语法专题六形容词和副词-2023年中考语法一点通（学生版）

语法专题六、形容词和副词（必考）考点考点精讲考点1：形容词、副词的基本用法(1)形容词一般放在名词前面,be动词后面。副词一般放在动词后面或形容词前面，副词一般以ly结尾。（特例ly结尾的形容词：friendly友好的,lovely可爱的,lively活泼的）但有的动词后面只能用形容词。如常考词：五个感官动词：look，feel，smell，taste，sound；四个变得：turn，get，bee，go(变质)；四个句型：keep，make，think,make/stay如：Thebookisinteresting.Thisisaninterestingbook.Theboylookssad.(2)形容词修饰复合不定代词(something，anything，nothing，everything，somebodyanybody，nobody，everybody，everyone)时，要放在这些复合不定代词的后面。如：Theteacherhassomethingimportanttotellus.(3)enough(足够)放在名词前面，形容词、副词后面。如：Idon'thaveenoughmoneytobuythebike.(2022·云南省昆明市·单元测试)—Howaboutthefruitsalad?

—Yummy!Ittastesvery______.Bytheway,whomadeit?A.good B.bad C.well D.badly考点2：形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的变化规则基本变化规则例词(1)一般情况下比较级在词尾直接加er，最高级加est。small—smaller—smalleststrong—stronger—strongest(2)以e结尾的词，在词尾加r构成比较级，加st构成最高级。nice—nicer—nicestlate—later—latest(3)以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，把y改i，再加er构成比较级，加est构成最高级。heavy—heavier—heaviesteasy—easier—easiest(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写辅音字母，再加er或est构成比较级和最高级。big—bigger—biggesthot—hotter—hottestfatfatterfattestredredderreddestthinthinnerthinnest(5)其他双音节或多音节词在词前加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级,最高级前加theimportant—moreimportant—mostimportantstrongly—morestrongly—moststronglycarefullymorecarefullymostcarefully不规则变化的词many/much–more–mostgood/well–betterbestbad/badly/ill–worse–worstlittle—less—leastfar—farther—farthest(距离远)far—further—furthest(深入的，)old—older—oldest(岁数大，东西旧)/old—elder—eldest(辈份大)形容词等级口诀比较级要变化，一般词尾加er，词尾若有哑音就可以直接加r。一辅重读闭音节，辅音字母要双写。辅音字母后有y，把y改成i。最高级加est，莫忘前面加the。形容词若是多音节，记得前面加more、most。考点3：形容词、副词的基本句型(1)原级的用法句型例句①very，quite，rather，too，enough，so等词修饰原级①Thestreetisverybusy.②Thebookisquiteinteresting.②表示A与B一样时，用：A…＋as＋原级＋as＋B(和……一样)①TomisastallasKate.②TomrunsasquicklyasKate③表示A不如B时，用：A…＋not＋as/so＋原级＋as＋B(不如)①Thisstoryisn'tas/sointerestingasthatone.②Mybrotherdoesn'twriteas/sowellasme.(2)比较级的用法（两者的比较或选择）句型例句比较级＋than＋被比较的对象①Heistallerthanhisfather.②Whojumpshigher，TomorJim？②比较级＋and＋比较级moreandmore＋原级①hotterandhotter越来越热②moreandmoreuseful越来越有用③the＋比较级，the＋比较级（越……，越……）①Themoreyoutakeexercise，thehealthieryouwillbe.④less+原级+than（不如）①Theroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.⑤the+比较级+ofthetwo（两者中更…:）①Jimisthetallerofthetwo.注意：比较级前面还可以用以下词来修饰：much（得多），alittle/abit(有点)，even（甚至），far（远远地），still（仍然），threetimes（三倍）等。例如：Whynotgetupalittleearlier？Thebookistwicecheaperthanthatone.(3)最高级的用法（三者或以上的比较或选择）句型例句①the＋最高级＋of/in＋比较的范围①Iamtheearliestinmyclasseveryday.②Whichdoyoulikebest,English,Chineseormath?②oneofthe＋最高级＋名词复数(最……之一)①Thisisoneofthemostexpensivepaintingsintheworld.③the＋序数词＋最高级＋名词单数(第几最……)①ShanghaiisthefirstlargestcityinChina.注意：(1)形容词最高级前有物主代词修饰时不用the：Heismybestfriend.(2)同类事物才能够相比较：TheweatherinGuangzhouishotterthanthatinBeijing.(2014·天津市·历年真题)LiuXiangisoneof

runnersintheworld．A.famous B.more

famous C.most

famous D.the

most

famous考点4【易混词辨析】(1)alone，lonely①alone形容词，“单独的，独自的”。副词，“独自地”。②lonely形容词，“孤独的，寂寞的，荒凉的”。如Helivesalone,buthedoesn’tfeellonely.(2)good，well①good形容词，“好的”。②well副词，是“好地”意思。作形容词时是“身体健康的”。作名词时是“井”。(3)interesting，interested，interest①interesting形容词，“有趣的”。②interested形容词，“感到有趣的”。常用词组：beinterestedin(对……感兴趣)③interest名词，“兴趣，爱好”。动词，“使某人感兴趣”。注意：ing类形容词常用来形容物。ed类形容词常用来形容人的感觉。Moststudentsareexcitedabouttheexcitingfilm.(4)hard，hardly①hard形容词，“大的，困难的，硬的”。副词，“大地，努力地”。②hardly副词，“几乎不”。(5)sometimes，sometimes，sometime，sometime①sometimes几次或几倍②sometimes有时＝attimes③sometime过去或将来的某个时候④sometime一段时间(6)muchtoo，toomuch，toomany①muchtoo＋形容词、副词原级；表示“非常，极其，太”②toomuch＋不可数名词；表示“太多”。③toomany＋名词复数；表示“太多”。(7)so，such“如此；这样”①so＋adj./adv.;如Sheissobeautiful.她是如此的美丽。②such(＋a/an)＋adj.＋n.如Sheissuchabeautifulgirl.她是如此美丽的一个女孩儿。(8)either，too，alsoeither和too都放于句尾。either用于否定句，too用于肯定句。also用于句子中间。Wealsowenttoseeafilm.考点5词义辨析形容词和副词还有一个重要考点就是词义辨析，根据题意选择正确的形容词或副词。所以背诵单词是基础，同学们一定要坚持每天背诵单词，烂熟于心。考点精练考点精练中考语法—形容词和副词专项练习（共计50小题，每小题2分，总分100分。）She

lived

_________in

a

small

village，but

she

didn't

feel__________．A.lonely，lonely B.alone，lonely C.lonely，aloneThisbookisnot______thatone.A.asgoodas B.sogoodthan C.aswellas D.sobetterthanWedon’thave_________,sowecan’tdothework___________.A.enoughtime;wellenough B.enoughtime;goodenoughC.timeenough;enoughgood D.enoughtime;enoughwellAsanadult,hemustwork______tomake______tosupporthisfamily.A.hardlyenough;enoughmoney B.enoughhard;enoughmoneyC.hardlyenough;moneyenough D.hardenough;enoughmoney—Haveyoubought_________forLinda’sbirthday?—Notexactly.Justsomeflowers.A.somethingunusual B.anythingunusualC.unusualsomething D.unusualanything—Isthere______intodayˈsnewspaper?

—Yes,quitealot.A.anythinginteresting B.somethinginterestingC.interestinganything D.interestingsomethingTomakerivers_______________thanbefore，everybodyissupposedtoprotectthem．A.dirty B.dirtier C.clean D.cleanerI

failed

to

catch

the

last

bus

on

that

cold

winter

night.I

couldn't

feel

then.A.more

excited B.more

terribleC.the

most

excited D.the

most

terribleMytimeinthemiddleschoolwas______oneofperiodsofmylife.A.exciting B.more

excitingC.the

more

exciting D.the

most

exciting—Let'sgooutfora

walk.—You'dbetternot.Thesedaystheairisgettingmuch______thanitwasbefore.A.better B.worse C.cleaner D.easier—Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?—It's_______filmI'veeverseen.A.themostexcited B.moreexcitedC.themostexciting D.moreexcitingTomstudies______,sohe______failstheexam.A.hardly;

hardly B.hard;

hardly C.hard;

hard D.hardly;

hardMy

cousin

is

____heavy

because

he

often

eats

____fast

food.A.much

too;too

many B.too

much;too

muchC.much

too;too

much The

woman

is______fat

because

she

eats______

junk

food.A.much

too;too

much B.much

too;much

tooC.too

much;too

much D.too

many;much

tooItwas______forustosolvethemathproblem,fewofuscouldevenunderstandit.A.easy

enough B.enough

easyC.difficult

enough D.enough

difficultClothshoesbecamepopularduringtheMingDynasty,______inSichuanprovince.A.hardly B.nearly C.really D.especially—Isyourfatherstrictwithyou?—Yes.Hetakesmygradesas______asmyteachersdo.A.serious B.more

serious C.seriously D.more

seriouslyTina______drivestowork.Buttodayshedrivesbecauseoftherain.A.always B.often C.sometimes D.hardly—Yourhandwritingisbeautiful.—Thankyou,Iwrite_________

thanbefore.A.careful B.morecareful C.morecarefully D.carefullyIt

is

______for

him

to

get

to

school

on

time，because

it

is

raining

______．A.hard；hardly B.hardly；hard C.hard；hard—Hello,Jenny.Ican'tfindmymathbook______.Didyouseeit?—Sorry,Ididn't.A.everywhere B.anywhere C.somewhere D.nowhereMyfatherisverybusy.He________hassparetime.A.always B.usually C.seldom D.sometimes______youstudy,thebettergradesyouwillget.A.Hard B.Harder C.Theharder D.Thehardest—May

I

be

allowed

to

choose

a

summer

course？—It's

up

to

you．

You're

____

to

make

your

own

decision．A.too

old B.enough

old C.old

enoughJenny,it'stimetopracticethepiano.______youpractice,_______you'llplay.A.More;

better B.More;

worseC.Themore;

thebetter D.Theless;

thebetterLearn______,andyouwillbeasuccessfullearner.A.wisely B.lazily C.quickly D.blindlyThespecialsintherestauranttaste

andsell

.Manycustomersehereonweekends.A.well；good B.good；good C.good；wellRoyisagreatdancer.Hedances_______thanothers.A.beautifully B.more

beautifullyC.less

beautifully D.most

beautifullyNoraopenedthebox.Tohersurprise,______itwasagoldwatch.A.outside B.inside C.beside D.behindThecoachthinks________ofMary'ssportstalents,forshejumpedvery________atthesportsmeeting.A.high;high B.highly;highly C.high;highly D.highly;highHaveyouseenmymobilephone,Sam?Ican'tfindit______.A.everywhere B.somewhere C.nowhere D.anywhereToavoidmakingmistakes,pleasereadthequestions______

beforeyouanswerthem.A.careful B.careless C.carefully D.carelessly—Howoftendoyouusuallygotoworkbysubway?—______.Ialwaystakea

bus,

becausethereisnosubwayinthiscity.A.Sometimes B.Often C.Never D.Seldom—Whydidn′tyougototheparty?—Itbegantorain________whenIwantedtogoout.A.heavy B.heavily C.hardly D.strongThemodelSydneyOperaHouselooks

______therealoneinAustralia.A.aswonderfulas B.aswonderfullyasC.sowonderfulas D.sowonderfullyasThistempleisoneof______buildingsinthetown.Wemusttakeactiontoprotectit.A.old B.older C.oldest D.theoldestKateis

girl.She'sveryhappyatschool.A.aeighteenyearold B.aneighteenyearoldC.aneighteenyearsold D.aeighteenyearsoldWhatbadweather!Theradiosaysitwillbeeven________tomorrow.A.bad B.badly C.worse D.worstYouaredoinggreat!I'veneverhad___________answerbefore.A.better B.best C.a

better D.the

bestMost

of

the

people

in

Tibet

are

getting__________．A.more

and

more

rich B.more

rich

and

more

richC.richer

and

richer D.richer

and

richest—HowdoyoulikeHarryPotterandthePhilosopher'sStone?—Itis________bookI________sinceGradeTwo.A.the

most

interested；

have

read B.a

more

interested；

readC.the

most

interesting；

have

read D.a

more

interesting；

read—Arethese_