答案〗当然是你不知道”符合语境，故选A。【20题详析】根据上文“Aminimalistroomistooextremeformostpeople,andpersonalpossessionslikephotosandbooksarecomfortingandhelpustofeelathome.(一个极简主义的房间对大多数人来说太极端了，像照片和书这样的个人物品会让我们感到舒适，并帮助我们有宾至如归的感觉)”以及后文“Considerthissimplerule:ifyoudon’tusesomethingforlongerthan6months,getridofit.Youhavetoregularlytidyandsortoutallthestuffinyourroom.(考虑一下这个简单的规则：如果你不使用超过6个月的东西，扔掉它。你必须定期整理和清理房间里的所有东西)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出整理的想法也不坏，故C选项“但偶尔整理一下也不是个坏主意”符合语境，故选C。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。OnAugust23rd,mysonwasoutmountainbikingwithhisteacherandfriends.Asusual,wewerewaitingathome____21____lunchready.At12:15,hestillhadn’t____22____.Then,wegotthecallthathewasbadlyhurt.We____23____upthemountaininthecar.Hewasinthekindof____24____youneverwanttosee.WegothimtothehospitalforX-raystobetoldhiscollarbone(锁骨)wasbroken.Collarbonesareespecially____25____totreat,asyoucan’tjustputtheminacast(石膏).Childrenhisagearemovingallthetime,____26____howwewouldbeabletostopanactive8-year-oldboyfrommovingforaminimumof5weekswasa____27____.Wegothima“figure-of-8”supportthatkeepsbothhisshouldersaligned(成一条直线).Itwasthebest____28____formakingsurethebonegrewbackstraight.Sleepingwasverypainfulforhim,andinthenextfew____29____everythingcamecrashingdown.Nosports.Noactivity.____30____birthdaypartyplans.Wegotintoanewnormalathome.Wefoundotherthingsforhimtodothatweren’t____31____,suchasreadingandmakingartwork.It____32____hisworldfrombeingthestrong,activekidtonotbeingabletodowhatheloved.However,hegraduallyadaptedtohisnewlife.Iwouldnever____33____an-injuryonanyone;yet,itisadirectwaytolearnhowtobepatientwithlife,withthebody,andwitheachother.My____34____lessonhasbeenthatmychildmayhavelearnedmorefromthisinjurythananythingelsehe’sgonethroughthisyear,and,____35____,itwillservehimforlife.21.A.at B.on C.with D.in22.A.workedout B.droppedby C.setout D.shownup23.A.walked B.raced C.rode D.flew24.A.anger B.stress C.pain D.shame25.A.easy B.hard C.rapid D.ready26.A.for B.though C.so D.unless27.A.challenge B.success C.condition D.promise28.A.goal B.choice C.part D.task29.A.hours B.days C.weeks D.months30.A.Designed B.Cancelled C.Created D.Divided31.A.mental B.physical C.relaxing D.interesting32.A.changed B.helped C.protected D.provided33.A.wish B.afford C.admire D.educate34.A.smallest B.slowest C.biggest D.worst35.A.normally B.exactly C.suddenly D.hopefully〖答案〗21.C22.D23.B24.C25.B26.C27.A28.B29.C30.B31.B32.A33.A34.C35.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的儿子和他的老师和朋友们出去骑山地车结果受了重伤，锁骨骨折。在治疗期间，儿子从一个强壮，活跃的孩子变成了不能做他喜欢做的事，但儿子也从这次受伤中学到的东西，可能比他今年经历的任何事情都要多，作者希望这能让他终生受益。【21题详析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：像往常一样，午饭准备好了，我们在家里等着。A.at在；B.on在上面；C.with和；D.in在里面。此处作伴随状语，表示“午饭准备好了”应用介词with。故选C。【22题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：12点15分，他还没有出现。A.workedout解决；B.droppedby顺便来访；C.setout出发；D.shownup出现。根据后文“Then,wegotthecallthathewasbadlyhurt.(然后，我们接到电话说他受了重伤)”可知，到了吃饭时间儿子没有出现。故选D。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们开车向山上跑去。A.walked散步；B.raced比赛，疾走；C.rode骑；D.flew飞。根据上文“Then,wegotthecallthathewasbadlyhurt.(然后，我们接到电话说他受了重伤)”可知儿子受了重伤，所以是开车向山上跑去，raceup表示“迅速向上跑”。故选B。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的痛苦是你永远不想看到的。A.anger愤怒；B.stress压力；C.pain痛苦；D.shame羞愧。呼应后文“Sleepingwasverypainfulforhim”受了伤很痛苦。故选C。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：锁骨尤其难以治疗，因为你不能直接把它们打上石膏。A.easy容易的；B.hard困难的；C.rapid快速的；D.ready准备好的。根据后文“asyoucan’tjustputtheminacast”可知，锁骨尤其难以治疗，因为你不能直接把它们打上石膏。故选B。【26题详析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：他这个年龄的孩子总是在动，所以我们如何能够阻止一个活跃的8岁男孩至少5周不动是一个挑战。A.for因为；B.though虽然；C.so所以；D.unless除非。结合前后文语境可知为因果关系，应用连词so。故选C。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他这个年龄的孩子总是在动，所以我们如何能够阻止一个活跃的8岁男孩至少5周不动是一个挑战。A.challenge挑战；B.success成功；C.condition条件；D.promise承诺。根据上文“Childrenhisagearemovingallthetime”可知，孩子总是在动，因此阻止一个活跃的8岁男孩至少5周不动是一个挑战。故选A。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是确保骨头长直的最佳选择。A.goal目标；B.choice选择；C.part部分；D.task任务。根据上文“Wegothima“figure-of-8”supportthatkeepsbothhisshouldersaligned.(我们给他做了一个“8字形”支架，让他的双肩保持一条直线)”可知，这个支架是确保骨头长直的最佳选择。故选B。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：睡觉对他来说很痛苦，在接下来的几个星期里，一切都崩溃了。A.hours小时；B.days天；C.weeks周；D.months月。儿子一开始带上支架不适应，故在接下来的几个星期里，一切都崩溃了，weeks最符合语境。故选C。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：取消了生日派对计划。A.Designed设计；B.Cancelled取消；C.Created创造；D.Divided分开。根据上文“Nosports.Noactivity.(没有运动。没有活动)”可知，生日派对因为受伤而取消了。故选B。【31题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们为他找到了其他非体力活动，比如阅读和创作艺术品。A.mental心理的；B.physical身体的；C.relaxing放松的；D.interesting有趣的。根据后文“suchasreadingandmakingartwork”可知，阅读和创作艺术品是非体力活动。故选B。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这件事改变了他的世界，从一个强壮，活跃的孩子变成了不能做他喜欢做的事。A.changed改变；B.helped帮助；C.protected保护；D.provided提供。根据后文“hisworldfrombeingthestrong,activekidtonotbeingabletodowhatheloved”可知，受伤让儿子从一个强壮，活跃的孩子变成了不能做他喜欢做的事。故选A。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从不希望任何人受到伤害；然而，这是一个学习如何对生活、对身体、对彼此保持耐心的直接方法。A.wish希望；B.afford买得起；C.admire钦佩；D.educate教育。根据后文“an-injuryonanyone;yet,itisadirectwaytolearnhowtobepatientwithlife,withthebody,andwitheachother”中yet表示转折，说明作者不希望任何人受伤，然而，这是一个学习如何对生活、对身体、对彼此保持耐心的直接方法。故选A。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我最大的教训是，我的孩子从这次受伤中学到的东西，可能比他今年经历的任何事情都要多，希望这能让他终生受益。A.smallest最小的；B.slowest最慢的；C.biggest最大的；D.worst最差的。根据后文“lessonhasbeenthatmychildmayhavelearnedmorefromthisinjurythananythingelsehe’sgonethroughthisyear”可知，孩子从这次受伤中学到的东西，可能比他今年经历的任何事情都要多，这是作者得到最大的教训。故选C。【35题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我最大的教训是，我的孩子从这次受伤中学到的东西，可能比他今年经历的任何事情都要多，希望这能让他终生受益。A.normally正常地；B.exactly恰好地；C.suddenly突然；D.hopefully有希望地。根据后文“itwillservehimforlife.”可知是作者的希望，作者希望受伤能让儿子终生受益。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Everyyear,highschoolstudentsaged15-19fromallaroundtheworldmakeahuge____36____(decide).Theyleavetheirhomeandgotoanothercountry____37____(study)foruptoayear.Anexchangeyear____38____(know)asatimewhennewexperienceseducatestudentsabouta____39____(difference)wayoflife.Sometimestherewillbedifficultiesandbadmoments,butthosearethemomentswhenthestudentsgrowthemost.“Anexchangeyearisn’tayearinyourlife;itisalifeinayear,”saidIsabela,an18-year-oldexchangestudentfromBrazil.IsabelahasbeenlivinginSaintJosephthisyear.Heryeardidn’tstart____40____(exact)thewayshewashoping.Shehadtroublemaking____41____(friend)andshecouldn’tconnectwithherhostfamily.“Ihadthe____42____(bad)andthebesttimehere.Thebeginningwasterrible.Ididn’topenupandnoonetalkedtome.Iwasevenreadytogohomebeforetheyearended,”shesaid.Whentheyear2020started,Isabelachangedherhostfamilyand____43____(give)theU.Sonemorechance.Shealsochangedherattitude.Nowshehasagreatrelationshipwithherhostparentsandhasalotoffriends.Sheisenjoyinghertime.Exchangestudentsgrowalotduringtheirexchangeyearandtheyseetheworld____44____anewway.Theywillhavedifficultiestheyneedtoovercomeby_____45_____(they)buttheywillgobacktotheirhomemorematureandindependent.〖答案〗36.decision37.tostudy38.isknown39.different40.exactly41.friends42.worst43.gave44.in45.themselves【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了交换生的伊莎贝拉的经历。【36题详析】考查名词。句意：每年，世界各地15-19岁的高中生都会做出一个重大决定。〖提示〗词作宾语，结合空格前不定冠词a可知，用单数名词decision，意为“决定”。故填decision。【37题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们离开家乡，去另一个国家学习长达一年。“(study)”是“Theyleavetheirhomeandgotoanothercountry”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填tostudy。【38题详析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：交换年被认为是一段新的经历教育学生不同的生活方式的时间。know(把……看作是)是主句谓语动词，与主语Anexch