考点10 主谓一致 （核心考点精讲精练）高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考）

考点10主谓一致（核心考点精讲精练）1.高考真题考点分布考点题型谓语动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致年份试卷类型考点考向语法填空20242024·新课标I卷___60_walks__(walk)一般现在时与主谓一致2024·新课标II卷__38_were_(be);_41_bebuilt__(build)一般过去时与主谓一致；被动语态2024·全国乙卷__44_were__(be)一般过去时与主谓一致2024·全国北京卷___13gives___(give)一般现在时与主谓一致2024·年浙江1月42_havestarted(start)现在完成时与主谓一致20232023·新课标I卷//2023·新课标II卷___65wished__(wish)一般过去时2023·全国乙卷wasamazed;means;一般过去时与主谓一致，一般现在时与主谓一致2023·全国甲卷//2023·年北京卷wouldthrow13.hadarrivedhasestablished一般将来时；过去完成时；现在完成时与主谓一致2023·年浙江1月featured一般过去时20222022·新课标I卷were;isdesigned一般过去时与主谓一致；一般现在时表达语态与主谓一致2022·新课标II卷wasfixing43.threw过去进行时与主谓一致；一般过去时2022·全国乙卷addressed一般过去时2022·全国甲卷haswalked现在完成时与主谓一致2022·年北京卷caught;has;一般过去时；一般现在时与主谓一致；现在完成时与主谓一致hasincreased2022·年浙江1月isviewed或hasbeenviewedare；havepromised一般现在时被动语态与主谓一致；主谓一致；现在完成时被动语态与主谓一致2.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于主谓一致的考查共计16次，是考查的热点和重点，谓语动词主谓一致主要考查：一般现在时中的主谓一致；‘’一般过去时中的主谓一致；3.现在完成时中的主谓一致；4.被动语态中的主谓一致。【备考策略】1.掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致；2.掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配；3.掌握定语从句中的主谓一致；4.掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。3.【命题预测】预计2025年高考主谓一致仍然是考查的重点、难点和热点。主谓一致不会单独考查，一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。必备基础知识：主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语一致，一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则：就是从语法形式上取得致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词亦为复数形式。意义一致原则：就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致的问题。主语形式为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词依意义而定,也采用复数形式。就近一致原则：是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和与其最近的主语保持一致。做题时还要保证时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。01语法一致原则语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；反之，谓语动词用复数形式。Mychildhasnointentionofspendingavacationwithme.

我的孩子不想与我一起度假。Mychildrenhavenointentionofspendingavacationwithme.

我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。当主语后面接由aswellas,accompaniedby,including,inadditionto,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan,with,togetherwith等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。Pronunciationaswellasgrammarchangesquickly.发音与语法一样变化很快。由lotsof,alotof,anumberof,plentyof等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。Agreatnumberofstudentswhowereinvitedtothepartywerefrommyschool.很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。Agreatdealofwaterispollutedeveryyear.每年大量的水被污染。易混点：quantities/amountsof修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity和amount的单复数形式。QuantitiesofinformationareavailableontheInternet.在网上可得到大量的信息。定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。ThosewhowerepraisedatthemeetingwouldbesenttoAmericaforfurtherstudy.在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。Russiaisupgradingitsnorthernfleet,whichincludes18icebreakers.俄罗斯正在升级它的北海舰队，准备增加18艘破冰船。倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致a．倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后面的主语是复数，动词用复数。Abuildingstandsinfrontofus.→Infrontofusstandsabuilding.我们面前矗立着一栋楼。b．在强调句中，如果被强调的成分是原来句子的主语，引导词that(或who)后面的谓语与被强调的成分在人称和数上保持一致。ItisLilywhoisadoctor.莉莉是一名医生。动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnotsodifficultasyouthink.学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。Thathehaswonthegameisknowntousall.他赢了这场比赛是我们都知道的事。Swimminginriversinsummerisagoodsport,buttoswiminriversinwinterneedsgreatwillpower.夏天在河里游泳是很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。注意：从句作主语时，若主句谓语部分为系表结构，主句谓语的数通常由作表语的名词/代词决定。Whattheyneedismoneywhilewhatweneedmostaretextbooks.他们需要的是钱，而我们最需要的是教科书。1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhouse____60____(walk)visitorsthroughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritainfor____61the____firsttime.2.【2024全国甲卷】They____44____（be）partofa15-memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfiveawesomeweeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.【2024届湖南省永州市高三下学期第三次模拟】Sofar,fromswiftlyflowingrivervalleystomist-coveredmountains,denseforestsandsteepcliffs,whereverthereiswaterandsoil,terraces4(dig).02意义一致原则and,both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。Herteacherandherfriendsareonholiday.她的老师和朋友们都在度假中。Thepoetandwriterhasproducedmanyworks.这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。2.“no/each/every/manya＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/manya＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。EveryboyandeverygirlwishestoattendthepartytobeheldnextSunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会。3.“anumberof＋复数名词”表示“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“thenumberof＋复数名词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Anumberofmeasureswerebeingtakentoprotecttheendangeredanimals人们正采取各种措施保护濒危动物。Thenumberofstaffhasdeclinedfrom218,000to116,000.员工人数从21.8万下降到了11.6万。4.分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致。therest,theremaining/part...，plentyof,agreatdealof等＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。Thefirstpartofthelecturewasvividbuttheremainingwasveryboring.讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。Only60percentoftheworkwasfinishedyesterday.昨天只干了60%的活。5.集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等。Theclassconsistsof25boysand20girls.这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。Theclassaredoingexperiments.全班学生都在做实验。6.示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.三千英里是一段很长的距离。7.以­s/­ics结尾的学科名词，如physics,politics等及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Badnewstravelsquickly.[谚语]坏事传千里。8.单复数同形的名词，如：deer，sheep，fish，means，works，Chinese等作主语时，要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。Allmeanshavebeentried.所有方式都试过了。Everymeanshasbeentried.每一种方式都试过了。“the+形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Thewoundedhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.受伤的人被治愈，同时失踪的人也被找到了.1.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】“SomeofthethingsthatTangwaswritingabout___38___(be)alsoShakespeare’sconcerns.2.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six___70___(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.1.（2023·浙江省金华十校模拟）LakePowell,thesecondlargesthuman-madereservoir(水库)intheUS,haslostnearly7%ofitspotentialstoragecapacitysinceit______(build)in1963.2.1.Allweneed_________asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.are B.was C.is D.were03就近一致原则由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。NeitherJimnorhisparentsknowanythingaboutit.吉姆和他母亲都不知道这件事。在Therebe句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。Thereisapen,twoknivesandseveralbooksonthetable.桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。→Therearetwoknives,apenandseveralbooksonthetable.桌子上有两把小刀、一支钢笔和几本书。manya/morethanone＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Manyaparentwasforcedtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.很多父母都被迫经历这一段痛苦的过程。1．Eitherthemanagerorhisassistants(is,are)toattendthemeeting.2．Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher(be)againsttheplanatthattime.1.Toavoidgathering,neitherthestudentsnortheirheadteacher________(be)goingtothepartythisevening.2.NotonlysomeinternationalstarsbutalsotheChinesesingeranddancer______（give）wonderfulperformancesattheconcertrecently.04书面表达中主谓不一致易错点聚焦英语的谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。由于受汉语的影响，许多同学在写作时经常忽略句子的主谓一致关系，从而出现错误。例：Onceonehavetime,hecandowhathewanttodo.人一旦有了时间，他就能想干什么就干什么。解析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has；同理，want应改为wants，本句是典型的主谓不一致。改为：Onceonehastime,hecandowhathewantstodo.（最新模拟试题演练）1.【2024届河南省濮阳市高三下学期二模】“Thepromotionofhanfu39(become)easierinrecentyears.2.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期一模拟考试】Lookingahead,themuseumsouvenirmarketinChina50(expect)tocontinuegrowing.3.【2024届贵州省遵义市高三下学期第二次模拟测试】Chinesesauerkraut,apicklewhich3(make)ofChinesecabbage,isatraditionalspecialtyofthenortheasternregionandisnowsoldaroundthecountry4exportedoverseas.4.【2024届山东省聊城市高三下学期二模】Chineseacrobatic(杂技)datesbacktotheNeolithic,whenancientpeopledevelopeditfromdailylifeforenjoymentandcelebration.Theuseofdailyitemssuchastables,chairs,bowlsandplates1(be)commonintheirperformances.5.【2024届安徽省马鞍山市高三下学期三模】Attheheartoftheexhibition,GirlonaSwing5(surround)byblock-colorpaintingsandarecreatedgrassyarea,reflectingtheartist’sinnerworldwithcolorsofgoldencornfields,shiningsun,andexpansivegreeneryspreadingout.6.【2024届四川省眉山市仁寿县四川省仁寿第一中学校模拟】TheDongfengLandingSitehasasearchzoneoftensofthousandsofsquarekilometers,which5(contain)desert,saltflats,aswellaswetlandsthatmakeitchallengingtofindout6thereentrymodulemightland.7.【2024届四川省泸州市高三下学期三模】Attheageof6,shestartedtohelphermothertomakeSuembroideryitems,allofwhich29(sell)tosupportthefamily.8.【2024届河南省开封市高三下学期三模】Thepreciselocationsoftheshipwrecksandtheassociatedculturalrelics36(determine)throughtheuseofoceanographictechnologyandunderwaterinvestigationsinvolvingmannedsubmersibles,whichconducted41divesthroughouttheyear,asconfirmedbySongJianzhong,37researcherattheNationalCenterforArchaeology.9.【2024届内蒙古自治区赤峰市赤峰市三模】Beforethenewdiscovery,thefishingandhunting45(know)tobemainactivitiesinHongshanancestors’life.10.【2024届湖北省高三下学期新高考三模】Mid-AutumnFestivalandLunarNewYearareasimportanttotheminAustraliaasthey4(be)inChina,andwillcontinuetobeso.11.【2024届安徽省合肥市高三下学期二模】Uponreturn,Huang8(appoint)chiefscientistofChina’sbiggestdeepearthexplorationprogram.12.【2024届江西省景德镇市高三下学期第三次质量检测】Thistypeofembroidery13(feature)abolduseofbrilliantcolors.ChenYunzhen,fromBeichuanQiangAutonomousCountyinSichuanProvince,isamasterofQiangembroidery.13.【四川省成都市成实外教育联盟2023-2024学年高三下学期联考】Thisphilosophy38(fascinate)andinspiredpeopleinChina,aswellasthoseinmanyAsiancountriesandmorerecentlyintheWest,overthecourseofmanycenturies.14.【2024届江西省新余市高三下学期二模】Cleaningmustbedonebeforetheholiday,46(typical)inJanuaryorFebruary,sincesweepingafterthefestivities47(see)asremovinggoodluck.15.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】“I’mjustwaiting.Itrustmyteam.Oncethedecision52(make),Iwillrevieweverything.Twoyearswouldbelong,inthecaseofoneyearImightsee.16.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】GuardiolaisexpectedtoleavewhenhiscurrentCitydeal56(end)nextyearbutDeBruynedoesnotseethatasareasontomoveonhimself.17.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】Thisisobvious59ManCitylostthetwoPremierLeaguematcheswhichDeBruynedidn’tparticipatein,scoringnone,andit60(be)DeBruynehimselfcontributingawholelottosaveManCityfrombeingslashedbyRealMadrid.18.【2024届湖南省永州市高三下学期第三次模拟】Dazhai,avillage1(surround)bymountainsonallsidesinGuangxi'sLongshengautonomouscountyofvariousethnicgroups,whichboastsaround66squarekilometersofterraced(梯田形的)fieldsthathavebeencultivatedforaround2,300years,2(attract)tensofthousandsofvisitorseveryyear.19.20.【2024届辽宁省重点高中协作校联考高三下学期4月高考模拟】Porcelainisthecreativefruitof8workingpeopleofancientChina.SincetheHanandTangDynasties,porcelain9(export)worldwide.【2024届四川省成都市金牛区成都外国语学校高三下学期零诊模拟】Inanageofrapidlygrowingurbanization,rooftopfarminghasemergedasasustainableresponse1thechallengeofcreatinggreenspaceincities.Thisinnovativepracticetransformsrooftopsintominifarms,wherevegetables,fruits,andevenflowers2(plant),providinglocalresidentswithfreshproduceandaddingatouchofnaturetourbanenvironments.Rooftopfarming,also3(refer)toasverticalagriculture,ismorethanjustatrend;it’sasteptowardsenvironmentalconservation.Greenroofswithvegetationhelptoabsorbsunlightandreleasemoisture,coolingtheairandreducingthedemandforairconditioning,4inturnlessensenergy5(consume)andcarbonemission.Meanwhile,rooftopfarmsserveaseducationalplatforms,6(teach)citydwellersaboutsustainableagriculturepracticesandtheimportanceof7(local)sourcedfood.Asurbanpopulationscontinuetogrow,rooftopfarmingfosterscommunityengagement8promoteshealthierlifestylesbyprovidingaccesstofreshandorganicproduce.Whenwelooktowards9futurewhereenvironmentalconsciousnessandsustainablepracticesbecomeincreasinglyvital,rooftopfarmingstandsasatestamenttoourabilitytocultivatemorethanjustfood—wecultivatehopefora10(green)andmoreresilient(可迅速恢复的)world.2024年1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhouse____60____(walk)visitorsthroughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritainfor____61____firsttime.2.【2024全国甲卷】They____44____（be）partofa15-memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfiveawesomeweeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】“SomeofthethingsthatTangwaswritingabout___38___(be)alsoShakespeare’sconcerns.4.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,___40___(inspire)byThePeonyPavilion,___41___(build)attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.5.【2024北京卷】OnApril5,2024,JohnTinniswood___15___(name)theworld’soldestlivingman.6.【2024浙江1月卷】Ifyoursupermarketsellslooseproduce,thenbuyingsmallerquantitiesiseasier.Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarkets____42____(start)sellingchickenorsaladinpacks____43____(design)withtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).2023年1.【2023年全国乙卷】____46____(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I____47____(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing....The____49____(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,_____50_____(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.2.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizensofhighersocialclasses59(permit)toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.3.【2023年北京卷】Forthesereasons,theyarepraisedas“coastalguardians”.Uptonow,China____16____(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.2022年1.【2022新高考I卷】Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat__________(be)previouslyunprotected....Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP__________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(资产)forfuturegenerations”.2.【2022全国甲卷】Inthelastfiveyears,Cao___________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents3.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane________（view）asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.4.【2022年浙江卷1月】ButCobbandothers________（be）nowquestioningthatideapushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotely,and________（change）theirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis....OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists__________（promise）toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.5.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry___42___(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.6.【2022年北京卷】Thishasbeenadoptedtoensureeasierdetectionofgas