广东省2023-2024学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题（含答案）

广东省2023-2024学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五总分评分一、阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读理解ThankyouforchoosingOTTTravelAgency.Inordertohaveapleasantjourney,pleasereadthefollowingnotescarefully.BookingRegulations⒈Thereisanecessarybookingprocess.Wewillconfirmthatwithyouwithin1—2workingdays.⒉Pleasebookaticketassoonaspossiblebecausetheratesmayvaryatdifferenttimes.Forexample,ratesriseduringholidays.⒊PleasecarefullyreadourCustomerAgreementsbeforebooking.BookingProceduresandE-tickets⒈Youwillreceiveabookingreceiptbye-mailimmediatelyaftersubmissionofbookinginformation.⒉Youwillreceivetheconfirmatione-mailwesendwithin1—2workingdaysaftersubmission.⒊Oncethebookingdetailsareconfirmed,youwillreceiveyoure-ticketbye-mail.Wewillprovidethecontactinformationoflocaltourismofficesforyourconvenientuseduringtourorasrequired.⒋Next,youonlyneedtoprintthee-ticketandpresentitwithphotoIDtothetourguideonthedepartureday.SpecialNotesIftheflightisdelayedforover45minutesduetoweatherconditionorothercases,pleasegotothehotelbyyourself.Youcancontactthelocaltravelagencyandaskforhelp.Youarestronglyrecommendedtocontacttheairlineandlocaltravelagencytoconfirmtheflightarrivaltimeandairportpickup.Foryoursafety,pleaselockyourdoorwheneverandwhereveryouleave.Donothanganyclothesonlights.Donotsmokeinbed.Leavethehotelimmediatelyifyouhearafirealarm.Pleaseobservealldosanddon'tsmentionedbythetourguide.Thankyouforyourcooperation.Sorryforanyinconvenience.1．Whyshouldtravelersbookticketsimmediately?A．Theratesprobablychangewithtime.B．Therearefewticketsonholidays.C．Thebookingprocessiscomplicated.D．Theconfirmationwastesmuchtime.2．Whenwillyoureceiveabookingreceipt?A．Beforefillinginaconfirmationform.B．Aftersendingoutabookinge-mail.C．Beforereceivingaconfirmatione-mail.D．Aftersubmittingbookinginformation.3．Whatshouldyoudowhenyouhearafirealarminthehotel?A．Lockthedoor. B．Runoutofthehotel.C．Hangclothesonlights. D．Putoutyourcigarette.阅读理解Recently,homelesspeopleacrossChicagofacedfreezingtodeathiftheycouldn'tfindshelterforthenight.Thankfully,onelocalwomanrefusedtoletthathappen.InlateJanuaryof2021,Chicagoexperiencedsomeofthecoldesttemperaturesthatthecityhasseenindecades.Sadly,morethan100homelesspeoplewereleftoutsidedirectlyexposedtothedeadlyenvironment.CandicePaynewasluckyenoughtohaveashelterfromthedangerousconditions.However,shecouldn'tstopthinkingaboutthehomelesspeopleintheareawhohadnowheretogo.Paynestartedbrainstormingdifferentwaysshecouldpossiblyhelp.Atlast,shedecidedtoseeiftherewereanyroomsavailableatlocalhotelsthatshecouldpurchaseforthepeopleonthestreet.Howevermanyofthelocalhotelsrefusedtoallowhertopayfortherooms."Noonewantedthem,butonehotel,theAmberInn,thatwasniceenoughtoallowmetobuytherooms,"PaynetoldTODAY.AccordingtoPayne,eachroomcost$70pernight.Withouthesitating,shepurchased30roomsforthenightwithhercreditcard.Shethenreachedouttostrangers,askingifanyonewouldliketohelpoutwithpayingformorerooms.Strangersdonatedmoney,whichhelpedPaynepayforatotalof60roomsforfivenights.Payne'sselflessactmadenewsacrossthecountry,however,sheinsistedsheneverdiditforattention."Iamaregularpersons,"saidPayne,whospentthousandsofdollarsofherownmoneyhelpingcompletestrangers."Itallsoundedlikearichpersondidthis,butI'mjustalittleblackgirlfromtheSouthSide.Ithoughtitwasimpossible,butafterseeingthisandseeingpeoplefromallaroundtheworld,thatjusttellsmeit'spossible.Wecanalldothistogether."4．HowmuchdidPaynepaytheAmberInnfortheroomsintotal?A．$2100. B．$4,200. C．$21,000. D．$10,500.5．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribePayne?A．Kindandgenerous. B．Wealthyandfriendly.C．Determinedandhonest. D．Ambitiousandfaithful.6．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheHomelessSufferedtheExtremeColdB．ChicagoExperiencedtheColdestTemperaturesC．VolunteersCalledonPeopletoHelptheHomelessD．ChicagoWomanTriedHardtoSavetheHomeless7．Whattypeofwritingisthetext?A．Alabreport. B．Anewsreport.C．Anadvertisement. D．Asciencefiction.阅读理解Thissummer,asthecapitalofEnglandbecamewarmerthanbefore,therehasbeenmanystoriesfromLondonersexperiencingoddinsectbites.EventheLondonUndergroundhasitsownspeciesofmosquitowithaparticularappetiteforhumanblood.ThemaininsectsoutforyourbloodinLondonaremosquitoesandhorseflies(马蝇).And,asthatSpacesongsaid,thefemalesofthesespeciesaremoredeadlythanthemales,beingtheonesthatseekoutanimalbloodasextranutritionfortheireggs.Horseflieshaveaparticularlycruelbiteusingtheirjawstobiteintoourskinlikeacarvingknifeuntiltheybreakabloodvessel(血管).Mosquitoesaremoresecretattacker,bitingusverypreciselywiththeirneedle-sharpmouth.IntheUK,theseinsectsareusuallyharmless.Thekeythingtoknowabouttheseinsectsisthatthey'refarmoreactiveinwarmweather."Insectshaveaspecialandspecificrelationshipwithheat,"saysVickiSimsfromLadyBugPestControl."Theriseintemperatureseesinsectsgrowfaster.Yearonyear,manyspeciesarealteringtheirbehaviourandbiologytofollowthetrendsoftheseasons."So,whatdoesthismeanforthestateofourskin?LongandwarmLondonsummersmeanwemayseemoreoftheinsectsweexpect,butsomenewoneswedon't."Theonlythingseparatingusfromspecieslikemosquitoesthatcarrypublichealthrisksinotherpartsoftheworld,isclimate,geographyandmorethanalittleluck,"saysSims.ConcernsaboutincreaseofalienspeciesintheUKaregrowing.Usuallyarrivingwithinternationalshipments,traditionally"insectspeciesbroughtoverwoulddieoutrelativelyquicklybecauseofourcoldweather,"saysNatalieBungayfromtheBritishPestControlAssociation."Butastheweatherwarmsupthere'smorechancethatthey'llsurviveandbecomeaproblem,soeffectivemeasuresshouldbetakenassoonaspossible."8．Whatisthemajorfunctionofparagraph1?A．Tointroducethemaintopic. B．Toclarifytheauthor'sstand.C．Toarousethereaders'concern. D．Tosummarizethewholetext.9．Whydofemaleinsectsfavouranimalblood?A．Theybecomehungrymoreeasily. B．Theyhavestrongermouths.C．Theyaremoresensitivetoblood. D．Theyneedmorenutritionforeggs.10．Whatdoweknowfromthethirdparagraph?A．Theinsectsgrowfastinwarmweather.B．Newspecieswillincreaseincoldweather.C．Mostspeciescan'tadapttothechangingclimate.D．Wecanonlydependonlucktoavoidpotentiallyharmfulinsects.11．WhatisNatalieBungay'sattitudetowardstheriseoftemperature?A．Optimistic. B．Worried. C．Unconcerned. D．Confused.阅读理解Chewingusesasurprisingamountofenergy.Anexperimentthatlookedattheenergyuseassociatedwithchewinggumfoundthatitcanincreasebodilyenergyusebyupto15percent.AdamvanCasterenattheUniversityofManchesterintheUKandhiscolleaguesmeasuredenergyusein21peoplebetween18and45yearsoldastheychewedgumfor15minutes.Eachparticipantwasaskedtochewtwotypesofgum—onesoftandtheothertough—sotheycouldcomparetheeffectsofthegum'spropertiesontheparticipants'energyuse.Energyusewasmeasuredusingaspeciallymadecapcoveringtheparticipants'heads."Youcanusethecaptoworkouthowmuchenergyisbeingused,"saysCasteren.Beforetheexperiment,theparticipantshadallwornthecapwhiletheysatwatchingafilminorderfortheresearcherstoknowtheirbaselevelenergyuse.Theresearchersfoundthatchewingthesoftgumincreasedenergyexpenditurebyabout10percent,whilechewingthetoughergumincreasedthisusebyaround15percent.Casterensaysit'sinterestingthatasmallchangeinthepropertiesofthegumhadsuchacleareffectonenergyuse.Thefindingssuggestthattheenergyuserequiredtochewalsoexplainwhywedevelopedsuchstrongteethfortheaction.Anyamountofenergylostwhilechewingfood,makesthemealalessefficientsourceofenergy,sowemustfinishtheactionassoonaspossible.DylanThompsonattheUniversityofBathintheUKsaystheincreaseisstillonlyasmallamountoverall."Itwillcontributelessthan1percentoftotaldailyenergyusebecauseofrelativelyshortdailychewingtime,"hesays.12．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Comparisonbetweensoftandtoughgum.B．Theresultofanexperimentaboutenergyuse.C．AdamvanCasteren'sopinionaboutchewinggum.D．Anexperimentaboutenergyusewhenchewinggum.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"expenditure"inparagraph3probablymean?A．Digestion. B．Transportation.C．Consumption. D．Production.14．Whydohumanbeingsdevelopstrongteethaccordingtothetext?A．Toeatmorefoodatameal. B．Toreduceenergyloss.C．Tomakethemeallessefficient. D．Tobreakdownfoodthoroughly.15．WhatdoesDylanThompsonprobablyagreewith?A．Chewingtimeofhumansisincreasing.B．Chewingisnotanimportantpartofourlife.C．Chewingdoesn'tusemuchenergyinourdailylife.D．Thereisnorelationshipbetweenenergyuseandchewing.二、任务型阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatkeepsushealthyandhappyaswegothroughlife?Theclearestmessagethatwegotfroma75-yearstudyisthis:Goodrelationshipskeepushappierandhealthier.16．Thefirstisthatsocialconnectionsarereallygoodforus,andthatlonelinesskills.Itturnsoutthatpeoplewhoaremoresociallyconnectedtoothersarehappier.17．Onthecontrary,theexperienceoflonelinessturnsouttobeharmful.Therearesomepeoplewhoaremorelonelythantheywanttobe.Theyfindthattheyarelesshappy,theirhealthdeclinesearlierinmidlife,andtheyliveshorterlivesthanpeoplewhoarenotlonely.Andweknowthatyoucanbelonelyinacrowdandyoucanbelonelyinamarriage.Sothesecondbiglessonthatwelearnedisthatit'snotjustthenumberoffriendsyouhave,andit'snotwhetherornotyou'reinacommittedrelationship,butit'sthequalityofyourcloserelationshipsthatmatters.18．High-conflictmarriages,forexample,withoutmuchlove,turnouttobeverybadforourhealth.Andthethirdbiglessonthatwelearnedaboutrelationshipsisthatgoodrelationshipsdon'tjustprotectourbodies,theyprotectourbrains.Itturnsoutthatbeinginasecurelyattachedrelationshipisprotective.Manypeopleareinrelationshipswheretheycangethelpfromtheotherpersonsintimesofneed.19．So,goodandcloserelationshipsaregoodforourhealthandwell-being.20．Thisiswisdomthat'sasoldasthehills.Now,askyourselfaquestion:Ifyouweregoingtoinvestnowinyourfuturebestself,wherewouldyouputyourtimeandyourenergy?A.Thesepeople'smemoriesstaysharperandlonger.B.We'velearnedthreebiglessonsaboutrelationships.C.Thatistosay,thegoodlifeisbuiltwithgoodrelationships.D.What'smore,they'rephysicallyhealthier,andtheylivelonger.E.Itturnsoutthatlivingintheconflictisreallybadforourhealth.F.Theywillsurprisinglyfindthatthisrelationshipcausementaldecline.G.Peoplelivinginlonelinessareeitherinsorroworterriblehealthcondition.三、完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Once,therewasasmall,unkeptandratherpoorvillage.Peoplehadtoworkhardto21．themselves.Johnnylivedinawoodenhutwithhisoldgrandma.Hehaddreamedtomovetoabigcityhehadnever22．before.AllofJohnny'sfriendshadleftforalong23．inbigcities.OnlyJohnny,whowas24．allsummerlong,andcouldn'tevengotothenearestcityforamoment.Johnny25．walkedintothehutandsankontothemuddybrownsofa."Areyouokay,dear?"Hisgrandmaasked."No!"Johnny26．."Myfriendsarealltakingtripstoothercities,evencountries,andI'm27．inthisplace!"Johnny'sGrandmawas28．."Johnny,"shebegan.Immediately,Johnnyinterrupted."I'mgoingtomyroom!"Hethenbolted(冲)towardshisroom.Oneday,Johnny29．up.Hewalkedoutsidetolookatthegoldensun30．overthehorizon,standingfirmagainsttheoceanandbluesky.Soonafter,hisgrandmawentovertostandnearJohnny."Listen,Johnny,"she31．."Lookattheskyandtheocean.Aren'ttheysplendid?Youwon't32．theminacity,wouldyou?"Justthen,afewwolfcubs(幼崽)couldbe33．attheendofthevillage."Seethosewolfcubs?Aren'ttheyso34．?Idon'tthinkyouwouldfindthemcrawlingaroundabigcity."ThismadeJohnny35．howbeautifullifeis,andhe'sluckytoevenliveinavillage.21．A．remind B．support C．enjoy D．behave22．A．visited B．imagined C．described D．introduced23．A．gathering B．treatment C．ceremony D．vacation24．A．curious B．regretful C．bored D．amused25．A．unhappily B．unbelievably C．unexpectedly D．unconsciously26．A．brokedown B．passeddown C．pointedout D．burstout27．A．interested B．absorbed C．stuck D．involved28．A．disappointed B．shocked C．inspired D．ashamed29．A．woke B．turned C．gave D．grew30．A．landing B．wandering C．rising D．burning31．A．recalled B．complained C．shouted D．announced32．A．share B．draw C．find D．miss33．A．bought B．spotted C．raised D．rejected34．A．wonderful B．pitiful C．fierce D．respectful35．A．remember B．imagine C．suspect D．realize四、语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Beijinghad204museums,including18first-classones,bytheendof2021,36．(rank)thetopinChinaandbeingoneofthecitieswiththerichestmuseum37．(resource)intheworld.Recently,BeijingRadio&TelevisionStationlaunchedaculturalprogrammenamed"TheCityofMuseums'',38．deeplyexplorestheuniquevalueofChinesecivilization,39．(interpret)thenationalspiritandshowcasesthecapital'sprofoundculturalconnotationandthecharmofthetimes.Untilnowsixepisodesoftheprogramme40．(broadcast)whilethenumberofdiscussionsofthetopiconlinehasexceeded1billion,providingaculturalfeastfortheaudience.Theshowexploresthebeautyofculturefroma41．(total)newperspective.ThehostsvisitedeightmuseumswithdifferentcharacteristicsinBeijing,42．presentedayet-to-beexploredareaineachmuseumforthefirsttime.Many"treasures"ofthosemuseumsappearedforthefirsttime,such43．thepaintingbytheEmperorQianlong(1711—1799)inWanshouTemple,theoriginalpaintingsinXuBeihongMemorialHall,and44．(return)culturalrelicsintheMuseumofthePrinceGong'sMansion.Throughtheexplorationandexhibition,theaudiencewouldenterthe"hiddenworld"ofthosemuseumsbyfollowingthehosts'steps,learningthebroadnessand45．(deep)ofChinesecivilizationdeeply.五、写作(共两节，满分40分)46．假定你是高中生李华，正在伦敦做交换生。大英博物馆(theBritishMuseum)正在招聘兼职导游。请你给招聘负责人史密斯先生写一封信，申请这一职位。内容如下：1）自我介绍;2）想做兼职导游的原因;3）应聘兼职导游的自身优势。注意：1）写作词数应为80左右;2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearMr.Smith,……Yourssincerely,LiHua47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。TheCupofCoffeeItwassupposedtobeanormaltriptothesupermarket.Mysonwaslittle,anditwasgettingclosetotimetohavealittlesleep,soIwasrushingthroughtheaislestryingtoavoidafailure.IrememberfeelingasenseofachievementasIgothimintothecarwithoutanytears.ThenIwenttostartthecarandrealizedmykeysweregone.Afterafewminutesofcheckingaround,IrealizedthatImusthavelockedtheminthetrunkwithmybag.Iwasn'tsurewhattodo,soItookmysonoutofhiscarseatandwentbackinsidethestorewithmycartstillfullofgroceries.IhadtousetheirphonestocallmyhusbandforthesparekeybecausemyphonewasinthebagIhadlockedinthetrunk.Aftermultiplecallsandmessageswithnoanswer,Iwasgettingdiscouraged.Mysonwastiredandbegantocry.Iwastiredbecauseofasleeplessnightthatallmumsgothrough-whentheirkidsareteething.Whenhewentintofull-oncrying,Ifeltthetearscomedownmyface,too.Anemployeeatthestoretappedmeontheshoulderandaskedmetocomewithher.Iwaspanickedforamoment,thinkingthatIwasgoingtobescoldedandthrownintothestorageareatokeepusquiet.Theemployee,whosenameIwouldlaterfindoutwasKelly,tookme,tomysurprise,totheStarbuckscafethatwasinsidethestore.SheaskedmeifIdrankcoffee.WhenIsaidyes,shewalkedovertothecounterandcamebackwithoneforme.ShesaidthatitlookedlikeIwashavingoneofthosedaysandthat,asamum,shehadthem,too.ItoldherhowstupidIfeltlockingmykeysinthecar,andsheassuredmeithappenedtoalotofpeople.Aswetalked,mysonsettledintoasoundsleepinmyarms.注意：1）续写词数应为150左右；2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Afteraboutfifteenminutes,shesaidherbreakwasover.……AfterIgothomethatday,IkeptthinkingaboutwhatKellyhaddoneforme.

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．D3．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，是旅游机构给出旅游前的注意事项，包括：订票规定、订票步骤和一些特殊注意事项。【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．考查细节理解。根据BookingRegulations部分中的"Pleasebookaticketassoonaspossiblebecausetheratesmayvaryatdifferenttimes.”请尽快订票，因为不同时间票价可能不同。可知，费用在不同时期可能有浮动，应该尽快订票。故选A。2．考查细节理解。根据BookingProceduresandE-tickets部分中的"Youwillreceiveabookingreceiptbye-mailimmediatelyaftersubmissionofbookinginformation.”在递交订位资料后，你会立即以电邮收到订位收据。可知，在提交预定申请后，你将马上收到以邮件形式发送的预定收据，故选D。3．考查细节理解。根据SpecialNotes部分中的"Leavethehotelimmediatelyifyouhearafirealarm.”如果听到火警，请立即离开酒店。可知，如果你听到火情警报，马上离开酒店。故选B。【答案】4．C5．A6．D7．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了芝加哥一位妇女努力救助无家可归者，帮助他们过冬的事迹。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"AccordingtoPayne,eachroomcost$70pernight.”根据Payne的说法，每个房间每晚花费70美元；以及"Strangersdonatedmoney,whichhelpedPaynepayforatotalof60roomsforfivenights.”陌生人的捐款帮助Payne总共支付了5个晚上60个房间的费用。可知，每个房间每晚70美元，她一共付了60个房间5个晚上的钱，所以Payne总共付了21,000美元。故选C。5．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"However，shecouldn'tstopthinkingaboutthehomelesspeopleintheareawhohadnowheretogo.”然而，她无法停止思考在该地区无家可归的人，他们无处可去；以及第五段中的"Withouthesitating,shepurchased30roomsforthenightwithhercreditcard.”她毫不犹豫地用信用卡购买了30个房间。可知，Payne是个既善良又大方的人。故选A。6．考查主旨大意。根据第一段"Recently,homelesspeopleacrossChicagofacedfreezingtodeathiftheycouldn'tfindshelterforthenight.Thankfully,onelocalwomanrefusedtoletthathappen.”最近，芝加哥各地无家可归的人如果找不到过夜的地方，就会被冻死。幸运的是，一位当地妇女拒绝让这种情况发生。可知，本文主要讲述了芝加哥一位妇女努力救助无家可归者，帮助他们过冬的事迹。故选D。7．考查推理判断。通读全文，根据第一段"Recently，homelesspeopleacrossChicagofacedfreezingtodeathiftheycouldn'tfindshelterforthenight.Thankfully,onelocalwomanrefusedtoletthathappen.”最近，芝加哥各地无家可归的人如果找不到过夜的地方，就会被冻死。幸运的是，一位当地妇女拒绝让这种情况发生；以及以及第三段中"‘Noonewantedthem,butonehotel,theAmberInn,thatwasniceenoughtoallowmetobuytherooms,'PaynetoldTODAY.”Payne告诉《今日》：“没有人想接纳他们，但有一家酒店——AmberInn非常好，允许我订下这些房间。"可知，本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了最近芝加哥一位妇女救助无家可归者的事迹。故选B。【答案】8．A9．D10．A11．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了随着气温的上升，英国的蚊虫更加猖獗，但本土蚊虫并不会对人产生危害。但是日益升高的温度可能会导致外来蚊虫物种的侵入，这可能会给英国带来麻烦。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．考查推理判断。根据第一段“Thissummer,asthecapitalofEnglandbecamewarmerthanbefore,therehasbeenmanystoriesfromLondonersexperiencingoddinsectbites.EventheLondonUndergroundhasitsownspeciesofmosquitowithaparticularappetiteforhumanblood.”今年夏天，随着英国首都变得比以前更暖和，伦敦人发生了许多奇怪的昆虫叮咬的故事。就连伦敦地铁也有自己的蚊子，特别喜欢人类的血液。可知，本段介绍了随着温度的上升，伦敦的人们越来越多地受到蚊虫叮咬。本段联系生活实际，展示了一个蚊虫日益猖獗的现象，进而引出下文对此现象的剖析。故选A。9．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"thefemalesofthesespeciesaremoredeadlythanthemales,beingtheonesthatseekoutanimalbloodasextranutritionfortheireggs.”这些物种的雌性比雄性更致命，因为它们会为自己的卵寻找动物的血液作为额外的营养。可知，雌性蚊虫要吸取动物的血为它们的卵提供额外的营养。故选D。10．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Thekeythingtoknowabouttheseinsectsisthatthey'refarmoreactiveinwarmweather.”关键要知道，这些昆虫在温暖的环境下更加活跃；以及"Theriseintemperatureseesinsectsgrowfaster.”温度上升使昆虫生长更快。可推断，昆虫在温暖的环境下生长的更快速。故选A。11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Butastheweatherwarmsupthere'smorechancethat,they'llsurviveandbecomeaproblem,soeffectivemeasuresshouldbetakenassoonaspossible.”NatalieBungay认为，随着温度的上升，它们有可能存活下来，造成麻烦，所以我们应该尽快采取措施应对。可推知他的态度是担忧的。故选B。【答案】12．D13．C14．B15．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了咀嚼会消耗人体能量。AdamvanCasteren通过做咀嚼软、硬口香糖消耗能量的实验证实了这个观点。但是由于人们每天咀嚼的时间很短，所以不会消耗太多能量。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。12．考查段落大意。根据第二段中的"Eachparticipantwasaskedtochewtwotypesofgum—onesoftandtheothertough—sotheycouldcomparetheeffectsofthegum'spropertiesontheparticipants'energyuse.”每个参与者都被要求咀嚼两种类型的口香糖——一种是软的，一种是硬的——这样他们就可以比较口香糖的特性对参与者能量消耗的影响。可知，本段主要讲述AdamvanCasteren通过做咀嚼软、硬口香糖的实验来测定咀嚼对人体能量的消耗，即一个有关咀嚼口香糖消耗能量的实验。故选D。13．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"chewingthesoftgumincreasedenergyexpenditurebyabout10percent,whilechewingthetoughergumincreasedthisusebyaround15percent.”嚼软口香糖会增加10%的能量消耗，而嚼硬口香糖会增加15%的能量消耗。可知，咀嚼软口香糖增加百分之十的能量消耗，而咀嚼硬口香糖增加百分之十五的能量消耗。本句中energyexpenditure和thisuse表达同一个意思，所以expenditure的意思是"消耗"。故选C。14．考查推理判断。根据第四段"Thefindingssuggestthattheenergyuserequiredtochewalsoexplainwhywedevelopedsuchstrongteethfortheaction.Anyamountofenergylostwhilechewingfood，makesthemealalessefficientsourceofenergy,sowemustfinishtheactionassoonaspossible.”研究结果表明，咀嚼所需的能量也解释了为什么我们的牙齿如此强壮。在咀嚼食物时损失的任何能量都会使这顿饭的能量来源变得更低，所以我们必须尽快完成这个动作。可知，这些发现表明，咀嚼造成的能量消耗也解释了为什么我们会进化出咀嚼所需的锋利的牙齿。可推知，长锋利的牙齿是为了尽快完成咀嚼的动作，进而降低咀嚼所消耗的能量。故选B。15．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Itwillcontributelessthan1percentoftotaldailyenergyusebecauseofrelativelyshortdailychewingtime.”由于每天的咀嚼时间相对较短，它只占每日总能量消耗的不到1%。可知，由于每天咀嚼的时间相对较短，每天咀嚼所消耗的能量占比小于百分之一，可推知，DylanThompson可能认为在日常生活中，咀嚼不会消耗太多能量。故选C。【答案】16．B；17．D；18．E；19．A；20．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，阐释了好的社会关系让我们健康快乐。第一，社会关系让我们更快乐、身体更好。第二，良好的社会关系才能产生益处。第三，良好的社会关系不仅保护身体，还能保护大脑。所以，我们应该考虑一个问题：我们应该把时间和精力投资在何处？

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据第二段中的"Thefirstisthatsocialconnectionsarereallygoodforus”第一，社会关系对我们真的很好；第三段中"Sothesecondbiglessonthatwelearnedisthatit'snotjustthenumberoffriendsyouhave,andit'snotwhetherornotyou'reinacommittedrelationship,butit'sthequalityofyourcloserelationshipsthatmatters”因此，我们学到的第二个重要事情是，重要的不仅仅是你有多少朋友，也不是你是否处于一段忠诚的关系中，而是你亲密关系的质量；以及第四段中的"Andthethirdbiglessonthatwelearnedaboutrelationshipsisthatgoodrelationshipsdon'tjustprotectourbodies,theyprotectourbrains”我们从人际关系中学到的第三个重要事情是，良好的人际关系不仅能保护我们的身体，还能保护我们的大脑。可知，下文要从三个方面来阐释社会关系。B选项中"threebiglessons"与之相对应，B.We'velearnedthreebiglessonsaboutrelationships.“我们已经从人际关系中吸取了三大教训。”符合语境，故选B。17．根据空前"Itturnsoutthatpeoplewhoaremoresociallyconnectedtoothersarehappier”事实证明，与他人社会关系更密切的人更幸福；以及空后"Onthecontrary,theexperienceoflonelinessturnsouttobeharmful”相反，孤独的经历是有害的。可知，前后内容相反，该空处应该进一步说明，有更多社会联系的好处。故选D。18．根据空后"High-conflictmarriages,forexample,withoutmuchlove,turnouttobeverybadforourhealth”例如，没有太多爱的高冲突婚姻对我们的健康非常不利。可知，在举例子说明，生活中的冲突对我们的健康不好，E.Itturnsoutthatlivingintheconflictisreallybadforourhealth.“事实证明，生活在冲突中对我们的健康确实有害。”与之相符，符合语境，故选E。19．根据空前"Itturnsoutthatbeinginasecurelyattachedrelationshipisprotective”处在安稳的关系中对人是有保护作用的；以及"Manypeopleareinrelationshipswheretheycangethelpfromtheotherpersonsintimesofneed”许多人处于一种关系中，他们可以在需要时从其他人那里获得帮助。可知，A选项的"Thesepeople"就是代指上文的"manypeople"，A选项的"memoriesstaysharperandlonger"又和本段的"thatgoodrelationshipsdon'tjustprotectourbodies,theyprotectourbrains"中的"protectourbrains"相呼应。A.Thesepeople'smemoriesstaysharperandlonger.“这些人的记忆更清晰、更长久。”符合语境，故选A。20．根据空前"So,goodandcloserelationshipsaregoodforourhealthandwell-being”因此，良好而亲密的关系有利于我们的健康和幸福。可知，C项是对上一句话的总结和深化。C选项中的"goodrelationships"与之相对应，C.Thatistosay,thegoodlifeisbuiltwithgoodrelationships.“也就是说，美好的生活是建立在良好的人际关系中的。”符合语境，故选C。【答案】21．B；22．A；23．D；24．C；25．A；26．D；27．C；28．B；29．A；30．C；31．D；32．C；33．B；34．A；35．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了一个相当贫穷，破旧不堪小村庄，有一个年轻的少年约翰尼，他和老奶奶住在一间木屋里。约翰尼曾梦想搬到一个更大的城市。有一天奶奶的话让约翰尼意识到，生活是多么美好，他很幸运能住在一个村庄里。

【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。21．句意：人们得努力工作来养活他们自己。A.remind“提醒”；B.support“支持”；C.enjoy“享受”；D.behave“表现”。根据上文"asmall,unkeptandratherpoorvillage”一个相当贫穷的，破旧不堪的小村庄，可知这个村庄很穷，人们得努力工作来养活他们自己。故选B。22．句意：约翰尼梦想搬到他以前从来没有去过的大城市。A.visited“参观，拜访”；B.imagined“想象”；C.described“描绘，描述”；D.introduced“介绍”。根据下文"couldn'tevengotothenearestcityforamoment”他甚至一次都没有去过最近的城市。可知约翰尼从来没有去过别的地方，因此他的梦想是搬到他以前从来没有拜访过的大城市。故选A。23．句意：约翰尼的朋友们都去了大城市度假。A.gathering“团聚”；B.treatment“治疗”；C.ceremony“仪式”；D.vacation“假期”。根据下文"Myfriendsarealltakingtripstoothercities”我的朋友们都去其他城市旅行了。可判断，约翰尼的朋友们是去了大城市度假。故选D。24．句意：只有约翰尼，他整个夏天都很无聊，甚至连最近的城市都不能去。A.curious“好奇的”；B.regretful“后悔的”；C.bored“无聊的”；D.amused“好笑的”。根据空后"couldn'tevengotothenearestcityforamoment”他甚至一次都没有去过最近的城市。可知约翰尼从来没有去过别的地，所以约翰尼厌倦了在村子里度过长长的暑假。故选C。25．句意：约翰尼怏怏不乐地走进小屋，倒在暗褐色沙发上。A.unhappily“不开心地”；B.unbelievably“难以置信地”；C.unexpectedly“出乎意料地”；D.unconsciously“不知不觉地”。根据下文"‘Areyouokay,dear?'Hisgrandmaasked.‘No!'"可知约翰尼郁闷地走进小屋，倒在暗褐色沙发上。故选A。26．句意："不！"约翰尼大喊道。A.brokedown“分解”；B.passeddown“传下来”；C.pointedout“指出”；D.burstout“大声叫喊”。根据上文"OnlyJohnny,whowas4allsummerlong,andcouldn'tevengotothenearestcityforamoment.”只有约翰尼，他整个夏天都很无聊，甚至连最近的城市都不能去。约翰尼看到朋友们都能去大城市度假，自己却只能待在这个小村庄里，心情特别不好，因此根据约翰尼所说的话可知，约翰尼是大声叫喊着说的。故选D。27．句意：我的朋友们都去其他城市，甚至国家，而我被困在这个地方！A.interested“感兴趣的”；B.absorbed“极感兴趣的，全神贯注的”；C.stuck“困住的”；D.involved“复杂的”。根据上文"OnlyJohnny,whowasboredallsummerlong,andcouldn'tevengotothenearestcityforamoment.”只有约翰尼，他整个夏天都很无聊，甚至连最近的城市都不能去。约翰尼一整个夏天都在村子里，根据语境和约翰尼的情绪可知，约翰尼觉得自己被困在这个小地方。故选C。28．句意：约翰尼的奶奶非常的吃惊。A.disappointed“失望的”；B.shocked“震惊的”；C.inspired“受鼓舞的”；D.ashamed“感到羞愧的”。根据上文"I'm7inthisplace!”我被困在这个地方了！以及约翰尼的情绪以及所说的话可知，奶奶很震惊。故选B。29．句意：一天，约翰尼醒来了。A.woke“清醒”；B.turned“变得”；C.gave“给”；D.grew“生长”。根据下文"Hewalkedoutsidetolookatthegoldensun”他走出门看到了金色的太阳。可知，早晨起床之后才能看到太阳。故选A。30．句意：他走到外面，看着金色的太阳从地平线上升起，坚定地站在大海和蓝天的衬托下。A.landing“登陆”；B.wandering“漫步”；C.rising“升起”；D.burning“燃烧”。根据语境可知，早晨的太阳是从地平线升起。故选C。31．句意："听着，约翰尼。"她郑重地说道。A.recalled“回忆起”；B.complained“抱怨”；C.shouted“大喊