2017考研英语二测试题

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2017考研英语二测试卷

（英语二）

考试时间：180分钟 试卷总分：100分 学员姓名：

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

AnEuropeanUniondirectiveismakingshoppersfeelliketheyhaveextrarightstoreturnfaultygoodsforuptotwoyears.Itisnotquite1simple.Therehasbeenanincreaseinpeopleusingthe2EUdirectivetogetretailerstorefundor3faultygoods,evenafterthestated4periodshaveended.

TheEUruleallowingthe5ofgoodsuptotwoyearsafterpurchaseisat6withthereturnspoliciesadoptedbymost7shops.However,asthisisadirectiveonlypartiallyadoptedbytheUK,itsuseisa

8area.Despitethis,manyshopshave9refundeditemswhenpresentedwiththedirectiveanditsargument,10itcouldpotentiallyimproveyourposition.

Mostbigretailerswillhaveastatedreturnspolicythat11withUKconsumerlaw.Those12canseetheexactwordingoftheSaleofGoodsact,13simplythelawsaysthatretailersmustsellgoodsthatare‘asdescribed,14forpurposeandofsatisfactoryquality’.Ifadefectis15when,orinareasonableperiodoftimeafter,thesaleismade,16buyerscandemandafullrefund.However,therulesgetfuzzierwhen

faults17overtimeandabuyerhastoreturngoodsafter18themforalongerperiod.

UnderUKlaw,buyersinEnglandandWalescangetapartialrefundorfullrepairuptosixyearafterthe19wasmade.Therefundshouldtakeintoaccounthowmuchusethecustomerhasalreadyhad20aproduct.Ultimately,acountycourtwoulddecidethis.

1.[A]ever

[B]that

[C]rather

[D]very

2.[A]little-known

[B]well-made

[C]badly-designed

[D]warmly-accepted

3.[A]repair

[B]destroy

[C]replace

[D]remove

4.[A]processing

[B]guarantee

[C]permission

[D]attainment

5.[A]upkeep

[B]refusal

[C]upturn

[D]return

6.[A]work

[B]peace

[C]ends

[D]odds

7.[A]major

[B]franchised

[C]new

[D]fashionable

8.[A]forbidden

[B]grey

[C]lonely

[D]disturbed

9.[A]completely

[B]hardly

[C]inevitably

[D]willingly

10.[A]because

[B]though

[C]so

[D]but

11.[A]complied

[B]accompanies

[C]deals

[D]disagrees

12.[A]worried

[B]pleased

[C]interested

[D]confused

13.[A]if

[B]but

[C]and

[D]while

14.[A]fit

[B]possible

[C]ready

[D]best

15.[A]remedied

[B]concealed

[C]avoided

[D]detected

16.[A]soon

[B]then

[C]even

[D]hence

17.[A]disappear

[B]occur

[C]develop

[D]remain

18.[A]buying

[B]protecting

[C]trying

[D]possessing

19.[A]complaint

[B]purchase

[C]request

[D]agreement

20.[A]of

[B]in

[C]from

[D]over

SectionII ReadingComprehensionPartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate“thecountryside”alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)aswhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.

AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave“thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever.”Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience“arefreshingair.”Hill’spressurelaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon’tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.

Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.TheConservatives’planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,evenauthorizing“off-plan”buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.OnlyUkip,sensingitschance,hassidedwiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItsCampaigntoProtectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalConservativeparties.

Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses,factoriesandofficesiswherepeopleare,incitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroydrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfamillionhousesintheLondonareaalone,withnointrusionongreenbelt.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.

Theideathat“housingcrisis”equals“concretedmeadows”ispurelobbytalk.Theissueisnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Underlobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-build

againsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.Wedonotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?

Developmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope’smostcrowdedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenabledittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.Thereisnodoubtofthealternative—thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.

Britain’spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside.

hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS.

didn’tstarttilltheShakespeareanage.

isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily.

isnotwellreflectedinpolitics.

AccordingtoParagraph2,theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbeing.

graduallydestroyed

effectivelyreinforced

largelyovershadowed

properlyprotected

WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?.

TheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence.

Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation.

TheConservativesmayabandon“off-plan”building.

Labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment.

TheauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsborne’spreference .

revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas.

showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas.

stressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis.

highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure.

Inthelastparagraph,theauthorshowshisappreciationof .

thesizeofpopulationinBritain

thepoliticallifeintoday’sBritain

theenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain

thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain

Text2

It’struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren’tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege.Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidTomCortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon’sSchoolofComputerScience.

However,Cortinasaid,earlyexposureisbeneficial.Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,theylearnthatit’snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers—butatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypotheses.It’snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethembecomesnormal.Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,Cortinasaid.

Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway.

TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcampsthat’sbecomepopularforadultslookingforacareerchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but“wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey’reinterestedin,”saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood.

ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon’tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenextFacebook.Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe“RubyonRails”languagetheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket.Buttheskillstheylearn—howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresults—applytoanycodinglanguage,saidDeborahSeehorn,aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina.

Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers—intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes—fortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant—theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat—thebetter.

Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto .[A]completefuturejobtraining

[B]remodelthewayofthinking[C]formulatelogicalhypotheses[D]perfectartworkproduction

Indeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsideredtheir .

academicbackgrounds

interest

careerprospects[D]experience

DeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill .

helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguages

havetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescome

needimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobs

enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney

Accordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpectedto .

competewithafuturearmyofprogrammers

staylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustry

becomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworld

bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologies

Theword“coax”（Line.4,Para.6）isclosestinmeaningto .

persuade

frighten

misguide

challenge

Text3

Shoppinghasalwaysbeensomethingofanimpulseactivity,inwhichobjectsthatcatchourfancywhilestrollingareimmediatelyboughtonawhim.Advertisersandsellershavetakenadvantageofthisfact,carefullypositioninginexpensivebutattractiveitemsonpathsthatwearemostlikelytocross,hopingthatourhumannaturewillleadtoagreaterprofitforthem.WiththedawnoftheInternetanditsexplodinguseacrosstheworld,thesametacticsapply.

Advertisersnowplace“banners”,linkstocommercialwebsitesdecoratedwithattractivepicturesdesignedtocatchoureyeswhilebrowsingthewebs,onkeywebsiteswithheavytraffic.Theypaytopdollarfortheright,thuscreatingprofitsforthehostingwebsiteaswell.Theseactionsareperformedinthehopesthatduringthecourseofourcasualandleisurelywebsurfing,we'llclickonthatbannerthatsparksourinterestandthus,intheory,buytheproductsadvertised.

Initialresultshavebeenpositive.Websitesreportahugeinflowofcash,bothfromtheadvertiserswhotemptcustomersinwiththebannersandthehostingwebsites,whicharepaidforallowingthebannerstobeputinplace.AstrustandconfidenceinInternetbuyingincreasesandinformationsecurityisheightenedwithnewtechnology,thevolumeofbuyingisincreasing,leadingtoevengreaterprofits.

Thecurrentsituation,however,isnotquiteasoptimistic.Justasmagazinereaderstendtounconsciouslyignoreadvertisementsintheirfavoriteperiodicals,webbrowsersarebeginningtoallowbannerstosliptheirnoticeaswell.Internetusersrespondtothefloodofbannersbyviewingthemasannoyances,anegativeimagethatishurtingsales,sinceusersarenowlessreluctanttoclickonthosebanners,preferringnottosupportthesystemthatputstheminplace.IfInternetadvertisingistocontinuetobeaviableandprofitablebusinesspractice,newmethodswillneedtobeconsideredtoreinvigoratetheindustry.

Withtherecentdepressioninthetechnologysectorandslowingeconomy,evennewpracticesmaynotdothetrick.AsconsumersaresavingmoreandfrequentingtraditionalrealestatebusinessesovertheirInternetcounterparts,thefateofInternetbusinessiscalledintoquestion.Thecomingyearswillbetheonlyreliableindicationofwhethershoppingontheworldwidewebisthewaveofthefutureorsimplyanimpulseactivitywhosewhimhaspassed.

ItcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphthatInternetadvertising

hastakentheplaceofmoretraditionalmethodsofadvertising.

isoneofthemosteffectivewaystomakeprofitsontheweb.

isparallelingadvertisingmethodsintraditionalbusinesssettings.

seekstotemptcustomersthroughimpulseshoppingmethods.

Thesecondandthirdparagraphsarewritteninordertoillustrate

thepolicyInternetadvertisersdesigntolureclienteleanditsoutcome.

theprocessandmixedconsequencesofInternetadvertisingandshopping.

thebiggestsplashInternetadvertisershaverecentlymadeinsalespromotions.

thebannersInternetadvertiserstakeadvantageoftoarousecustomers’interest.

Analyzingthecurrentstateoftheonlineadvertisinginparagraph4,theauthorimpliesthat

ithastobemodifiedovertimetoremaineffective.

forallitscurrentprofits,itwillfadeinthelongrun.

bannersarebeginningtolosetheiradvertisingefficiency.

Internetadvertisingmethodswillcontinuetodecreasesales.

Theexpression“dothetrick”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans

cometothepoint.

fulfilltheirpurpose.

failoftheirsuccess.

liveuptotheirpromise.

Theauthor'sattitudetowardonlineadvertisingcanbesummarizedas

reservedconsentbutdiscontent.

objectiveanalysisvoidofopinions.

enthusiasticsupportbutslightcontempt.

approvalsofarbutuncertaintyinthefuture.

Text4

Boostedbyboominginternationalfinancialmarkets,theCityofLondonhasnothaditsogoodsincetheendofthedotcombonanzainthelate1990s.Baskingindouble-digitgrowthrates,London'slawfirmshavebothcontributedtothatsuccessandbenefitedfromit.TheearningsoftopCitylawyerscannowexceed£2mayear.

Havingoptedtoexpandandgoglobalaheadofmostothers,Britain'sleadinglawfirmstendtobebiggerthantheirAmericanrivals.Indeed,accordingtoasurveyoftheworld'stop50lawfirms,compiledbyLegalBusiness,aBritishtradepaper,fiveoftheworld'stopsixlawfirms—intermsofturnover—arenowBritish(ifDLAPiper,theresultofanAnglo-Americanmerger,isincluded).Buttheyhavetendedtolagbehindintermsoftheirprofitability.Thatisnowchanging.

TheprofitmarginsoftheCity'sfive“magiccircle”firms—CliffordChance,SlaughterandMay,Allen&Overy,LinklatersandFreshfields—havesoaredinrecentyearsandarenowcomparablewith,ifnothigherthan,thoseofNewYork's“whiteshoe”elite.SlaughterandMay,theonlyoneofthefivenottohavegoneglobal,hasthejointsecond-highestprofitmarginamongthetop50.

Notsolongago,aLondonsurgeoncouldexpecttoearnasmuchasaCitylawyer.Buteventherecentbigrisesinhospitalconsultants'earningspallincomparisonwiththoseenjoyedbyLondonlawyers.AtSlaughterandMay,forexample,averageprofitsperequitypartner(PEP)jumpedbyalmostathird(indollarterms)lastyearto$2.75m—morethanatanyotherofthetop50lawfirmsbartwoinNewYorkwherePEPaveraged$2.8mand$3.0mrespectively.Someseniorpartnersgetalotmoreofcourse.

Competitionforthebestlawyersisfierceandpoachingfrequent.HencetheneedtokeepheadlinePEPfiguresup—evenatthecostofgettingridofequitypartners,leavingabiggershareofthebountyfortheremainingones.Freshfieldsisintheprocessofsheddingaround100ofitsequitypartners.Otherleadingfirmsarealsoundertakingpainfulrestructuring.

Newlyqualifiedlawyers'salarieshavealsobeenshootingupinthesearchforthebesttalent.BothFreshfieldsandAllen&Overynowpaytheirfirst-yearassociates£65,000,risingtoaround£90,000afterthreeyears.(First-yearassociatesatAmerica'stoplawfirmsgettheequivalentof£80,000.)

But,asmanyothertop-rankCityemployershavediscovered,bigearningsdonotnecessarilyguaranteebigsatisfaction.AccordingtoaYouGovpoll,publishedbytheLawyerearlierthismonth,aquarterofBritain'slawyers(includingafifthoflaw-firmpartners)wouldliketoleavetheprofession.Thedisgruntledcomplainedaboutcripplinglylonghours,intensecompetitionandtheimpersonalityofthebiggestfirms(somewithmorethan3,000lawyers).Sowhydon'ttheyquit?Because,saythree-quarters,ofthepay.

WhichoneofthefollowingisTUREofthestatusquoofLondon’seconomy?

Londonisenjoyingitsbesttimeofeconomicdevelopmentsince1990s.

ThegrowthrateofLondonisdoubledsincethebeginningofthe1990s.

Thegrowthratestartedtoboostsincetheendofthedotcomera.

ThecurrenteconomyofLondonismostlydrivenbyitslegalinsteadoffinancialmarket.

Theworld’stop50lawfirmsaregradedaccordingto

theirannualmargin.

theirprofitability.

theirsalevolume.

theirquantityofbusiness.

Thephrase“whiteshoe”(Line3,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans

whitecollars.

first-classlawfirms.

financialagencies.

internationalbanks.

Inordertobecompetitive,thelawfirmstakethefollowingmeasuresexcept .

dismissingequitypartners.

carryingoutrestructuring.

havingtheirbestlawyersturnmorecompetitive.

raisingsalariesforrecruitingtalents.

FromtheYouGovpoll,itcanbeinferredthat

thisprofessionisfarfromsatisfactory.

mostlawyerswillleavetheprofessionsoonerorlater.

mostlawyersaresatisfiedwiththeprofessionbecauseofthefatpay.

highsalaryisalwayscontradictorytobigsatisfaction.

PartB

Directions:YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsaboutHowtoMaketheMostofYourNewPowerasaConsumer.Choosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelist[A]—[G]foreachnumberedpartofthetext(41―45).Thefirstthreeparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Therearetwoextraheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.(10points)

RefuseGimmicks

BeWaryofPriceLevels

SayNotoUselessThings

NeverPayListPrice

StanduptoTemptations

Switch―orThreatento

Don'tBuyonImpulse

InrecentyearsthebasicmarketprinciplesofcompetitionandchoicehaveexpandedintonewaspectsofAmericanlife.Consumersnowfaceabewilderingarrayofoptionsforairtravel,phoneservice,medicalcare,evenpostalservice.CarbuyerscanshopontheInternetforthebestpriceatanydealershipintheirarea.Insomepartsofthecountry,homeownerscanpurchaseelectricityfromamenuofcompanies.Allthischoicetranslatesintounprecedentedconsumerpower.

Oneofthepersistentmythsofcapitalistcultureisthatbusinesspeoplelovecompetition.Theydon't.Theyspendtheirwakinghoursplottingwaystoavoidit,andkeeppriceshigh.Thesedaystheyuseinformationtechnologiesthatgivethemintricatedataonindividualshoppers,andthenpresentmultiplepricestogeteachconsumertocoughupthemaximumheiswillingtopay.Theairlineshavemasteredthisgame,offeringmanylevelsoffares.

Sohowcanyoumakethemostofyournewpowerasaconsumer?Herearerulestohelpyoufindyour

way.

41.

42.

IntheNewEconomy,competitionissostrongthatfewerstoresandservicesareimmunetopricepressure,sosharpenyourbargainingskills.Askretailerstomatchpricesyou'veseenontheInternet.Askatthecheckoutcounterifthereareanycouponsordiscountsyoucanuse.Askhotelclerksiftherearebetterratesavailable.You'llbesurprisedhowoftentheanswerisyes.

43.

Ascompetitionheatsupandpushespricesdown,businessesscrambletoboosttheirprofitsbyheapingonextras：rustproofingyourcar,servicecontractsonyourappliance,prepaidgasolineforyourrentalcar.Thesestuntsaredevisedtomakeyoupaymoreatthelastminuteandprobablyaren'tagooddeal.

Theinformationhighwayisatwo-waystreet.Asaconsumer,youcangetmoredata.ButwhileyouareroamingtheWeb,businessesarestudyingyourhabitsandvulnerabilities.

44.

Haveaweaknessforchocolates?Don'tbesurprisedifAmazon.Comofferstosellyouaboxwhileyou'rebrowsingforbooks.They'reusingawrinkleonthelast-minutemarketingpitchperfectedbyMcDonald's:"Wouldyoulikefrieswiththat?"Theployworksremarkablywell.

Versioningisatacticusedbybusinessestoseparatestatus-consciousconsumersfromthebargain-hungryones—sincetheformermeanbiggerprofitmargins."Deluxe"and"platinum"arecodewordsusedtoenticestatusseekerstoopentheirwallets.

45.

Addathirdpricelevelandthepursesofevenbargain-hungryshopperscanbepriedopen.Researchshowsthatmanyconsumerswhomightpickthelower-pricedoptionwhengivenjusttwochoiceswillchoosethemedium-pricedalternativeifgiventhree."Consumerstrytoavoidextremeoptions,"writeCarlShapiroandHalR.VarianintheirbookInformationRules.

ConsumersintheNewEconomyfacemoredemandsontheirtimeandattentionthaneverbefore,sothey'reinclinedtomakethemostfamiliarchoice.Considerthis:ithadbeenadecadeandahalfsincethebreakupofAT&T,yetitisstillbyfarthelargestlong-distance