Unit3Immoreoutgoingthanmysister.课时3Grammar（学生版）八年级英语讲义（人教版）

Unit3I’mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.目标导航目标导航Grammar（课时3）知识精讲知识精讲形容词和副词的比较级一、定义比较级用于两者(人或事物)的比较，表示其中一个比另一个＂更……＂或＂较……＂，后面用连词than连接另一个所比较的人或事物。二、用法1.表示两个人或事物作比较时，形容词要用比较级形式，形容词比较级之后常用than引出比较的对象。Thispenislongerthanthatone.这支钢笔比那支长。NewYorkisbiggerthanCambridge.纽约比剑桥大。2.表示两者之间的选择，意为＂哪一个更……＂。Whoistaller,LilyorLucy?莉莉和露西相比，谁更高？三、形容词比较级的变化1.形容词或副词的比较级的规则变化：构成方式例词规则变化单音节和部分双音节词一般在词尾加er，estsmall→smaller→smallesthard→harder→hardest以不发音的字母e结尾的词，加r，stlarge→larger→largestwide→wider→widest以两个辅音字母加一个元音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写词尾的辅音字母，再加er，estbig→bigger→biggestthin→thinner→thinnest以＂辅音字母+y＂结尾的词，变y为i，再加er，estugly→uglier→ugliestearly→earlier→earliest少数以er或ow结尾的双音节词，词尾加er，estnarrow→narrower→narrowestclever→cleverer→cleverest多音节其他双音节词和多音节词及分词形容词，在词前加more，mostimportant→moreimportant→mostimportanteasily→moreeasily→mosteasily【记忆口诀】比较级规则变化口诀两者之间做比较，尾巴er少不了；一般词尾加er，有e词尾只加r；单一辅音单音节，双写词尾加er；辅音加y很重要，去y变i加er；双多音节字太长，前加more比它强。2.不规则变化不规则变化bad/badly→worse→worst；much/many→more→most；good/well→better→best；far→farther/further→farthest/furthest；old→older/elder→oldest/eldest；little→less→least【易错警示】1.farther/farthest和further/furthest的区别：二者表示距离时，往往可互换，但是用于引申义，表示程度时，只能使用后者。Hecanthrowmuchfarther/furtherthanyou.他可以比你扔得远得多。HissuggestionisthatKateshouldbesentabroadforfurthereducation.他的建议是凯特被派往国外进修。2.older/oldest和elder/eldest的区别：前者用于人或者物，可作定语和表语，可与than连用，而后者主要用于家人之间，表明长幼关系，往往用于人，不用于物，而且只作定语不作表语，也不与than连用。I’mtwoyearsolderthanhim.我比他大两岁。Hiselderbrotherworksinaclothingfactory.他哥哥在一家服装厂工作。【记忆口诀】不规则名词变化记忆口诀合二为一共三对，坏病两多和两好；一分为二有两个，一是远来二是老；还有一词含双义，只记少来不记小。（对应的词为：bad/ill，many/much，good/well，far，old，little）三、形容词比较级前的修饰词比较级前可以用much、alittle、alot、even、rather、still、any、abit、far等词修饰，起强调作用，不可用very、so、quite、too(只能修饰原级)等修饰。Believeme,youreallylookmuchbetterthanbefore.相信我，你看起来真的比以前好多了。Heisalottallerthanme.他比我高很多。Theywenttherealittlelaterthanothers.他们比其他人稍微去晚一点儿。It’sevenbiggerthananisland.它甚至比一座岛屿都大。Heisfarstrongerthanhisbrother.他比他哥哥强壮得多。四、形容词、副词比较级的用法1.最基本句型＂主语+be(is/am/are)+形容词比较级+than+比较对象＂。than后接人称代词时可以是主格或宾格。than前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较。Sheisalittlemoreoutgoingthanme.她比我性格外向一点。2.比较级前可以用much、alittle、alot、even、rather、still、any、abit、far等词修饰，起强调作用，不可用very、so、quite、too(只能修饰原级)等修饰。It’scoldtoday,butitisgoingtobeevencoldertomorrow.今天很冷，但明天会更冷。3.在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。Whodoyouthinkismorebeautiful,LucyorLily?你认为谁更漂亮，露茜还是莉莉？4.当两者比较只出现一方，含有ofthetwo/ofthetwins结构时，比较级前要加the，意为＂两个中比较……的一个＂。Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.他是两个男孩中个子较高的一个。5.＂get/bee+形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级＂是＂变得越来越……＂的意思，and连接同一个形容词的比较级。当表示＂越来越……＂时，形容词为多音节词或一些双音节词，用＂moreandmore+原级＂结构。Itgetswarmerandwarmerwhenspringes.春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。6.＂the+形容词比较级…,the+形容词比较级…＂意为＂越……就越……＂。两个＂比较级＂不要求一定词性相同，它们各自的词性要依句子的需要而定。Theharderyouworkatyourstudy,thebettergradesyouwillhave.你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好。7.表示＂比……大(长、多、宽……)几倍＂，用＂…times+形容词比较级+than…＂结构。Ourclassroomistwicelargerthanyours.我们的教室比你们的大两倍。8.表示＂重几斤＂、＂高几厘米＂、＂大几岁＂等，可用＂表示数量的词+形容词比较级+than…＂。Tomissixyearsolderthanyou.汤姆比你大六岁。9.当表达＂……之一＂、＂第几大/小/高/矮……＂时，往往用最高级，而不用比较级。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河。10.＂形容词比较级+thananyother+单数可数名词＂表示＂……比其他的任何……都……＂，此句型可以换成最高级。LiLeiisclevererthananyotherstudentintheclass.=LiLeiistheclevereststudentintheclass.李磊是班上最聪明的学生。11.＂more+形容词＂与＂less+形容词＂及notso(as)…as的互换。要注意前后比较对象要倒换位置。ChineseismoreimportantthanEnglish.=EnglishislessimportantthanChinese.=EnglishisnotsoimportantasChinese.汉语比英语重要。12.比较级的替代。使用比较级时，前后两个比较项要保持一致。若前一个比较项是不可数名词，则后一个比较项可为替代词that。若前一个比较项是可数名词复数，则后一个比较项可为替代词those。TheweatherinNanjingiswarmerthanthatinBeijinginwinter.在冬天南京的天气比北京暖和。ThestudentsofClassOnestudyharderthanthoseofClassTwo.一班同学比二班同学学习用功。比较级的使用原则：（1）自身不进行比较，排除自己的方法是使用anyother。Heistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass.(不能去掉other)他比他班里的其他任何男孩都高。（2）比较的对象必须是同类的人或事物。Mynameislongerthanyours.(不能将yours写成you)我的名字比你的名字长。【名师点睛】1.两者进行比较，表示＂一方比另一方更……＂时用2.两者进行比较，表示＂一方与另一方一样……＂时用3.两者进行比较，问＂其中哪一个更……＂时用能力拓展能力拓展1．（2021·吉林长春市·中考真题）Hi,Momis__________thananyotherfilmthatI’veeverseen.A．popular B．themostpopular C．toopopular D．morepopular2．（2021·贵州毕节市·中考真题）MybrotherBobis________hardworkingthanme,butIam________thanhim.A．most;funnier B．most;funniest C．more;fun D．more;funnier3．（2021·湖南郴州市·中考真题）Ithink________childrenlearntolookafterthemselves,________itisfortheirfuture.A．theearlier;thebetter B．theearliest;thebest C．theearly,thegood4．（2021·辽宁朝阳市·中考真题）Janehasbee________thanbefore.Shecanexpressherselfinpublicnow.A．muchoutgoing B．mostoutgoing C．moreoutgoing D．lessoutgoing5．（2021·安徽合肥市·）—Howwasyourjobinterviewlastweek?—Oh,Icouldn’tfeel________.Icouldhardlyanswermostofthequestionstheyasked.A．better B．happier C．worse D．easier分层提分分层提分题组A基础过关练一、单项选择6．Shesaysmyfriendissimilar________me,butIthinksheisdifferent________me.A．tofrom B．asfrom C．toto D．asto7．—Hi,doyouknowZhongNanshan?—Yes.HewenttoWuhantocurbspreadofcoronavirus.Hisstory________me.A．saved B．missed C．touched D．worried8．Hewalked________[θruː]theforestonfootlastmonth.A．although B．though C．bought D．through9．—Areyouclear________touseaputertodraw?—Yes.Ihavelearneditwiththehelpofmyteacher.A．what B．how C．when D．which10．Thewholeteamcried________whentheyfinallywonthebasketballgame.A．angrily B．sadly C．quietly D．happily11．—Mum,Ididn’tpasstheEnglishtestagain.—That’sallright.Justliketheweather,life_________bebeautifulallthetime.A．can’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t12．—Werethereanypeopleinthebuildingwhenthebigfirebrokeout(爆发)?—Yes,thereweremorethanonehundred.Luckily,________ofthemwerekilledinthefire.A．each B．both C．all D．none13．Whichcityis________,Sally,ShanghaiorFuzhou?A．beautiful B．muchbeautifulC．muchmorebeautiful D．themostbeautiful14．—IthinkthatEricwritesas_______asBetty?—Sohedoes.A．morecareful B．carefully C．careful15．—Timeismoney.—ButIthinkitis________money.A．thesameas B．asimportantas C．moreimportantthan题组B能力提升练二、完成句子16．这是我看过的最令人激动的电影。Thisisthe_________moviethatI’veseen.17．阳光旅馆里的房间是附近最大最干净的。TheroomsinSunshineHotelarethe_____and______aroundhere.18．世界上最受欢迎的运动项目是什么?What’s________________sportintheworld?19．莉莉比我更聪明。Lilyis____________________me.20．将来会有越来越多的新技术使我们的生活更便利。________newtechnologiesinthefuturetomakeourlifemoreconvenient.三、用所给单词的正确形式填空21．Mysisteris________(good)atMathsthanI.Sheoftenhelpsmewithit.22．Englishisavery________(use)languageintheworldtoday.23．Iknowsomethingaboutthefilm.Canyoutellme________(much)?24．Thewholeholidaywasreally_____(enjoy),fromstarttofinish.25．Allofthemwere___________(surprise)atthenews.26．YuanLongping,oneofthe_________（great）scientistsintheworld,isknownas“Fatherofhybridrice”.27．（2021·黑龙江鸡西市·中考真题）Theharderyouwork,the_________(luck)youwillbe.28．（2021·甘肃天水市·中考真题）WeChineseare________(pride)ofthegreatchangesinourcountry.29．（2021·江苏盐城市·中考真题）LiBaiandDuFu,twoofthegreatestpoetsinChinesehistory,formeda________friendship.(last)30．（2020·甘肃兰州市·中考真题）Itisoneofthe________(big)supermarketsinLanzhou.题组C培优拔尖练四、完型填空Haveyoueverwonderedwhyyouarethewayyouare?Whatmakesyou31fromyourbrothersandsisters?Peoplehaveaskedthesequestionsforcenturies,and32aretryingtoanswerthem.Oneideathey'reexploringisthatbirthorder33thepersonwebee.Ingeneral,theoldestchildisdescribedas34,organized,dutiful(尽职的),anddeterminedtogetwhatheorshewants.Oldestchildrenareseenasbornleaders.Theiryoungerbrothersandsisterssometimes35themasbossy(专横的).Theyarealwayswillingtotellyoungerbrothersandsisterswhattheyshoulddojust36they'retheoldest.Themiddlechildmaybedescribedasbeingpetitiveinordertogetmore37.They38feelthattheirfamilyignores(忽视)thembecausetheyareinthemiddle.Becausemiddlechildrentendtoavoidconflicts(冲突),theycanbefriendlyand39.Theyareusuallymoreinfluencedbytheirfriendsthanbytheirfamily,perhapsbecausetheygetmoreattentionfrom40friends.Theyoungestchildis41asthebabyofthefamily.Theycanbespoiled(宠爱)bytheir42,whospendalotoftimewiththemandoftengivethemwhattheywant.43childrenenjoybeingthecenterofattention,andtheyareseenasoutgoing,open－minded,andlikelytotakerisks.Whatifyou'reanonly44?Manypeoplethinkthatachildwithnobrothersorsistersneedslotsofattentionasheorshe45.Somethinkthey'reselfish,orunwillingtosharewithothers.31．A．absent B．similar C．same D．different32．A．researchers B．writers C．reporters D．teachers33．A．changes B．influences C．creates D．finds34．A．unlucky B．confident C．serious D．special35．A．choose B．wish C．see D．hear36．A．though B．when C．because D．unless37．A．achievement B．attention C．strength D．power38．A．sometimes B．seldom C．never D．hardly39．A．outgoing B．cruel C．poor D．upset40．A．your B．our C．its D．their41．A．described B．discovered C．understood D．realized42．A．friends B．partners C．teachers D．parents43．A．Oldest B．Richest C．Youngest D．Weakest44．A．child B．adult C．student D．boy45．A．putsup B．cutsup C．turnsup D．growsup五、阅读单选ADoyouknowthatyouarenotoutgoingenough?Doyouwanttomakefriends，butareyoutooshy?Readthefollowingrules.Theywillhelpyou.★Feelfortable.Alwaysbeclean.Shower，brushyourteeth，andtrytolooknice.Dressincleanclothes.Theymustmakeyoufeelgoodandfortable.Thosemakeyoufeelmoreconfident(自信的).★Smilemoreoften.Trytosmilemoreoftenatpeople.Itwillmakethemthinkthatyouarefriendly.Thenthey'lltalktoyoumoreeveniftheydon'tknowyou.★Justtalk.Somepeopleworryabouttalkingbecausetheythink,“WhatamIgoingtotalkaboutwiththatperson?”Outgoingpeopledon'teventhinkaboutit.Theyjustgouptopeopleandsaywhattheythink.★Listentopeople.Youcan'tjusttalk.Peoplewillthinkthatyou'reselfcentered(以自我为中心的).Yohavetolistentoothersandgiveyourideas.Letthemknowwhatyouthink.★Readthenews.Don'tjuststayathomeanddonothing.SurftheNetfornewsandinformation，andtallaboutthemwhenyou’rewithfriends.46．Therulesinthepassagewillhelpyou_______.A．studybetter B．makemorefriendsC．stayhealthier D．finishyourhomework47．Whatmakesyoufeelgoodandfortable?A．Smileatotherpeople. B．Talkwithotherpeople.C．Haveanicelook. D．Readmorebooks.48．