专题03形容词副词（复习讲义）中考英语二轮复习（学生版）

专题03形容词&副词复习讲义【要点归纳|典例解析】一、形容词、副词的句法功能均起修饰作用。形容词在句中作定/表/宾语补足语；副词可作状/表/补/定语。如：It’ssunnytoday.“今天天气晴朗。”(sunny作表语)Studentsshouldkeeptheclassroomclean.“学生应该保持教室干净。”(clean作宾补)Lifehereisrichandinteresting.“这里的生活既丰富又有趣。”(here作后置定语)KunquOperaiswidelythoughttobeoneofthesymbolsofSuzhou.“昆曲被广泛认为是苏州的象征之一。”(widely作状语)1. 形容词排列顺序：限定词—数词—描绘词(大小，长短/高矮，形状，年龄/新旧，颜色)—国籍/产地—材料—名词。如：asmallroundtable,adirtyoldbrownshirt,afamousGermanmedicalschool,anexpensiveJapanesecar【口诀】大哥限描大，二哥形龄颜，小弟籍物类，同站名词前。2. 副词的位置副词分类示例位置时间副词already,now,finally一般放句末，有时放句首。若两种同时出现，地点副词置前。地点副词here,there,home,around频率副词always,often,usually放在助动词、情态动词或系动词之后，行为动词之前，即“行前be后”。副词分类示例位置程度副词very,quite,too,so,almost一般放在被修饰词之前，但enough要放在形容词后。方式副词carefully,successfully一般放在被修饰的动词或动词词组后。3. “动词＋副词”构成的短语动词和up,down,in等副词构成动词短语，作宾语的名词可放副词前或后，代词则只能放副词前。如：takeofftheshoes＝taketheshoesoff“脱掉鞋子”；putthemaway“把它们收好”二、名词变形容词构成方法示例名词词尾＋－y/－ern/－ly/－ful/－less/－en/－ouscloud→cloudy;east→eastern;friend→friendly;use→useful;care→careless;wood→wooden;danger→dangerous以－ence/－ance结尾的名词变为－ent/－antdifference→different;importance→important名词＋－ablesuit→suitable;value→valuable其他science→scientific;energy→energetic;pride→proud三、形容词变副词构成方法示例直接在词尾加lycareful→carefully;quick→quickly;bright→brightly以y结尾发音为/ɪ/,把y变成i,再加lyeasy→easily;happy→happily发音为/aɪ/,则直接加lyshy→shyly;dry→dryly以元音字母＋e结尾去e加ly,true→truly以le结尾的形容词，改e为yterrible→terribly;simple→simply;possible→possibly【温馨提示】(1)有些词以ly结尾，仍为形容词，如：friendly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,weekly,daily等。(2)有些形容词和副词同形，如：early,late,low,fast,far,near等。1．（2022年广西梧州市中考英语真题）—Itwillbe________thisafternoon.—Well,we’dbettertakeanumbrella,orwewillgetwet.A．rainy B．cloudy C．windy D．sunny2．（2022年四川省达州市中考英语真题）—Jessica,it’sraining________outside.—Oh,youshouldbe________whenyoudrivetowork.A．hard;careful B．hardly;careful C．hard;carefully D．hardly;carefully3．（河北省张家口市怀安县20212022学年九年级上学期期末考试英语试题）Wewillhaveafieldtripthisafternoon.Thenewsmakeseveryone__________.A．excited B．frightened C．happily D．luckily4．（西藏自治区2021年中考英语试题）Themathproblemisso________,andthestudentscansolveit________.A．easy；easily B．easy；easy C．easily；easy D．easily；easily【答案】A5．（贵州省铜仁市2018年中考英语试题）—Look!Itisraining________.—That’sright.Therainistoo________togoshopping.A．heavily；heavy B．heavily；heavilyC．heavy；heavy D．heavy；heavily6．（四川省乐山市2016年中考英语试题）ThePizzasmells_______.Letmehaveonefirst.A．well B．good C．bad7．（内蒙古呼和浩特市2017年中考英语试题）Thepizzalooks______.Itismyfavourite.A．lovely B．sweetly C．softly D．healthily8．（上海市2021年中考英语试题）Yourideaofadayonthebeachsounds________.CanIjoinyou?A．lovely B．softly C．politely D．beautifully9．（专题01单项选择《备战2020年中考英语真题分类汇编》（上海））Themanagersounded____onthephone.Heofferedtoshowusaroundthepany.A．softly B．friendly C．gently D．seriously10．（江苏省常州市2019年中考英语试题）Jimiswatchingafootballmatchwhichisshown__________onTV.Thoughheisnotonthescene,hecanstillcheerforhisteam.A．lively B．live C．living D．alive11．（江苏省常州市2019年中考英语试题）Inthelibrary,studentsarerequiredtokeep___________andmove____________.A．quiet;quiet B．quiet;quietly C．quietly;quiet D．quietly;quietly12．（2023年江苏省扬州市宝应县中考一模英语试题）AlthoughLeiFenghasbeendeadformorethan60years,LeiFeng’sspiritisstill________,encouragingayoungergenerationofChinese.A．lively B．live C．living D．alive13．（2023年上海市松江区中考一模英语试题）Mumsaid,“Jane,youshouldbemore________toyouryoungerbrother”.A．friendly B．politely C．gently D．softly14．（仁爱版英语九年级下册中考模拟题（二））ThestudentsfromAmericaenjoystayinginourschoolbecauseeveryoneis________tothem.A．friendly B．gently C．happily D．politely15．（2023年上海市普陀区中考一模英语试题）May’ssister,Betty,isa________girl.Everybodylikesherverymuch.A．hardly B．beautifully C．lovely D．carefully16．（2023年上海市崇明区中考一模英语试题）“Youlook________inthatyellowandwhiteskirt.”Maysaidtoherfriend.A．quietly B．lovely C．politely D．happily17．（2023年上海市嘉定区中考一模英语试题）Therewasalittledogwaitingatthecornerofthestreetanditseemedso________.A．sadly B．angrily C．quietly D．lonely18．（牛津译林版英语九年级下册Unit1Asia阶段复习（一））MissWangwasvery______becausethiskindofworkwastoo______.A．tiring;tiring B．tired;tired C．tiring;tired D．tired;tiring19．（2023年上海市闵行区中考一模英语试题）Helooked________whenheheardhefailedinthemathsexamyesterday.A．upset B．excited C．angrily D．happily20．（2023年上海市静安区中考一模英语试题）Thelovelypetcatfeltextremely________whenhermasterhelditinthearms.A．save B．safe C．safely D．safety21．（2022年浙江省温州市第二实验中学中考一模英语试题）Tonyissucha________boyandhecanalwaysmakeupstorieswithsurprisingendings.A．helpful B．wealthy C．creative D．famous四、形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级1. 形容词和副词分原级、比较级和最高级，有规则变化和不规则变化。规则变化情况构成方式原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加er或estlonglongerlongest以不发音e结尾的单音节词末尾加r或stlatelaterlatest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写辅音字母，再加er或estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词变y为i,再加er或estearlyearlierearliesthappyhappierhappiest规则变化情况构成方式原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加er或estlonglongerlongest以不发音e结尾的单音节词末尾加r或stlatelaterlatest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写辅音字母，再加er或estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词变y为i,再加er或estearlyearlierearliesthappyhappierhappiest情况构成方式原级比较级最高级多音节词和部分双音节词在其前加more或mostusefulmoreusefulmostusefulcarefullymorecarefullymostcarefully不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestill/bad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest2. 原级的用法(1)very,quite,pretty,so,too,enough等程度副词只能修饰原级。如：It’sveryimportantforustokeepsafe.“对于我们来说保证安全是很重要的。”(2)原级比较常见句型①A＋谓语＋as＋原级＋as＋B:A与B在某方面相同。如：Balanceddietsarejustasimportantasregularexerciseinourdailylife.“在我们的日常生活中，均衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼一样重要。”②A＋谓语(否定)＋as/so＋原级＋as＋B＝A＋谓语＋less＋原级＋than＋B:A在某方面不如B。如：Adogisnotas/sodangerousasatiger.＝Adogislessdangerousthanatiger.“狗没有老虎危险。”③A＋谓语＋half/倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B:A是B的……的一半/倍。如：Theroadhasbeenenlargedtwiceaswideasbefore.“这条路被扩成原来的两倍宽。”Lucy’sbooksarehalfasthickasNancy’s.“露西的书是南希的一半厚。”(3)原级比较中，形容词修饰可数名词单数时，不定冠词和名词放形容词后。如：Thisisasgoodabookasanyotherbook.“这是本跟其他书一样好的书。”LilyisascleveragirlasLisa.“莉莉是个跟莉萨一样聪明的女孩。”（2023·安徽·模拟预测）“TheLakeofPeachBlossomisathousandfeetdeep,butnot________thefriendshipWangLunandIkeep.”isfromaveryfamouspoemwrittenbyLiBai.A．sodeepas B．sodeeperas C．asdeeperas D．asdeeplyas（2023·江苏扬州·模拟预测）Abathusesabouttwiceas________waterasashower.A．more B．most C．much D．many3．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第六十九中学校校考一模）—Maryisnotso________asBetty.—Iagree.Bettyis________thananyothergirlinourclass.A．taller;taller B．taller;tallest C．tall;taller4．（2023·江苏常州·常州实验初中校考一模）Ifyoudon’ttaketheGPSwithyou,youwillbe________ablindmanintherainforest.A．asgoodas B．aswellas C．assillyas D．asslowas5．（2022·海南省直辖县级单位·校考模拟预测）Thisreadingisnot________thatone.A．aseasieras B．soeasythan C．aseasyas6．（2023·上海·统考一模）Peterthinkstheenvironmentinhishometownis________before.Boththeairandthewaterarebadlypolluted.A．asgoodas B．muchbetterthan C．notsogoodas D．moreworsethan7．（2022·湖北襄阳·统考中考真题）—Whichdoyoulikebetter,mathorphysics?—Bothofthemaremyfavoritesubjects.Ithinkmathisas_________asphysics.A．interesting B．moreinteresting C．lessinteresting D．mostinteresting9．（2021·湖北黄石·统考中考真题）Dr.YuanLongpinghadadreamthathecoulddevelopriceas________aspeanuts(花生).A．large B．largest C．larger D．thelargest10．（2020·上海·统考中考真题）Balanceddietsarejustas________asregularexerciseinourdailylife．A．important B．moreimportantC．mostimportant D．themostimportant11．（2020·湖北咸宁·统考中考真题）—Doesthedishtasteas___________asitlooks?

—Yes.Ican'twaittoeatit.A．well B．good C．better D．best12．（2021·广西桂林·统考中考真题）Guilinisn’tas________asBeijing.A．big B．bigger C．biggest13．（2021·吉林·统考中考真题）—IsLarryas________asOliver?—No,heisn’t.Larryisshorter.A．taller B．tall C．thetallest14．（2022·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）—Isyourhairas________asMary’s?—No,itisn’t.Hersis________thanmine.A．long;long B．longer;long C．long;longer15．（2023·上海青浦·统考一模）Thescenicspotwevisitedduringtheholidaywasnotas________asweexpected.A．crowded B．morecrowded C．mostcrowded D．themostcrowded。3. 比较级的用法(1)比较级能用much,alittle,even,abit,afew,alot,still,far,rather,any等词修饰。如：Thisstreetismuchwiderthanthatone.“这条街比那条要宽得多。”(2)比较级常见句型①A＋谓语＋比较级＋than＋B:A比B更……。如：Dreamsarepowerfulandtheycandriveyoutoworkharderandbeebetterthanbefore.“梦想是强大的，它可以驱动你更加努力工作，变得比以前更好。”②A＋谓语＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B:A是B的……倍。如：Thetableistwicebiggerthanthatone.“这张餐桌是那张的两倍大。”③比较级＋and＋比较级：越来越……；多音节词则为：moreandmore＋原级。如：④the＋比较级，the＋比较级：越……越……。如：Theharderyoustudy,thebettergradesyouwillget.“你越努力学习，就会得到越好的成绩。”(3)比较数量时，数量多用more;数量少，可数名词用fewer,不可数名词用less。如：Ihavemoremilkthanfruitjuice.＝Ihavelessfruitjuicethanmilk.“我的牛奶比果汁多。”(4)比较级否定结构可与同级比较的否定句相互转换。如：IthinkmathislessinterestingthanChinese.＝Ithinkmathisnotas/sointerestingasChinese.“我认为数学没有语文有趣。”1．（2023·湖北武汉·模拟预测）Aliceusedtobe_________.Butafterkeepingrunningforalongtime,shebees_________thanbefore.A．weak;healthy B．weak;healthier C．strong;healthily D．strong;morehealthily2．（2023·广西柳州·统考一模）—HaveyouwatchedthefilmTheWanderingEarthII（流浪地球2）?—Yes,it’ssomoving.Ihaveneverseena________one.A．good B．better C．best3．（2023·湖北黄冈·统考二模）—HowdoyoulikeJason’sbooks?—Theyaremylastchoice.ThemoreIreadthem,________Ilikethem.A．theless B．theleast C．themore D．themost4．（2023·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Wouldyouliketogotothecityandlivewithus,Grandpa?—Oh,dear,Iamusedtothelifeinthecountryside.Ithinklifehereis________.A．lessfortable B．theleastfortable C．morefortable D．themostfortable5．（2023·江苏徐州·统考一模）—WhatdoyouthinkofthehomesfortheelderlyinChina,MrWhite?—I’veneverseen________onebefore.A．agood B．abetter C．thebest D．abest6．（2023·江苏盐城·模拟预测）—AreyousatisfiedwithTom’snewworksofart?—Notabit.Theycouldn’tbe________.A．anybetter B．anyworse C．sobad D．thebest7．（2023·上海金山·统考一模）Whenautumnes,thenightsbee________thanthedays.A．long B．longer C．longest D．thelongest8．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第四十七中学校考一模）Asmiddleschoolstudents,________timeyousleepthenightbefore,________youwilllistentotheteachersinclassthenextday.A．themore,themorecarefulB．theless,thelesscarelesslyC．themore,themorecarefully9．（2023·新疆·统考一模）The________welookafterourenvironment,the________ourworldwillbe.A．morecareful;morebeautiful B．morecarefully;morebeautifullyC．morecarefully;morebeautiful D．mostcarefully;mostbeautiful10．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第六十九中学校校考一模）—Maryisnotso________asBetty.—Iagree.Bettyis________thananyothergirlinourclass.A．taller;taller B．taller;tallest C．tall;taller11．（2022·江苏镇江·校联考一模）—YouhavemadegreatprogressinEnglishspeaking.—Thankyou.Ibelieve________Iwork,thebettergradesIwillget.A．themorecareless B．themorecareful C．theharder D．theworse12．（2022·黑龙江鸡西·校考一模）—CanyoutellmewhyyoulearnEnglishsowell?—It’seasy.________youwork,________gradesyoucanget.A．Thecareful,thegood B．Themorecarefully,thebetter C．Themorecareful,thebetter13．（2022·山东济南·统考中考真题）AlthoughLinglingstudiesonlineathome,shestudies________thanbefore.A．hard B．harder C．hardest D．thehardest14．（2022·江西·统考中考真题）—Whodoyouthinkwillwintherace,BoborTom?—ItmustbeBob.Ithinkheruns________.A．faster B．fastest C．moreslowly D．mostslowly15．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）Royisagreatdancer.Hedances________thanothers.A．beautifully B．morebeautifully C．lessbeautifully D．mostbeautifully16．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）Musicisaformofthought,aspowerfulasscience,somusiceducationis________thanpeoplegenerallyrealize.A．muchnecessary B．muchmorenecessary C．moremuchnecessary D．morenecessarier17．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）Theharderyouwork,the________youwillbe.A．luckier B．lucky C．luckily D．luck18．（2022·广西桂林·统考中考真题）Tonyis________thanDarning.A．taller B．tall C．tallest19．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）Thisdetectivestoryis_______thantheoneIreadlastnight.A．attractive B．moreattractive C．mostattractive D．themostattractive20．（2022·贵州黔西·统考中考真题）Ofthetwomathproblems,Jackyworkedoutthe________one.Hegaveupthedifficultone.A．moredifficult B．mostdifficult C．easier D．easiest4. 最高级的用法(1)三者或以上进行比较，形容词最高级前须加the,副词最高级前可不加the,常与表范围的in/of短语连用。如：MyPeople,MyCountryisthemosteducationalmovieI’veeverseeninmylife.“《我和我的祖国》是我一生中看过的最有教育意义的电影。”(2)最高级常见句型①Which/Who＋谓语＋the＋最高级，A,BorC？：A、B和C中哪一个最……？如：Whichisthelargestcity,Beijing,ShanghaiorGuangzhou?“北京、上海和广州，哪个城市最大？”②A＋谓语＋oneof＋the＋最高级＋名词复数＋范围：A是……中最……的之一。如：Qomolangmaisoneofthemostpopularplacesforseriousmountainclimbers.“珠穆朗玛峰对于真正的登山爱好者来说是最受欢迎的地点之一。”③A＋谓语＋the＋序数词＋形容词最高级＋可数名词单数＋范围：A是……中第几最……。如：Heisthesecondtallestboyinourclass.“他是我们班第二高的男生。”(3)最高级前有物主代词等限定词修饰时，不加定冠词the。如：ThisisKate’smostexpensivedress.“这是凯特最昂贵的裙子。”(4)形容词比较级结构也可表示最高级含义(比较的双方是同类)。如：Lindaisthetallestgirlinmyclass.“琳达是我班上最高的女生。”＝Lindaistallerthananyothergirlinmyclass.＝Lindaistallerthananyoftheothergirlsinmyclass.＝Lindaistallerthantheothergirlsinmyclass.＝Lindaistallerthantherestofthegirlsinmyclass.＝NogirlistallerthanLindainmyclass.1．（2023·江西·模拟预测）Teais________ofallthedrinks.Ithasover5,000yearsofhistoryinChina.A．older B．theoldest C．old D．oldest2．（2023·四川成都·模拟预测）MorethanseventypercentofthestudentschoseMissFishertobethebestteacher.Theythinksheis________ofalltheteache