专题07重点语法知识梳理一冠词数词及专练100题（原卷版）-2021-2022学年八年级英语上学期期末考点大串讲（牛津上海版）

专题07重点语法知识梳理一：冠词、数词及专练100题Grammar1：冠词冠词一、冠词概述1．冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。2．冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种：不定冠词用于单数可数名词之前，通常带有“一”、“某一”、“一种”的含义；定冠词则表示名词为特定者，表示“这”、“那”、“这些”、“那些”的意思，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。二、a和an的区别1．不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的词前。例如：aboy,auniversity,aEuropean（欧洲的）country;anhour,anisland,anelephant,anumbrella三、不定冠词的用法1.不定冠词用来表示“一”这个数量，意思和one差不多：

例如：a.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.罗马不是一天建成的。

b.Hewillbebackinadayortwo.他将在一至两天内返回。说明：这种用法在表示重量、长度、时间等的词组中特别普遍。例如：apairofsocks,ahundred,twoyuan,ameter,eighthoursaday,twiceaweek,acupoftea.泛指某一类人、事或物，这是不定冠词的基本用法。例如：Agrammarbookisnecessarytoalanguagelearner.对语言学习者来说，语法书是很必要的。Ahouseisausefulanimal.泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。例如，Amanislookingforyou.表示“每一”，相当于every例如，Igotoschoolfivedaysaweek.我一周上五天课。用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。例如，Ihavethreebooks.Iwanttobuyafourthone.我已经有三本书，我想买第四本。用在某些固定词组中：alot(of)许多，大量；afterawhile过一会儿；havearest（休息）；havealook（瞧瞧）；haveagoodtime（过得开心）；takeashower（淋浴）；takeabreak（休息）；takeabath（洗澡）；getacold（患感冒）；getafever（发烧）；makealiving（谋生）；inamoment（过一会儿）；四、定冠词的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。例如，Theblueshirtismine.蓝衬衫是我的。Wherearetheotherstudents?其他学生在哪儿？指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如：Openthewindow,please.请打开窗户。指上文已经提到的人或事物。例如：Ihaveacar.Thecarisred.我有一辆小汽车，它是红色的。指世界上独一无二的事物。例如：Whichisbigger,thesunortheearth?哪一个大，太阳还是地球？用在序数词，形容词最高级前。例如：Thefirstlessonistheeasiestoneinthisbook.第一课是这本书最简单的一课。用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如，theUnitedStates美国用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。例如:thepoor穷人,theblind盲人用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。例如：theGreens格林一家或格林夫妻俩用在方位词前。例如:ontheleft在左边，inthemiddleof在中间用在乐器名称前。例如：Sheplaysthepianoeveryday.她每天弹钢琴。用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。例如：theBlackSea黑海，theYangziRiver长江用在某些固定词组中：allthesame仍然；allthetime一直；atthemoment此刻；atthesametime同时；bytheway顺便说；dotheshopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上；intheopenair在户外，在野外五、零冠词的用法1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。例如，Tian’anMenSquare天安门广场，2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my，your，his，her等)、指示代词(this/these，that/those)、不定代词(some，any等)及所有格限制时。例如mybook(正)；mythebook(误)复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如：a.Theyareteachers.他们是老师。b.Tigerslikemeat.老虎喜欢吃肉4.在星期，月份，季节，节日前:例如：onSunday在周日，inMarch在三月，inspring在春天，onWomen’sDay在妇女节(特例：如果月份，季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时，则要加定冠词：HejoinedtheArmyinthespringof1982.他在1982年春季参军。)5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：Tom汤姆，Mum妈妈6.在学科名称，三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如：Ihavelunchatschooleveryday.特例：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：Icanseeafootball.我可以看到一只足球。Where’sthefootball？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。例如：No.25MiddleSchool某些固定词组中不用冠词。(1)与by连用的交通工具名称前：bybus乘公共汽车；bycar乘汽车；bybike骑/坐自行车；bytrain乘火车；byair/plane乘飞机；bysea/ship乘船，但takeabus，inaboat，onthebike前需用冠词(2)名词词组：dayandnight日日夜夜；brotherandsister兄弟姐妹;hourafterhour时时刻刻；hereandthere到处(3)介词词组：athome在家；insurprise惊奇地；atnoon在中午;onfoot步行；atnight在晚上；onduty值日；atwork在工作；ontime准时；forexample例如；inclass在上课；onshow展览；inbed在床上(4)go短语：gohome回家；gotobed上床睡觉；gotoschool去上学；gotowork去上班；goshopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼六、用与不用冠词的差异1.inhospital住院/inthehospital在医院里2.infrontof在……(外部的)前面/inthefrontof在……(内部的)前面3.takeplace发生/taketheplace(of)代替4.gotoschool上学/gototheschool到学校去5.nextyear明年/thenextyear第二年6.ateacherandwriter一位教师兼作家(一人)/ateacherandawriter一位教师和一位作家(两人)【活学活用1】一、单项选择1．—Wow!Thecaptionis________bestfilmIhaveeverseen.—Ican’tagreemore.Ihaveneverseen________betteronebefore.A．the;the B．the;a C．a;a D．/;the2．—Anna,whatdidyoubuyforyourself?—Nothing,butIboughtmyfriend________umbrella.Andhethoughtitwas________usefulgift.A．an;an B．a;a C．an;a D．a;an3．—What______honestboy!—Yes,andheis_______beststudentinourclass.A．an;the B．the;a C．a;the D．a;a4．__________excellentjourneyitwastotakeaboattripontheRiverSeinelastsummerholiday!A．Whatan B．Whata C．Howan D．How5．Tomhas________honestface,and,infact,henevertellslies.A．a B．an C．the D．不填6．Don’tforgettotake________umbrellawithyoubecauseit’srainingoutside.A．a B．the C．an D．/7．Myfavouritehobbyis________.A．playchess B．playthechess C．playingchess D．playingthechess8．Don’tshoutathim.Heisonly________boy.A．aneightyearold B．aeightyearold C．aeightyearsold D．aneightyearsold.9．LeonardodaVinciisagreatpainterand________inventor.A．a B．an C．the D．/10．Playing_______soccercanhelppreventusfromhaving_______flu.A．the;a B．/;the C．/;a11．Theglueis________usefultoolwhenwestickpaperonthewall.A．an B．a C．the D．/12．ElonMusk,thefounder(创立者)ofthepanySpaceX,is________unusualperson.A．a B．an C．the D．/13．Ireceived________invitationyesterday,butnowIcan’tfind________invitationanywhere.A．an;the B．a;the C．/;the D．the;/14．—ChineseNationGeographyissuch________usefulmagazineforstudents.—Yes.Ibuyiteveryweek.A．an B．a C．/ D．the15．—Whois________boyunderthetree?—Whichone?Theonewith________umbrella?A．a;a B．the;a C．a;an D．the;an16．Ihave________badcoldandhavetostayin________bedfortwodays.A．the;/ B．a;the C．the;the D．a;/17．MyfriendTomisalways________honestboy.That’swhyhehassomanygoodfriends.A．a B．an C．the D．/18．Jillis________18yearoldstudent.Heisstudyingmedicinein________universityinBeijing.A．a;an B．an;an C．an;the D．an;a19．—DoesJanehave________flu?—Yes,shedoes.SoIthinktodayis________unusualdayforher.A．a;a B．the;an C．a;an20．—ThefilmMyPeople,MyHomelandis,Ihavetosay,verywonderful.—Yes.It’s________excellentfilmandIneversee________betterone.A．a;an B．an;the C．an;a D．a;the21．—Wheredidyougoon________vacation?—IwenttoNewYorkCity.A．a B．an C．/22．Thereis________armytraininghardinTibettofightforourcountry.A．the B．a C．an23．Johnis________honeststudent.Alltheteachersandclassmateslike________boy.A．an;a B．a;the C．an;the D．a;a24．—WhatdoyouthinkoftheEnglishsongYesterdayOnceMore?—It’s__________bestsongI’veeverheard,andthesingerhas__________beautifulvoice.A．a;/ B．the;a C．a;a D．the;/25．Susan,________universitystudentfromEurope,is________honestgirl.A．an;a B．an;/ C．a;an D．the;/26．—WhatdoyouthinkofthemovieTheBattleofChosin（《长津湖》）?—Oh,Ilikeit.Idon’tthinkIwillsee________one.A．thebetter B．abetter C．abest D．thebest27．Tomhas________honestface,andhenever________abadwordaboutanyone.A．the,tells B．a,speaks C．an,says D．an,tells28．—IthinkEnglishis________unimportantsubject.—Idon’tthinkso.Itis________usefultoolwhenwetalkwithforeigners.A．a,an B．an,a C．a,a D．an,an29．Mycousinisonly________8yearoldboy,butIbelievehimbecauseheis________honestchild.A．a,a B．an,a C．a,an D．an,an30．—Annaiswatching________actionmovie.—Yes,________movieisveryexciting.A．a;the B．an;the C．an;a D．the;an31．—ThefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjin(长津湖)is,Ihavetosay,notalittlewonderful.—Yes.It’s________excellentfilmandIneversee________betterone.A．a;an B．an;the C．an;a D．a;the32．Thephotosmademethinkof________triptoHangzhoulastyear.Myfamilyreallyhad________greatfunthere.A．a;a B．a;/ C．the;the D．the;/33．Ithink“TheBattleatLakeChangjin”is________excellentfilm.Itisoneof________mostexcitingfilmsthisyear.A．a,the B．the,a C．the,/ D．an,the34．Thiswillbe________educationalandenjoyabletrip.eandjoinus.A．a B．an C．/ D．the35．—ThefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjin,Imustsay,isreallywonderful.—Yes.It’s_________excellentfilmandIneversee__________greaterone.A．a;the B．an;the C．a;a D．an,a36．—ThefilmTheBattleatChangjinLake(长津湖)is,Ihavetosay,reallywonderful.—Yes,it’s________excellentfilmandIneversee________betterone.A．a;an B．an;the C．an;a D．a;the37．MysisterteachesEnglishat________university.A．a B．an C．/38．Theboystartedtoplay_______chessattheageofsix.A．a B．an C．the D．不填39．—Whataclearblueskyitis!—Yes.Ihaveneverseen___________sky.A．amorebeautiful B．amostbeautiful C．themorebeautiful D．themostbeautiful40．Thissummer,wereallyhad________enjoyablevacationin________countryside.A．a;an B．/;the C．the;/ D．an;the41．It’sraininghard.Bring________umbrellawithyou.A．a B．an C．the D．/42．—Didyousee________movieMulan?—Yes,it’s________excitingactionmovie.A．a,an B．the,the C．the,an43．What_______honestgirlMillieis!That’swhysheis_______mostpopularstudentinherclass.A．an;/ B．an;the C．a;the D．a;/44．Ihave________umbrella,________umbrellaisblackandwhite.A．an;the B．an;an C．a;the D．the;the45．Wehad________discussionaboutTVshowsinclass.A．a B．the C．\ D．any46．—Lookatthetallboyoverthere.He’s________winneroftheschoolsciencepetition.—Oh,hemustbe________creativeboy.A．the;an B．the;a C．a;the D．an;a47．—Whois________bestbasketballplayerinyourschool?—Jimis.Heplays________basketballverywell.A．a；/ B．the；/ C．a；the D．the；the48．Jennyis________honestandclevergirl.Ithinknobodyintheclasshas________higherIQ.A．an;the B．an;a C．the;a D．the;the49．Millieisreallysmart.Infact,Idon’tbelieveanybodyinhergrouphas________IQ.A．ahigher B．thehighest C．thehigher D．ahigh50．Thecityison________RiverThamesandhas________populationofabout7,500,000.A．a;the B．a;an C．the;an D．the;aGrammar2：数词数词英语的数词可分为基数词和序数词两大类。基数词表示的是人或事物的个数，而序数词表示的是这些数目的顺序。一、基数词1.表示数目的词称为基数词，下面是最常用的基数词1one11eleven2two12twelve20twenty3three13thirteen30thirty4four14fourteen40forty5five15fifteen50fifty6six16sixteen60sixty7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten100one(a)hundred百1000one(a)thousand千10000tenthousand万100000one(a)hundredthousand十万1000000one(a)million百万2.在2199之间的非整十位数的基数词要在十位和个位之间加连字符“”23：twentythree3.三位数的基数词要在百位和十位（若无十位则和各位）之间加and。364：threehundredandsixtyfour906:ninehundredandsix1,000以上的数字，从后向前，每三位加一个逗号“，”依次为thousand,million,billion,然后每一小段按百位、十位、各位的顺序依次表示。478，650，542：fourhundredandseventyeightmillion,sixhundredandfiftythousand,fivehundredandfortytwo.5.hundred,thousand,million等词前有具体数词修饰时，要用单数。后面与of短语连用时，则要用复数。且前面不再加具体数目，但可用several等词修饰。fivethousandstudents五千名学生twomillionpeople两百万人undredsofpeople成百上千的人severalthousandsofvisitors上千的旅客6.表达“几个半”用“基数词+and+ahalf+名词”或“基数词+名词+and+ahalf”。Twoandahalfmonths/twomonthsandahalf两个半月7.表示“几十年代”或“几十岁”。inthe1870s(1870's)在19世纪70年代inhertwenties在她二十多岁时8.“基数词+名词”作定语时，两者间要加连字符号，名词用单数形式。athreeweekholiday3周的假期9.门牌号、号码及邮政编码等用基数词。Myphonenumberis3980665.我的号码是3980665。（读作threenineeightzerosixsix/doublesixfive.)10.年、月、日和时间的表达法（1）年份用基数词表达，分两位一读，介词要使用in。例如：1999nineteenninetynine2000twothousand2001twothousandandone（2）月份的第一个字母要大写，有些月份名称有缩写形式,介词要使用in。例如：一月January(Jan.),二月February(Feb.),三月March(Mar.),四月（Apr.）,五月May,六月June,七月July,八月August(Aug.)，九月September(Sep.),十月October(Oct.),十一月November(Nov.),十二月December(Dec.)。（3）日期的表达要用序数词，读时前面要加定冠词the,介词要使用on。例如：在6月1日：onJune1st读作：onJunethefirst.年、月、日同时表达时，一般应先写月、日、后写年。如：在2001年5月4日：onMay4th,2001。（4）时间表达法：时间可用顺读法或倒读法两种方式表达,介词要使用at。例如：5：00five(o’clock)6：18sixeighteen或eighteenpastsix12：15twelvefifteen或fifteen(aquarter)pasttwelve4：30fourthirty或halfpastfour6：45sixfortyfiveaquartertoseven【注意】1.表示整点时间，直接用基数词表达，后边可接o’clock(也可不加)。表达“几点几分”时，绝不能用o’clock。2.表达“15分”或“45分”时，常用quarter（刻）。3.在倒读法中，如果钟点不过半，须用“分钟数+past+钟点数”的形式；如果钟点过半，则用half，则用“差多少分钟数+to+全钟点（下个钟点数）”的形式。【活学活用2】一、单项选择1．________ofthestudents________girlsinourclass.A．Twentypercents;is B．Twentypercents;areC．Twentypercent;is D．Twentypercent;are2．Several________peopleusethiskindofpenallovertheworldeveryday.A．millionsof B．millionof C．million D．millions3．MyclassmateShawnMendesisonlyoneandahalf________tall.A．meter B．meters C．centimeter D．centimeters4．Mysisteris___________thanI.A．threekilosheavier B．threekilosheavy C．heavierthreekilos D．heavythreekilos5．It’s9:45,wecanalsosay________.A．ninefortyfive B．threequarterspastnine C．aquartertoten D．AandC6．Thedoctorworkedfor________after11o’clock.A．anothertwohours B．anothertwohour C．twoanotherhour D．moretwohours7．Hewasborn________.A．in1930s B．inthe1930s C．inthe1930 D．onthe1930s8．________peoplecelebratedtheDanuFestivalonJuly2nd,2016.It’sthebiggesttraditionalfestivalforYaopeople.A．Hundredof B．Hundred C．Hundredsof D．Hundreds9．It’ssaidthatpeoplethrow_______plastic(塑料)bagsalongthisstreeteveryday.A．hundred B．hundreds C．hundredof D．hundredsof10．—Pleasegiveme________ofpaper.Ineedtocopysomething.—OK.Hereyouare.A．othertwentypieces B．twentyanotherpieces C．anothertwentypieces D．moretwentypieces11．—Therobotsonshowyesterdaywerein________shapes.—Wow,itwasfantastic.A．hundred B．hundreds C．hundredof D．hundredsof12．________peoplewenttovisitthePalaceMuseumyesterday.A．Hundred B．Hundreds C．Hundredof D．Hundredsof13．—Therearen’tenoughchairs.Wouldyouplease________oneshere?—OK.A．tobringanotherthree B．bringmorethreeC．totakethreemore D．bringthreemore14．Thedoctorsworkedfor________.Theyweretired.A．anothertwohour B．twoanotherhours C．twomorehours D．moretwohour