华中科技大学春季博士研究生英语入学考试试题一

资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当或者侵权，请联系改正或者删除。年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题(1)I.Cloze(0.5x20=10%)Directions:Inthispartyouareaskedtochoosethebestwordforeachblankinthepassage.Writeyouranswersontheanswersheet.Althoughmostpeoplereturnfrompackageholidaysreasonablysatisfied,thisisnotalwaysthe(1)___.Take,forinstance,thenightmareexperienceofaFrenchmanwhowentona(2)___toColombia.ThehotelinthesmallCaribbeanportwasoverbooked.Theholidaymakerwas(3)___roundthestreets,lookingfora(4)___andbreakfastplace,whenhewasarrestedforvagrancy.Hewas(5)___,wherehetoldthemagistratethatitwasthehotel's(6)___.Themagistratewasthehotel-owner'sbrother,andhechargedthetourist(7)___makingfalseaccusationsandsenthimtoprisonforeighthadleft.Hehadinsufficientfundstobuyareturnticket,(9)___hewenttothePostOfficetosendatelegramtohishomeinMontpellier,askingformoney.Hewas(10)___beforehecouldsendit.Thistimehewaschargedwithlegal(11)___.Itwasexplainedthat,havingmissedhisreturn(12)___,hecouldnolongerbeclassifiedasatourist.Henowneededawork(13)___,hedidn'thaveone.Hewasfined$500forthis(14)___,andafurther$500whenheagainblamedthehotelforoverbooking.His(15)___wasconfiscatedbecausehecouldn'tpaythefines.Hehitch-hikedtoBogota(16)theconsulatefinallyarrangedtosendhimhome.Allthings(17)___,Iwouldprefertoplanmyholidayindependently.(18)___myview,it'ssaferto"doityourself!"Andtheadvantagesofplanningyourholidayyourselfare(19)___.Ifitiswell-planned,anindependentholidaycanusuallybegood(20)___formoney.1.A.occurrenceB.situationC.stateD.case2.A.packageB.holidayC.festivalD.celebration3.A.strollingB.saunteringC.wanderingD.patrolling4.A.accommodationB.hotelC.bedD.lodging5.A.takentocourtB.broughttothepolicestationC.takentothereformschoolD.senttoprison6.A.faultB.blameC.dutyD.responsibility7.A.ofB.withC.forD.to8.A.freedomB.dischargeC.releaseD.liberty9.A.andB.thoughC.butD.so10.A.finedB.re-arrestedC.arrestedD.punished11.A.citizenshipB.naturalizationC.migrationD.immigration12.A.tripB.ticketC.flightD.journey13.A.licenseB.allowanceC.permissionD.permit14.A.crimeB.offenceC.faultD.error15.A.luggageB.belongingC.thingD.luggages16.A.whenB.afterC.whereD.while17.A.consideredB.beingconsideredC.wereconsideredD.considering18.A.ToB.InC.ByD.With19.A.considerableB.thinkableC.considerateD.imaginable20.A.bargainB.buyC.saleD.valueII.Readingcomprehension(20x2=40%)Directions:Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Aftereachpassage,therearefivequestions.Youaretochoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.Writeyouranswersontheanswersheet.PassageoneAnanestheticisanythingthatproducesatemporarylossoffeelinginallorpartofthebody.Anestheticsare15

giventothoseabouttoundergosurgeryorotherpainfulmedicalproceduressothattheywillfeelnopain.Thisalsohelpsthedoctorsdotheirjob.Thepatientremainsstillduringtheoperation.Imaginethehorrorofhavingtogothroughanoperationwideawake,withnothingtostopthepain!Thisiswhatfacedpeoplebeforethediscoveryofmodernanestheticsinthenineteenthcentury.Untilthendoctorsandothershadtriedtoanesthetizepatientsbyeverymeansfromdruggingthemormakingthemdrunktohittingthemonthehead.Theninthe1940stwoAmericandoctors,CrawfordLongandWilliamMorton,provedthatpatientswhobreathedacertainamountofagascalledetherwouldremainunconscious,unmoving,andunfeelingforthelengthofanoperation.Theywouldnotbesubjecttoagony.Todaymedicalspecialistscalledanesthesiologistsemploygasessuchasnitrousoxide("laughinggas"),orinjecteddrugs.Sometimesbothareadministered.Theseanestheticskeeppatientsunconsciousforthemanyhourssomecomplexoperationsrequire.Formajoroperations,ageneralanestheticisusual.Thepatientisgivenagasordrugthatisabsorbedbytheblood,whichthencirculatesittothenervoussystem.Astheanestheticnumbsthecentralnervoussystem,thebodyofthepersonundergoingsurgeryrelaxesandceasestofeel.Someoperations,however,requireonlyalocalanesthetic.Thisconsistsofadruginjectedintotheareatobeoperatedon,todeadenthelocalnerves.Onlythatparticularpartofthebodyisaffected.Ifyourdentisthasevergivenyounovocainebeforepullingorfillingatooth,youhaveexperiencedlocalanesthesia.Athirdtypeofanestheticisthespinal.Aninjectionofadrugintothespinalcord,whichrunsalongthebackbone,completelydesensitizesnervesandrelaxesmusclesinallpartsofthebodybelowthepointofinjection.Thepatientdoesn'tfeelanything.Heorsheissparedseverepain.21.Themainpurposeofanestheticsisto___.A.helppeoplestopthinkingduringanoperationB.producealossoffeelinginallorpartofthebodyC.undergosurgeryorotherpainfulmedicalproceduresD.remainstillduringtheoperation22.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____.A.peopleinthepastdidnothingtostopthepainduringtheoperationB.drunkenpeopledidn'tfeelpainatallC.patientswhobreathedetheralmostdiedD.beforethediscoveryofmodernanesthetics,doctorsalsotriedhardtoreducethepain23.Theword"numbs"(par.3)probablymeans____.A.deadensB.movesC.losesD.feels24.Someoperationsrequireonlyalocalanestheticinwhich____.A.youhaveyourteethpulledorfilledB.adrugisinjectedonlyintotheareatobeoperatedonC.youwillreceivenovocaineD.bothgasesanddrugsaretobeused25.Whenapersonisgiventhethirdtypeofanesthetic,____.A.hewillcompletelyloseconsciousnessB.hewillremainstillforalongertimeC.allpartsofthebodybelowthepointofinjectwillceasetofeelD.allpartsofthebodywillnotfeelanythingPassagetwoNaturallytheyoungaremoreinclinedtonoveltythantheireldersanditisintheirspeech,asitalwayswas,thatmostoftheverbalchangesoriginate.ButlisteningcriticallytotheirtalkIhearhardlyanynewwords.Itisallamatterofusingoldwordsinanewwayandthencopyingeachother,formuchastheywishtospeakdifferentlyfromtheirparents,theywantevenmoretospeaklikepeopleoftheirownage.Anewusageoncetooktimeto16

spread,butnowapopstarcanfalsifyitacrosstheworldinhours.Ofcourseitisnotonlytheyoungwholiketousethelatestin-word.Whiletheyaredescribingtheiridolsassmashing,great,faborcosmic,theirparentsandthemorediscriminatingoftheyoungersetarealsogropingforwordsofpraisethatareatonceaptandfashionable.However,theirchoiceofsplendid,brilliant,fantasticandsoonwillinturnbeslightlydimmedbyover-useandneedreplacement.Magicisathemethathasregularlysuppliedwordsofpraise(andthechoicemustbetraysomethinginournature).Charming,entrancingandenchantingareallbasedonit.Soalsoismarvelous,whichhasbeenusedsomuchthatsomeofitsmagichasfadedwhileamongteenagerswizardhadagreatrun.Anotherofthisgroup,thoughyoumightnotthinkit,isglamorous,whichwasalltherageinthegreatdaysofHollywood.GlamourwasaScottishdialectformof'grammar'or'grammarye',whichitselfwasanoldwordforenchantment.(Grammarmeansthestudyofwordshavealwaysbeenattheheartofmagic.)Thechangefrom'r'to'l'mayhavecomeaboutthroughtheassociationwithwordslikegleamingandglittering.Onthewhole,whenanewwordtakesovertheoldonesremain,weakenedbutstillinuse,sothatthetotalstockincreasesallthetime.Butsomethatstartonlyasslangandneverriseabovetheclasscandisappearcompletely.'Didyoureallysayrippingwhenyouwereyoung'mygranddaughteraskedme,ratherlikeaskingifIeverworeasuitofarmour.OfcourseIdidanditwasnosillierthansmashing,whichsomeofhercontemporariesarestillsaying.26.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutyoungpeopleintheirspeechTheyusewordsinventedbypopstars.Theycopythespeechoftheircontemporaries.Theygivewordsnewmeanings.Theyinventwordsthatolderpeoplecannotunderstand.27.Accordingtothepassage,wordsofpraisekeepchangingbecause___.theylosetheirfreshnesstherearemorewordsavailableinthisareayoungpeoplearebecomingmorediscriminatingolderpeopletrytoavoidthein-wordsoftheyoung28.Thefactthatmagicisafrequentsourceofwordsofpraisesuggeststhatpeople___.lacklinguisticoriginalityhavealwaysbeeninterestedinmagicarebecomingmoresuperstitiousareinterestedinmagicwhenyoung29.Totheauthor'sgranddaughtertheword'ripping'___.seemsstrangeandold-fashionedhasaclearermeaningthanitdoesfortheauthorisunacceptablebecauseitisslangmeansmuchthesameas'smashing'30.Thepassageismainlydiscussing___.thedifferencebetweentheoldandtheyounginusingwordsthereplacementofsomewordsbecausetheiroldfashionthedevelopmentoflanguagethecauseoflanguagechangePassagethreeIremembermeetinghimoneeveningwithhispushcart.Ihadmanagedtosellallmypapersandwascominghomeinthesnow.ItwasthatstrangehourindowntownNewYorkwhentheworkerswerepouringhomewardinthetwilight.Imarchedamongthousandsoftiredmenandwomenwhothefactorywhistleshad17

unyoked.Theyflowedinriversthroughtheclothingfactorydistricts,thendownalongtheavenuestotheEastSide.ImetmyfathernearCooperUnion.Irecognizedhim,ahunched,frozenfigureinanoldovercoatstandingbyabananacart.Helookedsolonely,thetearscametomyeyes.Thenhesawme,andhisfacelitwithhissad,beautifulsmile---CharlieChaplin'ssmile."Arch,it'sMikey,"hesaid."Soyouhavesoldyourpapers!Comeandeatabanana."Heofferedmeone.Irefusedit.Ifeltitcrucialthatmyfathersellhisbananas,notgivethemaway.HethoughtIwasshy,andcoaxedandjokedwithme,andmademeeatthebanana.Itsmelledofwetstrawandsnow."Youhaven'tsoldmanybananastoday,pop,"Isaidanxiously.Heshruggedhisshoulders."WhatcanIdoNooneseemstowantthem."Itwastrue.Theworkcrowdspushedhomemoroselyoverthepavements.TherustyskydarkenedoverNewYorkbuildings,thetallstreetlampswerelit,innumerabletrucks,streetcarsandelevatedtrainsclatteredby.Nobodyandnothinginthegreatcitystoppedformyfather'sbananas."Ioughttoyell,"saidmyfatherdolefully."Ioughttomakeabignoiselikeotherpeddlers,butitmakesmythroatsore.Anyway,I'mashamedofyelling,itmakesmefeellikeafool."Ihadeatenoneofhisbananas.MysickconsciencetoldmethatIoughttopayforitsomehow.Imustremainhereandhelpmyfather."I'llyellforyou,pop,"Ivolunteered."Arch,no,"hesaid,"gohome;youhaveworkedenoughtoday.JusttellmommaI'llbelate."ButIyelledandyelled.Myfather,standingby,spokeoccasionalwordsofpraise,andsaidIwasawonderfulyeller.Nobodyelsepaidattention.Theworkersdriftedpastuswearily,endlessly;adefeatedarmywrappedindreamsofhome.Elevatedtrainscrashed;theCooperUnionclockburnedaboveus;theskygrewblack,thewindpoured,theslushburnedthroughourshoes.Therewerethousandsofstrange,silentfigurespouringoverthesidewalksinsnow.Noneofthemstoppedtobuybananas.Iyelledandyelled,nobodylistened.Myfathertriedtostopmeatlast."Nu,"hesaidsmilingtoconsoleme,"thatwaswonderfulyelling,Mikey.Butititsplainweareunluckytoday!Let'sgohome."Iwasfrantic,andalmostintears.Iinsistedonkeepingupmydesperateyells.Butatlastmyfatherpersuadedmetoleavewithhim.31."unyoked"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto___.sentoutB.releasedC.dispatchedD.removed32.WhichofthefollowinginthefirstparagraphdoesNOTindicatecrowdsofpeopleThousandsofB.FlowedC.PouringD.Unyoked33.WhichofthefollowingisintendedtobeapairofcontrastinthepassageHugecrowdsandlonelyindividuals.Weatherconditionsandstreetlamps.Clatteringtrainsandpeddlers'yells.Movingcrowdsandstreettraffic.34.WhichofthefollowingwordsisNOTsuitabletodescribethecharacterofthesonCompassionateB.ResponsibleC.ShyD.Determined35.WhatisthethemeofthestoryThemiseryofthefactoryworkers.Howtosurviveinaharshenvironment.Generationgapbetweenthefatherandtheson.Lovebetweenthefatherandtheson.18

PassagefourAmericansarepeopleobsessedwithchild-rearing.Intheirbooks,magazines,talkshows,parenttrainingcourses,WhiteHouseconferences,andchatsoverthebackfence,theyendlesslydebatethebestwaystoraisechildren.Moreover,Americansdomorethandebatetheirtheories;theytranslatethemintoaction.Theyerectplaygroundsfortheyoungsters'pleasure,equiplargeschoolsfortheireducation,andtrainskilledspecialistsfortheirwelfare.WholeindustriesinAmericaaredevotedtomakingchildrenhappy,healthyandwise.Butthisinterestinchildhoodisrelativelynew.Infact,untilveryrecentlypeopleconsideredchildhoodjustabrief,unimportantpreludetoadulthoodandtherealbusinessofliving.Byandlargetheyeitherignoredchildren,beatthem,orfondledthemcarelessly,muchaswewouldamuseourselveswithalitterofpuppies.Whentheygaveseriousthoughttochildrenatall,peopleeitherconceivedofthemasminiatureadultsoraspeculiar,unformedanimals.Downthroughtheagestheexperiencesofchildhoodhavebeenasvariedasitsduration.Actionsthatwouldhaveprovokedabeatinginoneeraelicitextralovingcareinanother.Babieswhohavebeennurturedexclusivelybytheirmothersinoneepochareleftwithday-careworkersinanother.Insomeplaceschildrenhavebeentrainedtostraddleunsteadycanoes,negotiatetreacherousmountainpasses,andcarryheavybundlesontheirheads.Inotherplacestheyhavebeentaughtcomplicatedpianoconcertiandlongmultiplicationtables.Butdiverseasithasbeen,childhoodhasonecommonexperienceatitscoreandthatisthesocialaspectofnurture.Allchildrenneedadultstobringthemup.Becausehumanyoungtakesolongtobecomeindependent,wethinkthatcivilizationmayhavegrownuparoundtheneedtofeedandprotectthem.Certainly,fromtheearliestdaysofman,adultshavemadeprovisionforthechildrenintheirmidst.36.Childreninthepastwereill-treatedorpettedbecausetheywere____.knowingnothingofadultlifeseenasuninterestingconsideredofnosignificanceconceivedofashavinganimalnatures37.ThepresentdayAmericanobsessionwithchild-rearinghas____.broughtaboutineffectualactionbroughtintobeingpointlessdiscussionshadfar-reachingresultsproducedendlesstheories38.InwhatwayarechildhoodexperiencesdifferentfromeachotherA.Childrenhavebeenalternatelybeatenandlovedthroughtheages.Insomeplacesphysicaltraininghasgivenwaytoencouragingcreativity.Parentshaveincreasinglytakencontroloftheirchildren'snurturing.Therehavebeendifferencesinchild-rearingindifferentepochs.39.Accordingtotheauthor,children____.A.needintensiveadultnurturingaretheinstigatorsofcivilizationremainphysicallydependentuntiladulthoodhavecommonsocialexperiences40.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetodevelopmentsintheperceptionofchildhoodA.Couldn'tjudge.Indifferent.Positive.Neutral.PartIIITranslation(30%)19

SectionAFromChineseintoEnglish(15%)Directions:TranslatethefollowingthreeunderlinedpartsfromChineseintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheanswersheet.1瑞典公布的一项研究结果有力地证实,单亲家庭的孩子比双亲家庭的孩子更容易患心理疾病.五分之一瑞典家庭的孩子是由单亲父母带大的.鉴于该国和其它工业化国家的离婚率创下历史新高的现状,来自"国家健康和福利委员会"的一个政府小组试图搞清那些和单亲父母生活在一起的孩子的社会生活状况.在对6.5万名单亲孩子进行了9年跟踪调查后,研究人员在医学期刊《柳叶刀》上发表报告说,这些孩子在身心方面的健康状况均不如在双亲家庭中生活的孩子.行为科学家格尼拉琳班克韦特福特说,"我们发现,单亲家庭的孩子出现不良后果的危险在增加."她说,单亲家庭的孩子更容易患精神方面的疾病,发生自杀行为,酗酒和吸毒.2该研究显示,问题的主要原因是经济拮据,这取决于父亲(或母亲)是否领取社会福利金以及没有自己的住房而租房居住.越穷的家庭,孩子表现得越糟糕.韦特福特女士说,其它工业化国家的单亲孩子的境遇更糟糕,因为她们没有瑞典那种使大多数公民免于贫困的广泛福利金."从国际角度来看,和别的国家相比,瑞典的单亲父母的社会经济状况似乎是相当优越的."可是,瑞典不存在经济拮据的状况令英国利物浦大学的公共健康专家玛格利特怀特海德怀疑,在该研究报告提出的问题背后是经济地位在起作用.3她说,"这份研究报告提出了令人严重关注的健康问题,但它却没告诉我们问题出现的原因,以及我们该从何下手加以援助".SectionBFromEnglishintoChinese(15%)Directions:TranslatethefollowingthreeunderlinedpartsfromEnglishintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheanswersheet.TheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrosssaysitwillneednearly$650milliontohelpvictimsofarmedconflictandviolencenextyear.TheGeneva-basedICRCrunshumanitarianoperationsinsome80countries.1TheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrosshasoperationsinjustabouteverytroublespotintheworld,includingAfghanistanandthePalestinianterritories.2However,itsaysitwillhavetoexpanditsoperationsevenmorenextyearbecauseofthedeterioratingsituationsinthosecountries.ThedirectorofICRCOperations,Pierre