初中英语近义词、同义词、词组、短语辨析大全

1.atthemoment\inamoment\foraatthemoment=rightnow"inamomentverysoonforamoment“此刻，一会儿”表示时间的延续。[例]Heisoutatthemoment.Iwillcomebackinamoment.我一会儿就回来。Holdonforamoment.请稍候。2．afew/afew,fewafew“有一些”，表示肯定概念，few[例]Themanhasbeenhereformanyyears,sohehasafewIamanewcomerhere,soIhavefewfriends3．alittle/alittle,littlealittlelittle“几乎没有”，表示否定概念。[例]Thereisalittlewaterintheglass.杯子里有一些水。Thereislittlewaterintheglass,soyoucan’tdrinkany.4．across/Lookoutthroughthewindow,please.WehavetowalkthroughthegatetogointotheIfyouwalkacrossthesquare,youwillseethehotelBecarefulwhenyouwalkacrossthestreet.过马路时要小心。注意：crossacrossago/

ago[例]Hediedtwoyearsago.before[例]Igottherebefore5o’clock.我五点钟前到达那里。Ineversawhimbefore.我以前没见过他。Hehaddoneittwodaysbefore.already/(1)alreadyIsitSundayalready?Ihavealreadyfinishedit.（2）yetIhaven’tlearnedityet.我还不知此事。Hashecomeyet?他还没有来？（表疑问）arrive/reach/arrivearrive+in+大地方（国家、城市等arrive+at+小地方（村庄、车站、码头等HearrivedinNanninglastweek.getvi.\gettoWhendidyougettothestationyesterday?reachvt.\reachPleasewritetomewhenyoureachBeijing.reach、arrive、gethere、there、homeIgot/arrive/reachedhomelateyesterday.agreewith/agreeon/agreeagreewith(sb.)表示“与……意见一致”。Idon’tagreewithyou.agreeto(sth.)suggestion、planWeallagreedtoyourplan.agreeonChinaandtheU.S.A.agreedontheplaceandtimeforthenextabit/aGetupabit/alittleearlier,andyouwillseethestar.不同点：①alittle+不可数名词，abitof+Heatealittlefood/abitoffoodthismorning.②alittleabitnotalittle很，非常；\notabitbytheway/ontheway/inthebythewayonthewayhome、here、theretointheway[例]Yourcarisintheway.Heboughtapenonhis/thewaytoschool.他在上学的路上买了一枝钢笔。Bytheway,howoldareyou?顺便问一下，你多大了？beafraid/beafraidof/beafraidbeafraidIamafraidIcan’thelpyou.beafraidof+名词/代词/动名词，意为“害怕某人/做某事”，Iamafraidofgoingoutatnight.beafraidforIamafraidforyou.bemadeof/bemadein/bemadebemadeofThedeskismadeofbemadeinThecomputerismadeinChina.bemadeby后接的名词是人，即“……是由……来制作（造）ThisshipismadebyusChinese.

between/这两个词都有“在……之间（中）”betweenThetrainrunsbetweenBeijingandNanning.火车在北京和南宁两地间运行。Thereisatreebetweenthetwohouses.这两座房子之间有一棵树。amongIsawhimamongthecrowd.Londonisamongthegreatestcitiesoftheworld.borrow/fromI’veborrowedtwobooksfromthelibrary.2lendtoCanyoulendyourdictionarytome?这二者都可有这样的结构：borrowsb.sth;lendsb.bring/take/fetch/bringRemembertobringyourbooktomorrow.takeIt’sgoingtorain.You’dbettertakeanumbrellawithfetch如：Willyougoandfetchsomewater?Healwayscarriesapocketdictionarywithhim.他总是随身携带一本袖珍字典。Thebuscarriedmetotheparkyesterday.昨天公共汽车把我拉到了公园。beat/beatvet.WebeatClassFourinthefootballmatchyesterday.昨天足球赛我们打败了四班队。ClassFourwasbeateninthefootballmatchyesterday.四班足球队昨天被打败了。winvt.Wewonthefootballgame.winwinagame赢得比赛（游戏winagoldmedalwinaprizewinthewarwinsb.overby/with/by（方法、手段）”和“乘坐某种交通工具”；within[例]Hegoestoschoolbybike.Jimisclimbingthetreewithaladder.吉姆用梯子爬树。CanyousayitinEnglish?你能用英语说它吗？beusedfor/beusedas/beusedbeusedforforApenisusedforwriting.beusedasasEnglishisusedasausefultoolinourbeusedbybyEnglishisusedbytravelersandbusinesspeopleallovertheworld.besides/besidesexcept，except（不再有besides（还有）”Ihaveanotherbluepenbesidesthis除了这枝外，我还有另一枝蓝色钢笔。（1+1，2Weallpassedtheexamexcept我们都通过了考试，汤姆除外。（整体中……汤姆一人不及格exceptall、any、every、noHeansweredallthequestionsexceptthelastexceptbutThewindowisneveropenexceptinsummer.这扇窗户从来不开,除夏季外。Hedidnothingexcept/butcleanthehouse.他只是打扫了房子。

both/both”（=2），neitherHistwobrothersarebothworkers.Theybothworkinourschool.他们俩都在我们学校上班。bothbeThestudentsallworkhard.学生们都很用功。Theyareallheretoday.他们今天都在这里。Theyareallstrangers.Iknownoneofthem.beangrywith/beangryabout/beangrybeangrywithfor。Theteacherwasangrywithmeformycominglate.beangryat=beangryaboutataboutHeisangrywith/aboutsmallthings.Hewasangryabout/atmissingthefilm.can/beablecanIcansingtheEnglishsong.Ababycancrywhenitishungry.beabletoIfyouworkhard,youwillbeabletomastercatchacold/haveacatchacoldIt’scoldoutside.GointothehouseoryouwillcatchahaveacoldIhavehadacoldforseveraldaysandIcan’tgetridof1.die/dead/dying/dieHehasdied.Hediedfiveweeksago.deadHisgrandfatherhasbeendeadforfiveyears.deathHewassentencedtodeath.dyingadeaddog一条死（了的）adyingdogdie：diefrom/ofelse/Whatelsedidyoudo?Shehasnothingelsetosay.otherWherearetheothercomrades?Iwantsomeotherbooks.else‘s,otherWhoelse’sbikecanthisbe?ever/HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?IoncewenttoLondonwithmyfather.我曾经和我父亲去过伦敦。注意：onceIhavebeenthereonce.far/farawayfar，away

Thefarmisveryfarfromhere.Thestationisfivekilometersawayfromhere.5faraway-Howfarisyourschool?-Notfar.Only100metersaway.100fast/quick/fastadj./adv.HerunsfasterthanI.quickadj.Hegavemeaquickanswer.quicklyGodownstairsquickly.forshort/shortforshortTheteachertoldustowritethetextforshort.shortfor“是……的缩写”，一般作表语。如：“You’d”isshortfor“Youwould”or“Youhad”.“You’d”是“Youwould”或“Youhad”的缩写形式。get/turn/grow/become/getThedaysgetshorterandshorter.turnThetreesturngreeninspring.growMylittlebrotherisgrowingtall.becomeHehasbecomeadoctor.beIwanttobeateacherwhenIgrowup.gotobed/gotosleep/fallasleep/begotobedgotosleepfallasleepbeasleepHefellasleepwhentherewasaloudknockattheThebabyhasbeenasleepforanhour.这孩子睡着一个小时了。Hefounditdifficulttogotosleep.他发现很难入睡。howoften/howsoon/howlong/how①howlong“for…”,“since…”,Howlongwillhebeaway?Hewillbeawayfortwodays.Howlonghaveyoubeenateacher?Forabouttenyears.10注意：howlong②howsoonin…Howsoonwillthebuildingbefinished?Inamonth.Ⓒhowoftenoften,usually,everyday,sometimes,never,onceaweekHowoftendoyougotoseeaOnceaweek.111Ⓐhowfar-HowfarisitfromheretotheItistwokilometers.hard/hardadj.&adv.Wemustworkhardforourcountry.我们必须为祖国努力学习。Itrainedhardyesterday.昨天雨下得很大。hardlyadv.Icouldhardlywriteatthattime.那时我几乎不会写字。hear/hearof/hearhearIcanhearyouclearly.hearof=hearabout

IhaveheardofthewriterbutIhaveneverseenhearfrom一般后接sb.HaveyouheardfromJim?hearsb.doingsth./hearsb.do（1）hearsb.doingsth.结构中为-ingIhearhimtalkingnextdoor.hearsb.dosth.dosth.意思是“听到某人做了某事”，动作不再呈现，只能靠想象或回忆来叙述发生的事情。如：Iheardhersingthesongyesterday.have/havehavegothaveIhaveabike.=IhavegotaIdon’thaveabike.=Ihaven’tabike.Ihaven’tgotabike.(√)Idon’thavegotabike.Haveyouabike?/Haveyougotabike?Doyouhaveabike?(√)Doyouhavehaveabike?havegothavehave,havegot。如：MayIhavesomemoretea?我可以再喝点茶吗？Wouldyouliketohaveanotherapple?havegot,have。如：LiHonghadaproblem.李红有一个问题。Ihavehadthebikeforthreeyears.3havegothavearest/aswim/awash/ahavelunch,haveameeting,haveaparty,hope/相同点：wishhopeIhopethathecanhelpme.IwishthatIknewtheanswer.hopetodosth.(√)hopesb.todosth.(×)wishsb.todosth.(√)wishsb.sth.(√)Iwishyoutohaveagoodtimeattheparty.IwishyouaHappyNewYear!interesting/物作主语时，表语要用-ingThenewsisinteresting.这消息是有趣的。(2)人作主语时，表语要用-edIaminterestedinthebook.inall/atall/ofall/afterallallinall“Thereare60studentsinourclassinall.60atall“全然，根本不”，一般用于否定句中加强语气。Shedoesn’tlikefootballatall.afterall👉、终究、到底”，一般置于句首或句尾作状语。Afterall,heisachild.毕👉,他还是个孩子。Theyfinishedtheworkafterall.intime/ontime/atintimeWehavejustintimeforthebus.ontimeThetraincameintothestationontime.

attimes=infrontofTherearesometreesinfrontofthehefrontofTheteacher’sdeskisinthefrontofthebeforeafter。beforeTuesdaycomesbeforeWednesday.星期三之前是星期二。Shesitsbeforeme.join/joinin/takepartjoinHejoinedthepartyin1927.1927joinsb.(in)doingsth.“WhynotjoinusinbuyingSusangift?jointakepartinShehasneverjoined/takenpartinsuchaninterestingtakepartinAreyougoingtotakepartin/joininthediscussion?Hehasjoinedtheleagueforfiveyears.(×)Hehasbeenaleaguememberforfiveyears.5keepdoingsth./keepsb.doing在这两个结构中，keepsb.keepdoingsth.Hekeptaskingustorememberteamwork.他不断地叫我们记住合作。Keepdoingsth.=keepondoingsth.keepsb.doingsth.意为“让某人做某事”，keepIkeepthemwaitingatthegate.我让他们在大门口等候。loud/adv.loudly另外，loudPleasespeaklouder.Whoisknockingatthedoorsoloudly?lift/liftvt.Pleaseliftyourhandsifyouknowtheanswer.risevi.Thewatersoftheriverhasrisenalotaftertheheavylose/loseHelosthisparentswhenhewasyoung.missIamafraidthatJimwillmissalotoflessons.我担心吉姆将会缺很多课。(3)lostmissingWhohasfoundmylost/missingpen?Mymoneyislost/missing.laugh/laughvt.Thebabylaughedandlaughed.那婴儿笑了又笑。Hisjokemadeuslaugh.他的笑话使我们大笑起来。smilevi.Hesmiledwhenwewonthematch.当我们赢得了比赛时她笑了。Shesmiledherthanks.她微微一笑表示感谢。（vt.）短语：laughatsb.look/looklike/lookseemlookseemlook/seem+

Mr.Smithlooks/seemsyoungverymuch.looklikeThegirllookslikehersister.seemtodoItseemsthat…ThereseemstobeJohnseemstoknowmuchaboutChina.约翰好象很了解中国。Itseemsthattheyknoweachother.好象他们彼此很熟悉。Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwithmywatch.lookfor/find/findlookforIamlookingformypen.findIlookedforiteverywherebutIcouldn’tfindit.findoutAtlastthepolicefoundoutwhomurderedtheoldlook/see/watch/(1)lookatPleaselookattheblackboard.(2)seeCanyouseethewordclearly?固定短语：seeafilm;seesb.off（给某人送行）；letme(3)watchlookatsb./sth.carefully“仔细观看，注视”。MayIwatchTVnow?我现在可以看电视吗？固定短语：watchTV;onwatch（值班、守望）；watchafootballThethieflookedaroundthehouse.Whenhemadesurethatnoonewasnoticinghejumpedintotheroomthroughtheopenmaybe/(1)maybeperhaps。maybeMaybehewon’tcome.(2)maybemay，beHemaybeamiddleschoolstudent.他可能是个中学生。ShemaybewatchingTVnow.现在她也许在看电视。near/nearComenear,please.Helivesneartheschool.nearlyTheseasonsoftheyearinEnglandandtheU.S.A.arenearlytheno/noyes；nonotanotany。如：WehavenoclassesonSunday.=Wedon’thaveanyclassesonIdon’tthinkchickenscanswim.我想鸡是不会游泳的。Idon’tknowyournames.我不知道你们的名字。neither/(1)neither“（两者）Iknowneitherofthem.他们俩我都不认识。(2)“neitherofNeitherofthemishere.他们俩没有一个人在这里。Noneofusthreeknowswherehelives.Oon/onThisisabookontheradio.aboutThisisabookabouttheradio.Thisisafilmaboutthewomanstar.1.puton/wear/bedressedin/dressputon

wearbedressedindressup有“盛装、乔装、打扮”之意，表动作。dressTheboywearsanewcoattoday.这男孩今天穿着一件新大衣。It’scoldoutside.Putonmoreclothes.外面冷，穿多一点衣服。Thegirlisdressedinaredcoattoday.小女孩今天穿着一件红外衣。Shehasdressedupinaredskirtfortheparty2.play/playplayplayvt.（无冠词），意为“打……球”；跟乐器名词（the）意为“弹（拉、奏）”。如：Whoareyougoingtoplay?Ilikeplayingtennis.我喜欢打网球。Canyouplaythepiano?playwithplaywithsb./sth.It’sdangeroustoplaywithfire.玩火是危险的。Theboyisplayingwithhistoytrain.pointat/pointpointatShepointedatoneofthethings.pointtoHepointedtothemountainsfaraway.他指了指远处的高山。(3)联想：shoutatsb.；throw…at…把……砸向……plant/plant-Whatdoesyourfatherdo?-Hegrowsflowers.Don’tplanttheflowersbeforemid-Ablem/question/Heisthinkingaboutamathsproblem.Youaregettingfatter.It’saproblem.你长胖了，这可是个问题。(2)question常指由于对某事感到疑惑不解而提出需要解答的问题，askanswerMayIaskaquestion?matterWhat’sthematterwithyou?你怎么啦？R.receive/receiveIreceivedaletteryesterday.昨天我收到了一封信。Theyreceivedawarmwelcome.acceptIreceivedhisgiftbutIdidn’tacceptit.raisevt.Pleaseraiseyourhandwhenyouknowtheanswer.risevi.“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太阳从东方升起，西方落下。riseHeriseearly.他起得早。rightaway/rightnow/atonce/justrightaway,atonceI’llreturnthebookrightaway.rightnowThedoctorisbusyrightnow.I’llgiveyouoneortwoinstancesjustnow.我正要给你举一两个例子。justnow用于过去时的句子里时，表示“刚才”。如：Hecamebackjustnow.send/sendsend含有“派遣、寄送”的意思，是及物动词，其后接宾语或双宾语。如：I’vethoughtaboutit.I’llsendyouthere.我考虑过了，我将派你去那里。Tomsendshismothersomemoneyeverymonth.汤姆每个月给他母亲寄点钱。sendfor

PleasekeepituntilIsendforit.请把它保存好一直到我派人去拿。Onedayhismotherwasill;shesentforadoctor.spend/take/takeit句型：Ittakessb.timetodosth.Ittookmethreehourstofinishmywork.3spend“sb.spendstime(in)doingsth.”。Hespent30minutes(in)writingtheletter.30cost表示花时间时不能用于表示花具体时间（如几个小时、几天等其宾语多是表示含糊的时间（alongtime,muchtime），再就是它不能用Doingtheworkcosttheworkersalongtime.做这项工作花了工人们很长的时间。cost后面更多地用于句型“It/sth.costsb.+金钱”，TheTVsetcosthim5000yuan.5000注意：cost—costcost过去式、过去分词和原形一样。sosothat“Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.他起得早为了赶第一班车。sothatcan/mayso…that“如此……以至……”，thatHeissotiredthathecan’twalkanyfurther.他非常疲劳，走不动了。Thefilmissointerestingthathewantstoseeitagain.soundvoicenoiseCanyouheartheterriblesoundjustnow?刚才你听到那个可怕的声音了吗？Thefamoussingerhasabeautifulvoice.这位有名的歌唱家有一副好嗓子。Pleasestopmakingnoises,boys.孩子们，请停止吵闹了。say/speak/tell/sayWangFangsays,”Iamastudent.”speak，speakatthemeeting,在会上发言，speak才作及物动词，speakEnglishtellvt.，tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事，tellastory讲故事，tellalie说谎。talkvi.主要侧重双方“交谈”，指双方活动；talkwith/tosb.talkaboutsth.some/Therearesomebooksonthedesk.书桌上有一些书。Isthereanywaterinthebottle?瓶子里有水吗？some,anyWouldyoulikesometea?MayIhavesomemorebread.Iamstillhungry.我能再吃点面包吗？我还饿。trytodo/trytrytodotrydoingtrytodosth.“努力去做，尽力做”=tryone’sbesttodo…Hetriedtoclimbthetree.他试着努力爬那棵树。trydoingsth.Ifnooneanswersthedoor,whynottryknockingthebacktill/till(until)所表示的时间为止。如：You’dbetterstayinbedtilltomorrow.Weworkedtill/untillunchtime.till/

Ididn’tknowthefactuntilIreadyourletter.我读了你的信后才知道真相。Shedidn’tgotobedtill/untilshefinishedherhomework.until,tillUntilhewas16,hehadneverbeenawayfromhisuntil,tillA.Notuntil9o’clockdidthemeetingbegin.直到九点钟会议才开始。B.在Itisnotuntil…thatItwasnotuntilthebellrangthatthestudentsstoppedthanksfor/thanksthanksforThanksforyourhelp.thankstothanksPleasegivemythankstoyourparents.请转达我对你的父母亲的谢意。Thankstospacesatellites,theworlditselfisbecomingamuchsmallerplace.多亏有了太空卫星，世界自身才thinkabout/thinkover/think(1)thinkaboutthinkofWhatdoyouthinkof(about)thefilm?你认为这部电影怎么样？(2)表示下列意义时，thinkofthinkaboutHelen,areyouthinkingofmarryingJim?Whothoughtofthisgoodidea?Ican’tthinkofhisnameatthemoment.thinkaboutthinkof代替。如：Wemustn’tthinkaboutthismatteranymore.thinkover（一遍）”Letmethinkitover.Iwillgiveyouananswertowards/towardsTheysawadogcomingtowardsthem.tocome\go\move\returnItwasrainingwhenIcametoschoolthisvery/quite/rather/veryverygood/bad/quitequitegood/rather带有贬义，有“批评”、“鄙视”之意。ratherfat/toonoisy太噪，toofat太胖。what…for/what…forwhy动词不定式来回答；whybecause①Whatdoyouwantasciencelabfor?Ⓒ-WhatdidTomcomeherefor?-Hecametoborrowmybike.Ⓒ-Whywereyoulateforschool?-BecauseIdidn’tcatchthebus.whether/Peopleoftenaskmewhether/ifIlikefootball.人们常问我是否喜欢足球。if,whether。whetherornotIdon’tknowwhetherornothewouldcomeforourwhether引导的（主语）Whetherthisisrightornot,Ican’tsay.这事对与不对，我说不准。Whetheryouwillgoisnoneofmybusiness.你是否要去与我无关。(3)whether+todosth.

Hehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot. *smileShesmiledatme.她向我微笑。（动词Iwaswelcomedwithasmile.我受到了笑脸相迎。（名词﹡laughHelaughedatmyjoke.Igaveaheartylaugh.noise,sound,﹡noise：Thenoiseofthestreetkeptmeawake.街上的吵闹声让我睡不着。Thenoiseoftherainnearlydrownedoutour﹡sound如：Allofasuddentherewasthesoundofshotsandacry.突然，有了枪响声和哭声。如：Didyouhearthestrangesoundfromthenextroomthismorning?今天早上你是否听到隔壁房间发出的怪声音？﹡voice：Thelittlegirlhasabeautifulvoice.这个小女孩有一副好嗓子。Thesingerhaslostherringingvoiceasaresultofabadcold.这位歌手因重感冒而﹡queue，queueline.例如：Theyarewaitinginaqueue.Or,Theyarewaitingin(a)line.他们正在排队等候。﹡row表示“排；行”，指很整齐的一排（行）IaminRowOne.﹡line表示“排；行”，指一排（行）queue,rowline前面的不定冠词可以省略，而queue,row：Pleaselookatpage8,line5.Theyarestandingin(a)line.(Theyarestandinginarow.)sick,﹡illworseworst,：ShewasillinbedSheisillwithacough.﹡sickThesickmanismyuncle.Heissickofcleaningtheclassroom.inhospital,inthe﹡inhospital，inhospital，hospital﹡inthehospital，hospital：Heisillinhospital.Inthehospital,thewomanfindsherhusband.reach,get(to),arrive(at,﹡reach是及物动词，后面跟表示地点的名词。例如：TheyreachedWuhanonOctober6th,2004.20046﹡getto例如：Writetouswhenyougettotheplace.到那里后请来信。﹡arrive是不及物动词，后面需接介词at或in,再和表示地点的名词连用.arrivein常用于较大的地方，如：城市、国家、地区等。例如：WearrivedinShanghaithethismorning.我们是今天早上到达上海的。arriveat较小地点，如：车站、学校、邮局、机场等。例如：Whendoesthetrainarriveatthestation？火车什么时候到﹡afterShewentafterthreedays。她是三天以﹡In：Shewillgothreedays。她三天以后去那﹡ago﹡beforeIvisitedhimthreedaysago，buthehadgonetoShanghaiaweekbefore.我三天前去访问他，但他已于那时一周前到上海去了。

﹡becausewhybecause。如：Heisabsenttodaybecauseheisill。他今天缺席，因为他病了。——Whydidn’thecome?——Becausehehadanimportantmeetingtoattend。——他为什么没来？——因为﹡Asbecause尾。如：Aseverybodyhasarrived,now,wecansetoff。既然大家都到了，我们可以动身了。﹡since（有时为天经地义的事实或格言、谚语等），语because：I’lldoitforyousinceyouarebusy。既然你忙，我来替你做﹡for：Wemustleavenow,forthefilmbeginsatseven.我们得走了，因为电影七点钟开始放映。﹡become：Ibecameill.﹡getbecomeHehasgotrich.﹡goget：go、bad，gohungry﹡be：Hewillbeascientist.他将成为一名科学家。Iwouldliketobeabus-driver.我想成为一名公共汽车司机。﹡grow：Myyoungerbrotherisgrowingtall.﹡turnThemilkturnedsour.farther,在谈论地点、方向或距离时，fartherfurtherfurtherfarther：Theproblemmustbefurtherdiscussednexttime.这个问题下一次还要进一步讨论。Wemustgetfurtherimformation.我们必须获得更多的信息。few,afew,little,alittle,several,﹡fewlittleafewalittle些”，“有一点”。fewafew；littlealittle﹡severalafew，some﹡someafewalittle，﹡whetherif﹡whether， discuss wonder，notsure if：Pleaseletmeknowifyouneedmyhelp.)many,much,alotof(lotsof),plentyof,anumberof,agood(great)dealof﹡manyfew。如：Therearemanyapplesinthebasket.篮子里有许多苹﹡muchlittle。如：I’msorrytogiveyousomuchtrouble.真对不起，﹡alotof（lotsof）manymuch：Alotof(Lotsof)peoplethinkso.很多人都这样想。﹡plentyof：Ididn’thurrybecauseIhadplentyoftime.我没有匆忙，因为我有足够的时间。many，alotof，plentyof：Ihaveanumberofletterstowrite.我有一些﹡agood(great)dealofmuch如：Ispentagreatdealoftime(in)doingmyhomework.我花费了相当多的时间做家庭作业。﹡spendShespentthewholeeveningreading.﹡take：Howlongwillthisjobtakeyou?你做这﹡cost：Howmuchdoesthejacket﹡pay（某人）买某物（或某事）付多少钱（给某人）Ipayformyroomsbythemonth.我按月支付﹡sportsport。如:Peopleallovertheworldenjoysports.世界各地的人们都喜欢运动。﹡gamegame。gameOlympicGames(

﹡match：Ourteamwonthefootballmatch.我们队在足球比赛中﹡race（车等）的比赛。如：Theywontheboatrace.﹡beginstart，end﹡startstopstart。 very：Heisveryclever.他很聪明。Itisveryexciting.那十分激动人心。much：Youmustworkmuchharder.你必须更加努力的工 much，very：Idon’tlikehimmuch.﹡whilePleasekeepquietwhileothersarestudying.﹡when（即某一具体时间），也可指一段时间。主句和从句中的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生，如：I’llgohomewhenIhavefinishedmyjob.我完成了工作再回家（动作先后发生）。﹡aswhenwhile“一面……一面”解。如：Aswewalked，wetalked.﹡hope词。如：Wehopetohearfromyousoon.我们希望不久能收到你的来信。Ihopeitwillbefinetomorrow.我希望明﹡wish：HowIwishitwasn’tput﹡puton：Pleaseputonyournewcoat.请穿上﹡wear：He’swearingawhiteshirt.﹡dresswearputondress人作宾语，意为“给……穿衣服”。如：Couldyoudressthechildforme?你能不能替我给小孩穿上衣服？当表示自己穿衣服时，一般要用“getdressed（dressone—self）”。如：Hecannotgetdressed(dresshimself).他不会自dress“bedressedin”的形式。如：Shewasdressedinaredcoat.当时她穿着一件红色的上衣。dressup：Willthisbeabirthdaypartyordowehavetodressup?这是一个生日宴会吗？或者我们得打扮打扮？足球英：football；soccer：rugby；rugby23﹑quite,very﹡quite﹡ratherquiteveryquitegood，可能意味着它可能不是一部最好的电影，但确实值得看看；rathergood——————————————————（程度逐渐加强请看例句：It’srathera/aratherlongway.那是段很长的路。Thisisaquite/quiteaninterestingfilm.这是﹡by（方法、手段）”和“乘某种交通工具”。如：Wehadtodoalltheworkbyhand.所有的活我们都要用手工完成。TheygotoHarbinbytrain.他们乘火车去哈尔滨。﹡With：Hewroteitwithapencil.﹡In……（语言、文字等）媒介”。如：WecansingthesonginEnglish.我们会用英语唱这﹡as（like试比较①Letmespeaktoyouasafather.我作为一位父亲同你说话。ⒸLetmespeaktoyoulikeafather.

bemadeof,bemadefrom,bemadeinto,bemade﹡bemadeof﹡bemadefrombemadeoutof﹡bemadeintomake…into（把……制成……）。如：Wecanmakeglassintobottles./Glasscanbemadeintobottles.玻璃可制成瓶子。﹡bemadein（出品）﹡beusedfor（代词）﹡beusedto：Aknifecanbeusedforcuttingbread./Aknifecanbeusedtocutbread.beusedto，used，to名词（代词）或动名词。如：Heisusedtogettingupearly.他习惯于早起。﹡other﹡else（something,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody），疑问代词（who，which，what）和疑问副词（when，where），必须位于这些词之后。如：Theotherstudentsareallontheplayground.其他的学生都在操场上。Whereelsedidyougoandwhoelsedidyousee?你还去了别的什么地方？还看到了谁？It’ssomebodyelse’smoney.这是别的什么人的钱。none，no﹡nobodynooneofNone语动词用单数。如：Noneofmyfriendscometoseeme.我的朋友一个也没来看我。/Noneofthemeatwasleft.一点肉也没剩。/Nobodywashurt,werethey?？/Noonelikeshisfriendstocomelate.没人喜欢他﹡acrossover：Theybuiltabridgeacross/overthe﹡over，across：Ifwecan’tgooverthemountainwemustgoaroundit.如果我们不能从山上翻过去，我们就得从山脚下绕过去。Acrossthrough（一定范围的）一边across﹡throughIttookustwohourstowalkthroughtheforest.穿过森林花了我们两小时。/Dobecarefulwhilewalkingacrossthestreet.过街时一定要小心。﹡anothermore，other：Weneedfivemoremen.我们还需要五个人。/Iwantanotherthreebooks.我还需要三本书。/HeworksontheGreatGreenWallwithmanyotherpeople.他和其他一些othergrow,plant,﹡plant﹡grow﹡keepplant/grow：Hegrowsmanykindsofflowersinhisgarden.他在他的花园里栽了很多种花。/Heplantedapinetreelastyear,butitisdeadnow.他去年种了一棵松树，但是现在死了。/Mygrandmakeepshensandadog.我奶奶养了几只鸡和一条狗。attheendof,bytheendof,totheend,inthe﹡attheendof可表示时间，也可表示地点，指“在……末（底）”、“在……末端（尽头﹡bytheendof”；attheendof与一个行为动作相关，常与一般过去时或一般将来时连用；bytheendof不指一个时间点，而是指某一时间点以前或到某一时间点为止，强调的是状态或结果，而不是行为，常与完成时连用。如：Wehadaclassmeetingattheendoflastweek.上周末我们开了一个班会。/Bytheendofthistermwehaslearnedsixteenunits.到这个学期为止，我16﹡totheend（某一）终点为止”，指地点，也可指时间。如:Weshouldgoonwiththeworktotheend.我们应把工作进行到底。/Followthisroadtotheendandyouwillseeapost﹡intheendatlast,finally.如：Theywonthegameinthe﹡win﹡beat：Weknowit’seasytobeathim.我们知道要打败他们很容易。/Wewonthegameintheend.我们最终赢得了比赛。﹡lone（在诗歌中）lonely。如：Shecouldseealonefigureonthedesertedbeachwalkingtoandfro.她看到一个孤寂的人影在荒凉的海滩上走来走去。Inthatcloudyskyonlyonelonestarcouldbeseen.在那多云的天空中，只能看见孤零﹡lonely“孤单的，寂寞的”，但更强调指渴望陪伴的孤独感受。如：Alonelyyoungsailorfeltsorryforhimselfbecausehisgirlfriendnolongerlovedhim.孤独的青年海员由于女友不再爱他而非常伤心。/Hespentmanylonelydaysonthedesertedislandbeforethatattractivegirlappeared.在那个有魅力的女孩出现之前，

wasalone,buthedidn’tfeellonely.他虽独自一人，但并不感到孤独。表示一种特别的目的。如：Shepaidspecial(especial)attentiontoclothes.她特别讲究穿着。That’smyfather’sspecialchairinhisoffice.那是我父亲办公室的专用椅子。ThesearespecialshoesmadeforJohn.这﹡fallfall﹡dropfalldrop：Themanfell(dropped)fromthetopofthebuilding.(两者都指无意识的行为。)Herhairfallstohershoulders.（指无意识的行为。）Manytreesfellinthestorm.(指无意识的行为。)Oneafteranother,allthreeofthemfellasleep.(fall)Hedroppedaletterintothepost—box.(指有意识的行为。)Theenemyplanedroppedseveralbombs.（指有意识的行为。）﹡foramoment：Pleasewaitforamoment.请等一下。/Hereadthepaperforamomentandwentout.他看了一会儿报纸，就出去了。﹡forthemoment：Stopdiscussingforthemoment,please./Let’sleavethingsastheyareforthemoment.﹡inamoment：I’llcomebackinamoment.我马上就回来。/He’llmeetyouinamoment.他一会就见你。﹡atthemoment：I’mbusyatthe我此刻很忙。/Iwasbusyatthemoment.festival,holiday﹡festivaltheSpringFestival(春节)，thefilmfestival（电影节），theTVfestival(﹡holiday“假期”，美式英语中则习惯用单数。如：apleasantRomanholiday（愉快的罗马假日），theChristmasholidays(圣诞节假期)，theschoolholiday(学校的假期)。﹡vacationholidaysapaidvacation（带薪假期），thewintervacation/holidays（寒假），thesummervacation/holidays(暑假)。gone，lost﹡gone：Myfeverisgone,butIstillhaveacough.我的烧已经退了，但还有些咳嗽。Shelookeddownatherdressandfoundhernecklace﹡lost：Theparentsfoundthelostchildatlast.父母亲终于找到了自己丢失的孩子。Hiselderbrotherwaslostatsea.他的哥哥在海里失踪了。﹡missing：MyJapanese—Chinesedictionaryismissing.我的日汉词典不见了。Thepolicearetryingtheirbesttofindthemissingjoin，joinin，takepart﹡joinjoin动。如：It’sbeentwoyearssincehejoinedtheclub.他参加这个俱乐部已两年了。Hejoinedthearmyin1945andjoinedtheCommunistPartythenextyear.他于一九四五年参军，并在第二年入党。Willyoujoinus?跟我们一﹡joinin，injoinsb.in…结构，inin：Dojoinus(inthegame).跟我们一起做游戏吧。Theyjoinedmeincongratulatingyou.他们与我一道向你表示祝贺。Let’sjoininandgivethemawarmwelcome.让我们也一起给他们以热烈的欢迎。Thewholecrowdjoinedinsingingthepopularsong.整个人群都唱起了这首流行歌曲。﹡takepartin意思。如：TheUniontookanactivepartinthestrike.工会在这次罢工中发挥了积极的作用。Theytookaleadingpartintheeffortstostrengthennationaldefense.他们在加强国防力量方面出了很大力。Hetookpartinthestudents’movementintheearlyforties.在四十年代初，他参加了学生运动。Switzerlanddidn’ttakepartinthetwoWorldWars.瑞士没有参加两次世界大战。42、journey,tour,trip,﹡journey的含义，常蕴涵辛苦的意味。有是它也被用来指海上与空中的旅行。如：HedecidedtomakethejourneytoDunhuang,anditwasratherdifficult.他决定去敦煌旅游，但旅途会很艰难。Lifeisalongjourneyfrombirthtodeath.﹡tour：ShetookatourofKorea.她去韩国旅行了一次。Hehasgoneonawalkingtour.他去参加了步行旅游。﹡tripjourney：IamgoingtomakeatriptoHangzhou.我准备去杭州旅行。HetookseveraltripstoShanghaiin1997.在一九九七年他去了几次上海。﹡travel行时常用复数形式。作不可数名词时，常被用来泛指旅行这一行为。如：DidyougotoSantiagoduringyourtravels/这次旅行你去了圣地亚哥了没有？Travellingthroughthickforestsisdangerous.在茂密的森林中穿梭是很

beat，hit﹡beatHit”（尤指一次性的）或“命中（目标）”﹡strikehit（火柴）”；“给人深刻印象”等。如：Themanlookeddeadbuthisheartwasstillbeating.这个人看上去已经死了，可心脏还在跳动。Hehittheballsohardthatitwentoverthewall.他使劲地击球，结果球越过了墙。Shestruck(or：hit)himhardontheheadwithavase.她用一只花瓶使劲地往他头上一敲。Hewentin,struckamatchandlitacandletogiveofflight.他进屋，划了根火柴并点燃了蜡烛照亮了房间。TheforeignerwasdeeplystruckbythebeautyoftheWestLake.外宾对西湖之美,印象极深。living，alive，livelive﹡living：1）表示“活着的，尤指现存的”，可以指人，也可指物。在句中作表语或定语；作定语lively，Alivinglanguageshouldbelearnedorally.一种活的语言应该通过口语来学习。ShellywasstilllivingwhenKeatsdied.济慈死时，雪莱还活着。Wehavealivinghopethatyouwillsucceed.我们强烈地希望你成功。﹡alive面。如：Isshestillalive?她还活着吗？Theyarethehappiestchildrenalive.他们是当代最幸福的孩子们。Thelakeisalivewithfish.湖里鱼多得很。﹡live/laiv/，living义。如：Thisisalivefish(mouse).这是一条活鱼（一只活老鼠）。Don’tplaywithlivecoals!不要玩燃烧着的煤块。Alivewireisdangerous.通上电的电线很危险。Itwaslivebroadcast,notarecording.那是实况广播，不﹡lively/laivli/，2）（颜色）3）生动的，真实的。例如：Sheisaslivelyasakitten.她快活的像只小猫。Thepatientseemsalittlelivelierthismoring.那为病人今晨似乎好些了。Whatlivelycolors!多么鲜明的色彩！Hegavealivelydescriptionofthefootballgame.他对这场足球赛进行了生动的描述。maybe，possibly﹡maybe“可能，也许”，比其余的几个词更为随便和不正式，可能性不大，也可以表示一种非常委婉，礼貌的建议或要求。如：youcouldputitoverthere,maybe.也许你可以把它搁在那边。Hedidn’tfeelquiteright;maybehegotsunstroke.他觉得不太好，也许是有点中暑。Thedoctorthinksmaybewe’dbetterhaveaminoroperation.医生认﹡possibly“可能地，或者，也许”，可能性较大用于否定句和疑问句时表示“无论如何”之意。如：Sheexpressedregretforanyinconveniencewhichmightpossiblybecaused.她为任何可能造成的不便而深表歉意。Icouldn’tpossiblyhavefinishedtypingsuchalongdo