中考英语语法动词不定式的十大考点

No.1动词不定式作主语1.It'sourduty_________theroomeveryday.A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans(甘肃省)2.It'shardforus_________Englishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning(江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。Itwill_________theworkersoverayear__________________theflyover.(北京市海淀区)4.It'sverynice_________youtogetmetwotickets_________theWorldCup.(安徽省)A.for，ofB.of，forC.to，forD.of，toKeys：1.A2.C3.take，to，build4.B【解析】动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)Itis+形容词(ofsb)todosth.(2)Itis+名词(forsb)todosth.(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth.(4)Itis+形容词(forsb)todosth.句式(1)中常用nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(4)中常用hard,difficult,easy,important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。No.2动词不定式作宾语1.Hewants______somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys(山西省)2.Don'tforget______yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking(福建省)3.Hefounditverydifficult______.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep(湖南省)Keys：1.C2.A3.D【解析】want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,begin,start,seem,decide,hate,choose,forget,remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。No.3动词不定式作宾语补足语1.Robertoftenasksus______hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith(江苏省)2.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends______Chinesefood.A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked(甘肃省)Key：1.B2.C【解析】不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，teach，expect，tell，allow等。No.4动词不定式作状语1.Shewent______herteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing(江西省)2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoesherbest______Englishwell.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns(四川省)Key：1.A2.C【解析】go，come，try，do/tryone'sbest等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。3.I'msorry______that.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear(河北省)4.I'msorry______u.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled(吉林省)5.Mymotherwasveryglad______heroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets(甘肃省)Keys：3.D4.B5.A【解析】＂be+形容词+todosth＂结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。6.Thepandaissofatthatitcan'tgothroughthehole.(改为意思相同的句子)Thehole________________________suchafatpandatogothrough.(广东省)7.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.(改为意思相同的句子)Theiceonthelakewasn't______enough______people__________________.(广东省)Keys6.is，too，small，for7.thick，for，to，skate，on【解析】在上述＂too+形容词/副词(forsb)todo…＂(太……而不能……)和＂enough(forsb)todo…＂(足以、足够……做……)结构中，不定式作结果状语。No.5动词不定式作定语1.Wouldyoulikesomething______?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks(湖北省)2.Ihavealotofhomework______.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo(河南省)3.Heisnotaneasyman______.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith(山东省)Key：1.C2.D3.D【解析】不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。No.6不带to的动词不定式1.Wesawhim______thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered(河南省)2.Somuchworkusuallymakesthem______verytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel(吉林省)3.Yourfatherissleeping.You'dbetter______.A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup(陕西省)4.Iwasmade______myhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doB.doingC.todoD.did(贵州省)Key：1.B2.D3.C4.C【解析】1.在see，watch，hear，feel等感官动词和make，have，let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。2.在＂hadbetter＂后面接不带to的不定式。No.7动词不定式的否定形式1.MrBlackaskedtheman________thequeue.A.nottojumpB.tonotjumpC.didn'tjumpD.notjump(广西壮族自治区)2.Theoldmantoldthechild______noisy.A.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot(湖北省)3.Thereisgoingto______animportantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetry______late.A.have,nottobeC.be,nottobeB.have,notbeD.be,notbe(内蒙古自治区)Key：1.A2.B3.C【解析】动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.No.8某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别1.Pleasestop______arestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has(广西壮族自治区)2.——Whydidn'tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?——Sorry,Iforgot______somemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took(湖北省)3.——Let'shavearest,shallwe?——Notnow,Ican'tstop______theletters.A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwrite(湖北省)4.Jimwasbadlyhurt,sohehadtostop______(walk).(用所给单词的正确形式填空)(四川省)Key：1.A2.C3.C4.walking【解析】一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下：＂stoptodosth＂意为＂停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事＂，＂stopdoingsth＂意为＂停止正在做的事＂：＂remembertodosth＂意为＂记住去做某事＂(事还未做)，＂rememberdoingsth＂意为＂记得做过某事＂(事已做)：＂goontodosth＂意为＂接着做某事＂(做完一事，接着做另一事)，＂goondoingsth＂意为＂继续做某事＂(一事未做完接着往下做)：＂forgettodosth＂意为＂忘了做某事＂(事还未做)，＂forgetdoingsth＂意为＂忘了曾做过某事＂(事已做)。5.WhenIwaswalkinginthestreetIsawaplane______overmyhead.A.fliesB.flyingC.flewD.tofly(福建省)6.Awomansawit______whenshewaswalkingpast.A.happenB.happensC.happeningD.tohappen(黑龙江省)Key：5.B6.A【解析】在see，hear，watch，feel等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式，也可接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，用不定式表示动作的全过程(动作已结束)，用动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进行(动作尚未结束)。No.9动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留1.Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithus?Yes,______.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?A.IwouldB.IwouldlikeC.IliketoD.I'dliketo(浙江省)2.Wouldyouliketogoforapicnicwithus?______.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?A.No,Ican'tB.Yes,I'mgladC.Yes,I'dlovetoD.I'dlike(大连市)Keys：1.D2.C【解析】在口语中，动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时，第二个动词不定式可以省略，但是to不可省略。这种用法常见于＂begladto＂，＂wouldlike(love)