英语Unit 1【速记清单】

Unit1Howcanwebecomegoodlearners？Unit1话题学习方法词汇单词过关：1.教科书，课本n._______________2.谈话n._______________________3.大声地，出声地adv.______________4.大声的（地）adj&adv_____________5.大声地，吵闹地adv.______________6.发音n.________________________7.发音v._________________________8.句子n._________________________9.有耐心的adj.,病人n.______________10.表情，表达n.___________________11.表达v.___________________________12.发现v._______________________13.发现n._______________________14.秘密n.，秘密的adj.___________15.语法n._______________________16.重复v._______________________17.笔记，记录n.,注意，指出v.________18.朋友，伙伴n._________________19.物理n._______________________20.化学n._______________________21.记住v._______________________22.记忆n._______________________词汇变形：1.pronounce(v.发音)—(n.发音；读音)2.patient(adj.有耐心的)—(n.耐心)—(adv.耐心地)3.express(v.表达；表示)—(n.表情；表达方式)4.discover(v.发现；发觉)—(n.发现)5.secret(adj.秘密的)—(adv.秘密地)6.physics(n.物理；物理学)—(adj.物理的；身体的)7.chemistry(n.化学)—(adj.化学的)8.memorize(v.记忆；记住)—(n.回忆)9.ability(n.能力)—(adj.有能力的)10.create(v.创造；创建)—(adj.有创造力的)—(n.创造力)11.connect（v.与……有联系）—(n.联系)12.knowledge（n.知识）—(adj.知识渊博的)13.wise（adj.明智的）—(adv.明智地；聪明地)短语1.查阅；抬头看 2.天生具有3.注意；关注4.把……和……连接5.大声朗读6.与……交谈7.造句 8.对某人/某事有耐心9.有耐心做某事10.……的秘诀 11.记笔记12.练习做某事13.向某人寻求帮助 14.作报告15.逐字逐句 16.备考17.口语技能18.英语口语19.起初；开始20.爱上21.写日记22.英语口语23.向……学习24.查明25.写下；记下26.代替；而不是27.犯错误28.思维导图句型（1）---Howdoyoustudyforatest?---Istudybyworkingwithagroup.（2）DoyouhaveconversationswithfriendsinEnglish?（3）Whataboutlisteningtotapes?（4）Haveyoueverstudiedwithagroup?（5）Itreallyimprovesmyspeakingskills.（6）It’stoohardtounderstandspokenEnglish.（7）IhavetofinishreadingabookandgiveareportnextMonday.（8）Don’treadwordbyword.Readwordgroups.（9）Trytoguesstheword’smeaningbyreadingthesentencesbeforeandafterit.（10）Themoreyouread,thefasteryou’llbe.（11）TheteacherspokesoquicklythatIdidnotunderstandhermostofthetime.（12）Iwasafraidtoaskquestionsbecauseofmypoorpronunciation.（13）Ialsolearnedusefulsentenceslike“It’sapieceofcake”or“Itservesyouright”.（14）IwanttolearnnewwordsandmoregrammarsothatIcanhaveabetterunderstandingofEnglishmovies.（15）Everyoneisbornwiththeabilitytolearn.（16）Yourbrainismoreactiveanditisalsoeasierforyoutopayattentiontoitforalongtime.（17）Goodlearnersoftenconnectwhattheyneedtolearnwithsomethingtheyareinterestedin.（18）Butwhetherornotyoucandothiswelldependsonyourlearninghabits.（19）Knowledgecomesfromquestioning.语法介词by+动名词用法写作学习方法考点1.byadv.经过；通过【教材原句】—Howdoyoustudyforatest?你是怎样准备考试的?—Istudybyworkingwithagroup.我通过和小组成员合作学习。【句型剖析】how引导特殊疑问句，常用来提问by引导的方式状语。【用法详解】by作介词，意为“通过”，表示方式或方法。【拓展】bytheway顺便说一下；byaccident偶然；意外地；bychance偶然；意外地；bymistake错误地；由于差错；【经典练】1．—_________didyouachieveyourdream?

—Byworkinghard.A．When B．Why C．How D．What2．Wecanprotecttheenvironment_________puttingthewastetogooduse.A．of B．by C．for D．at【写作佳句】Weshouldsaveelectricitybyturningoffthefans,computersandlightsintimewhenweleavetheclassroom.我们离开教室时要关闭风扇、电脑和灯以节约用电。考点2.ask2.ask(sb.)forhelp向（某人）寻求帮助【用法详解】ask（sb.）forhelp意为“向（某人）寻求帮助”Eg.Neverbeafraidtoaskothersforhelpwhenyouareintrouble.遇到困难时，不要害怕向他人求助。【拓展延伸】ask的用法：【经典练】1．—Whatdidyou_______justnow?—I_______youwhetheryoucouldcatchmeornot.A．tell;said B．speak;talked C．talk;told D．say;asked2．—Oh,today’shomeworkistoodifficult.—Please________theteacherforhelp.A．find B．spell C．ask考点3.aloudadv.大声地；出声地3.Whataboutreadingaloudtopracticepronunciation?大声朗读练习发音怎么样？aloudadv意为“大声地，出声地”；强调出声、大声，让人听见，常与shout,cry,read连用loudadj意为“喧闹的；大声的”，在句中作表语或定语adv意为“喧闹地；大声地”与speak,tall,laugh等连用(多用于比较级)speaklouderloudlyadv与loud同义,含有“吵闹”或“嘈杂”之意，有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思【经典练】1．Couldyouanswermyquestion________?Ican’thearyou.A．quietly B．carefully C．aloud D．hardly【写作佳句】Theteacheraskedhimtoreadthepoemaloudsothateveryonecouldhearhim.老师让他大声朗读这首诗，以便每个人都能听到。考点4.too...to太……而不能【教材原句】It'stoohardtounderstandspokenEnglish.【句型剖析】“too+形容词/副词+to+动词原形”结构，意为“太……而不能……”，该句型用于肯定句，但表示否定的意义。【拓展】同义句：too…to=not…enoughtodosth.=so…that；【经典练】1．Allenwas________anewflat.A．enoughpoortobuy B．poorenoughtobuyC．toopoortobuy D．sopoortobuy2．Thelittlegirlis______cute______everyonelikesher.A．such;that B．too;to C．so;that3．—Shallwehavethemeetinginthemeetingroom?—I’mafraiditis________smalltoholdallthestudentsinGrade8.A．too B．so C．very【写作佳句】It’snevertoooldtolearn.活到老，学到老。考点5.alittle一点【教材原句】Annie,I’malittlenervous.安妮，我有点儿紧张。【句型剖析】alittle可直接修饰不可数名词。【辨析比较】few、little、afew、alittle区别：few和afew修饰可数名词，后接名词复数形式，little和alittle后接不可数名词。含义都是少量的意思。alittle,一点，用于不可数名词之前，修饰不可数名词。little,几乎没有（否定意义），用于不可数名词之前，修饰不可数名词。【经典练】1．Wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow?Thereseemstobeonly________freshairintheclassroom.A．few B．afew C．little D．alittle2．Thereis________milkinthefridge.sowe’llgotothesupermarketandbuysome.A．few B．afew C．little D．alittle【写作佳句】IfeltalittletiredbutIwashappy.我感到有一点累但是我很开心。考点6.sound响；发声;听起来；【教材原句】Thatdoesn'tsoundtoobad.【句型剖析】sound用作连系动词，“听起来”，其后常跟形容词。【拓展】英语中常用的连系动词：一是（be），一感（feel），三保持（keep\remain\stay），二：……起来：有四个连系动词（sound,look,smell,taste），三：好像（seem），变了：有三个连系动词（get,turn,become）。四：provecometruegohungry【经典练】1．—Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?—________.A．Iwantnottotalktothem B．Thankyou C．Soundsgood D．Itdoesn’tmatter2．—IwilltakeatriptoXitangAncientWaterTowninJiaxingnextweek.—That________wonderful!Ihopeyou’llenjoyyourself!A．sounds B．smells C．looks【写作佳句】Thatreallysoundsfantastictome.Ijustcan’twait.那听起来太吸引我了，我等不及了。考点7.the+比较级，the+比较级越……越……【教材原句】Themoreyouread,thefasteryou'llbe.【经典练】1．________youstudy,________yourparentsare.A．Thehardly,thehappily B．Theharder,thehappierC．Harder,happier D．Themorehardly,themorehappily2．The________youstudy,the________gradesyouwillget.A．harder;good B．harder;well C．harder;better D．hard;better【写作佳句】Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越细心，犯错就越少。考点8.find+it+adj.+todosth.【教材原句】WhydidWeiFanfinditdifficulttolearnEnglish?【句型剖析】“find+it+adj.+todosth.”“发现做某事…”【拓展】it作形式宾语的句式：1.主语+think+形式宾语it+形容词/名词+todosth.2.主语+believe+形式宾语it+形容词/名词+todosth.3.主语+make+形式宾语it+形容词/名词+todosth.4.主语+find+形式宾语it+形容词/名词+todosth.5.主语+consider+形式宾语it+形容词/名词+todosth.【经典练】1．—It’ssokind________youtohelpmewiththeproblem.—That’sOK.It’snecessary________ustohelpeachother.A．of;for B．of;of C．for;of2．—Itwasbrave________Miketoswimintheriveralone.—ButIthinkitreallydangerous________himtodoso.A．of;for B．of;of C．for;of D．for;for【写作佳句】Asmanyoftheirparentsleaveforthecitytowork,thosestudentsmightfeellonelyandsomemayevenfindithardtogoonstudying.由于很多父母都去城市工作，这些学生可能会感到孤独，有些人甚至觉得很难继续学习。考点9.afraidadj.害怕的;

担心的;

顾忌的【教材原句】Iwasafraidtoaskquestionsbecausemypronunciationwasverybad.【句型剖析】beafraidtodosth.意为“害怕做某事”【拓展】beafraidofsb/sth.“害怕某人/某物”。Areyouafraidofsnake?你怕蛇吗？Iamafraidthat从句.“担心…”。I'mafraid意为“恐怕”，主要用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。例如：I'mafraidIcan'tstay.恐怕我不能留下。【经典练】1.Thelittlegirlis________togooutaloneatnight.It’stoodark.A．afraid B．excitedC．tired D．angry【写作佳句】Iusedtobeashygirlwhowasafraidofspeakinginfrontofthepeople.我过去是一个害羞的女孩，害怕在人前讲话。考点10.thesecretto【教材原句】Whatisthesecrettolanguagelearning?【句型剖析】thesecretto…“…的秘诀”其中to为介词,表示所属，意为“…的….”。例如：ThatisthesecrettolearningEnglishwell.她的年龄对我们大家来说是个秘密。【拓展】insecret偷偷地,暗地里Hehasleftthecountryinsecret. 他已秘密出国。keepsth.asecretfrom=keepa/thesecretfrom对…保守秘密例如：Icankeepnothingasecretfromyou.我对你没有保密的事。【经典练】1.Samlikeskeepingthesecretsto________,evenhisbestfriendsdon’tknowthem.A．himself B．itself C．themselves D．yourselves考点11.it作形式主语【教材原句】Ittakestime.这得花时间。【句型剖析】Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.意思是“花了某人多长时间去做某事”。在这里，it是形式主语，指代后面的动词不定式，动词不定式才是真正的主语。【拓展】It做形式主语常见类型（1）It+be+名词/形容词+动名词这类名词和形容词常常是：good,nogood,nouse,awasteof,useless,senseless等It’sawasteoftimearguingwithheranymore.（2）It+be+形容词(+forsb.)+todo这类句型常用形容词easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,wise,useful.useless等作表语，有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加forsbIt’snecessaryfortheyoungtomastertwoforeignlanguages.（3）It+be+形容词（+ofsb.）+todo这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，如：kind,nicestupid,clever,foolish,polite,impolite,silly,selfish,considerate等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。It’sverykindofyoutohelpmewiththework.=Youarekindtohelpme.【经典练】1．Tokyoisgetting________crowded________peoplecangetpaidiftheychoosetoleavethecity.A．enough;to B．so;that C．such;that【写作佳句】ItisaChinesetraditionthatwehavekeptforthousandsofyears.这是我们中国流传了几千年的传统。考点12.sothat【教材原句】IwanttolearnnewwordsandmoregrammarsothatIcanhaveabetterunderstandingofEnglishmovies.【句型剖析】sothat引导的是目的状语从句，意思是“为了，目的是”。Tomgetsupearlysothathecancatchthefirstbuseveryday.汤姆每天早起是为了能赶上第一班公共汽车而so…that….“如此……以至于”TheteacherspokesoquicklythatIdidnotunderstandhermostofthetime.老师讲得如此快以至于大部分时间我都听不懂她讲什么。so……that……引导结果状语从句，意思是“如此……以至于……”,其中so是副词，与形容词或副词连用，即“so+形容词或副词+that从句”。【辨析比较】1、so....that，意为“如此……以至于……＂，so用来修饰形容词或副词。2、such……that，意为“如此……以至于……”，such用来修饰名词。3、sothat，意为“为的是，以便于”，用来引导目的状语从句。例如：Shewassoangrythatshecouldn'tspeak.（她太生气了，以至于说不出来话了。）Itwassuchaboringspeechthatifeelasleep.（那是一个如此无聊的演讲，以至于我都睡着了。）Ireadmorebookssothaticancatchupwithmyclassmates.（我读更多的书，以便能赶上我的同学。）【经典练】1．Expertssayjuniorschoolstudentsshouldhave9hours’sleepingtime_________theycanhaveenoughenergy(精力)tohaveclassesthenextday.A．sothat B．until C．although【写作佳句】wecanwatchmoreEnglishmovies,sothatwecanunderstandthewesternculture.我们可以多看英文电影，以便于我们能理解西方文化。考点13.beinterestedin【教材原句】Studiesshowthatifyouareinterestedinsomething,yourbrainismoreactive……研究表明，如果你对某种东西感兴趣，你的大脑会更加活跃……【句型剖析】be/get/becomeinterestedinsth.意思是“对……感兴趣”,它与take/have/showaninterestinsth.同义。【辨析】bored、interested、boring、interestingbored和interested是人作主语，表现为主动；boring和interesting是物作主语，不表现出主动。比如：Iaminterestedinrunning我酷爱跑步thedogisinteresting这只狗很有趣【经典练】1．—NeitherRachelnorI________interestedingameshows.Webothliketalkshows.—Me,too.A．be B．am C．is D．are2．Mysisterbecameinterested________singingandshewantedtobeasinger.A．for B．on C．at D．in【写作佳句】I'mgladtohearthatyouareinterestedinourenvironmentprotectionactivities.很高兴听说你对环境保护活动感兴趣。考点14.aswell也【教材原句】MypronunciationimprovedaswellbylisteningtotheconversationsinEnglishmovies.【句型剖析】aswell也；又（通常放句尾）IsingmyownsongsandIplaytheguitaraswell我唱自己谱曲的歌，也弹吉他。【辨析】also,too,aswell,either这些词均含“也”之意。also比too正式一些，语气较重，只用于肯定句，一般紧靠动词。too语气较轻，多用于口语，在肯定句中使用，通常位于句末。之前加逗号。aswell一般不用否定句，通常放在句末，强调时可放在句中。either用于否定句，放在句末，之前加逗号。【经典练】1．—I’mplanningtoclimbMountHuangthissummer.Wouldyouliketocomealong?—Wow!Thatwouldbeexciting________challenging.Countmein!A．asgoodas B．aswellas C．aslongas D．asfaras2．—Ican’tplaybasketballbecauseIhavemuchhomeworktodo.—Oh.LiJiancan’t,________.A．also B．too C．either D．aswell考点15.discoverv.发现【教材原句】Idiscoveredthatlisteningtosomethingyouareinterestedinisthesecrettolanguagelearning.【句型剖析】discover是指“发现”原来就有而一直没被发现的东西(如电、煤、石油等矿藏及新星、星系或科学真理等)而invent指通过劳动运用聪明才智“发明；创造”出以前从未存在过的新事物。Edisoninventedthelightbulb.爱迪生发明了电灯泡。【辨析】lookfor,discover,find,findout,invent这组词（组）都有“发明”“发现”的意思，（1）lookfor作“寻找”解时，指寻找的动作和过程。（2）discover指发现或偶然发现原来就存在但一直未被认识的东西。（3）find指寻找的结果，即“找到”，是非延续性动词，不如discover正式。（4）findout指经过观察、调查把某事、某物查出来，搞清楚，弄明白，多用于复杂而不易直接查出的情况。（5）invent指发明原来不存在的东西，有时也可指虚构、捏造。【经典练】1．—Canyou________yournewEnglishteacher?—Sure.Sheistallandthin,andshelooksbeautifulwhenshesmiles.A．discover B．remember C．describe2．—IknowEdison________lightbulbs(电灯泡),butIdon’tknowwho________America.—IknowitwasColumbus.A．discovered;discovered B．invented;inventedC．invented;discovered D．discovered;invented考点16.born出生【教材原句】1.Everyoneisbornwiththeabilitytolearn.Butwhetherornotyoucandothiswelldependsonyourlearninghabits.【句型剖析】beborn意为“天生，出生”为被动语态，be动词通常用was或were，born为bear的过去式。Iwasborninasmallvillage.我出生在一个小山村。【经典练】1．Peterwas________/bɔːn/withtheabilitytosing.A．boil B．boss C．born D．bell2．Tom________onMay2ndandtodayishisseventhbirthday.A．isborn B．wasborn C．willbeborn【写作佳句】Nomanisbornwiseorlearned.人非生而知之。考点17.abilityn.能力【教材原句】1.Everyoneisbornwiththeabilitytolearn.Butwhetherornotyoucandothiswelldependsonyourlearninghabits.【句型剖析】ability在此处为不可数名词，意为“能力”常构成短语havetheabilitytodosth.(有能力做某事)，而不用“havetheabilityofdoingsth”结构。Manhastheabilitytospeak.人类有说话的能力。【辨析】ability，capacity，capability，genius这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。区别：1、ability普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。2、capacity侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。3、capability多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与of或for连用。4、genius语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。【经典练】1．—WhatcanIdotoimprovemy________ofEnglishwriting?—YoucanreadsomefamousEnglishnovels.A．pronunciation B．mistake C．ability D．secret2．Bemoreactiveinclasssothatyoucanimproveyour_______toexpressyourselves.A．interest B．energy C．ability D．hobby【写作佳句】Abilitywillnevercatchupwiththedemandforit.能力永远赶不上对它的需求。考点18.whether是否【教材原句】1.Everyoneisbornwiththeabilitytolearn.Butwhetherornotyoucandothiswelldependsonyourlearninghabits.【句型剖析】whetherornot意为“是否”,whether引导主语从句，不能与if替换。whethershewillcomeornotisstillaproblem.她是否会来还是个问题。【辨析】if和whether辨析1、if和whether在宾语从句中，都表“是否”，可换用，if更口语化，whether正式些。当有ornot时，一般用whether，而不用if。2、if可引起条件状语从句，whether不用于状语从句。3、whether可引起主语从句，表语从句，if不能用于这两种情况。4、if在名词性从句中只能引导动词后的宾语，whether可通用。【经典练】1．Theteacherwonders________thequestionistoohardbecausenostudentanswers.A．why B．whether C．what D．how2．Beforeyouasksomeoneforhelp,findout_________heistherightpersonforyourproblem.A．since B．who C．whether D．unless【写作佳句】Whetheritishotorcold,weneverstopplayingit.无论天气热还是冷，我们从来不停止。考点19.dependon依靠、信赖【教材原句】1.Everyoneisbornwiththeabilitytolearn.Butwhetherornotyoucandothiswelldependsonyourlearninghabits.【句型剖析】dependon意为“视……而定，取决于；依靠；依赖”。后接名词，代词或动名词。既不能用于进行时态也不能用于被动语态。Wedependonthenewspaperfordailynews.我们得靠报纸得知每天的消息。【辨析】dependon、relyon、reston1、dependon：用于客观事物：Someofthemdependonwhatyourprogramdoes.其中一些取决于您的程序要做什么。2、relyon：relyon用于虚指事物：Therefore,wearenottorelyonfeelings,buttohavefaithinthefacts.因此，我们不能依靠我们的感觉，而是要将信心建立在事实上。3、reston：用于行为：Youshouldhavearestonweekends.你应该在周末休息一下的。【经典练】1．AngelThomaswantsto________herselftomakeherowndreamcometrue.A．lookfor B．enjoy C．lookafter D．dependon2．Wecandepend________computerstocalculatetheresult.A．in B．on C．of D．at考点20.activeadj,“活跃的，积极的”【教材原句】Studiesshowthatifyouareinterestedinsomething,yourbrainismoreactiveanditisalsoeasierforyoutopayattentiontoitforalongtime.【句型剖析】activeadj,“活跃的，积极的”，可作表语或定语。常用短语：takeanactivepartin，意为“积极参加”Althoughheisover80,heisstillveryactive.他虽然年过八十，但是仍很活跃。【经典练】1．Ifweareinterestedinsomething,ourbrainisalot________anditisalsoeasierforustopayattentiontoitforalongtime.A．active B．actively C．moreactive D．themostactive2．Youradviceisveryvaluabletome.I’msureour______willbemoremeaningful.A．actively B．active C．activity【写作佳句】Imadeupmymindtobeactiveandoutgoing.我决定变得积极和外向。考点21.payattentionto注意，关注【教材原句】Studiesshowthatifyouareinterestedinsomething,yourbrainismoreactiveanditisalsoeasierforyoutopayattentiontoitforalongtime.【句型剖析】payattentionto意为“注意，关注”，其中to为介词，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。You’dbetterpayattentiontothiswordintheEnglishexamlasttime.你最好注意一下上次英语考试中的这个单词。【经典练】1．—Whatelseshouldwepayattentionto_________buildingthebridge?—Thechangesoftheweather,Ithink.A．tofinish B．finished C．finish D．finishing2．—MyEnglishispoor.Iwanttoimproveit.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?—Sure.Youmust________yourteachercarefullyinclass.A.payattentiontolisteningto B．payattentiontolistento C．payattentiontolistening D．payattentiontolisten【写作佳句】Weshouldpayattentiontothereasonabledietandhealthcare.我们应该注意饮食和健康。考点22.connect…with…把……和……联系起来【教材原句】Goodlearnersoftenconnectwhattheyneedtolearnwithsomethingtheyareinterestedin.【句型剖析】connect…with…意为“把……和……联系起来”其中connect意为“（使）连接；与……有联系”，其名词形式为connection，意为“连接；关系”。Pleasedon’tconnectthispersonwiththatperson.请不要把这个人和那个人联系在一起。【经典练】1．Anewunderground________JiangyinwithWuxihasbeeninuseforseveralmonths.A．comparing B．charging C．connecting D．covering2．Please________thecomputertotheprinter.A．connect B．write C．print D．open考点23.forget忘记【教材原句】Evenifyoulearnsomethingwell,youwillforgetitunlessyouuseit.【句型剖析】forget后直接跟名词、代词、动词不定式或动词-ing形式，但两者意义完全不同。forgettodosth.和forgetdoingsth.forgettodosth.忘记去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事Iforgetturningoffthelight.我忘记已经关灯了。【经典练】1．—Pleasegivethebookbacktome.—Oh,Iamsorry.I________tobringithere.I________itathome.A．forget;forget B．forgot;left C．forgot;forget D．willforget;leave2．—I’msorryI_______myhomeworkathome.—That’sallright.Don’tforget_______ittoschoolthisafternoon.A．forget,toget B．forget,bringing C．left,talking D．left,tobring【写作佳句】Let'sforgetaboutthepastandbecomegoodfriendsagain.让我们忘掉过去，重新成为朋友吧。考点24.unlessconj.除非；如果不【教材原句】Evenifyoulearnsomethingwell,youwillforgetitunlessyouuseit.【句型剖析】unlessconj.除非；如果不，作连词，用来引导状语从句，常可以转化为“if...not...”的同义句。若主句为一般将来时，unless引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来。Ishallgotothesupermarketunlessitrains.=Ishallgotothesupermarketifitdoesn’train.【经典练】1．Wecan’tbesuccessful________wekeepworkinghard.A．if B．unless C．because D．when2．Sophia’sdreamwon’tcometrue________shekeepstryingherbest.A．unless B．whether C．when D．because一、语法精讲——by的用法思维导图“by+动词ing形式”表方式、方法语法概述“by+动词ing形式”意为“通过做某事”，常常表示方式或方法，可以用来回答how引导的特殊疑问句。二、【方式介词】by、in、on与with辨析方式介词用法例句byby+doing“以……方式”IimprovemyEnglishbyreadingalot.in后常跟语言、材料、颜色、声音等名词TheboylikeswritinginEnglish.on后跟表通讯工具的名词，如手机、网络、广播、电视等WecanwatchallkindsofshowsonTV.with后面跟具体工具或身体部位名词Weseewithoureyesandhearwithourears.三、介词by的其他常见用法：1.by+地点，意为“靠近；在……旁边”Eg.Tomsitsbythewindowintheclassroom.汤姆坐在教室里的窗边。by+时间，意为“在……之前”Eg.Momtoldhimtocomebackhomeby10:00.妈妈告诉他十点之前回到家。by+交通工具，意为“乘……”bybus/car/bike/train用于被动语态中，后面跟动作的执行者by介词，表示连续或反复,意为“(一个)接着(一个);”(一个)又(一个).onebyone一个接一个littlebylittle一点一点yearbyyear年复一年stepbystep一步一步二、写作精讲——个人介绍本单元的话题围绕学习英语的方法展开，中间涉及学习中遇到的具体困难，也描述了一个学生学习英语的亲身经历，谈论如何成为一名好的学习者。有关“学习能力”的话题写作主要包括介绍学习方法（如语言学习）和拓宽学习渠道（如：食谱和DIY制作等）两方面，引导学生主动学习.培养良好的学习习惯，全面提升学生的综合素质。一般以说明又或应用文的形式展现。体裁：应用文(书信)；信的主体部分为说明文时态：以一般现在时为主人称：回信主体内容是给别人提出建议，所以应该以第二人称you为主。佳句荟萃1.描述学习中存在的问题或困惑的常用句型Ihaveaproblem.Ican’trememberthenewwords.Ican’tpronouncesomeofthewords.Ican’tunderstandspokenEnglish.Ialwaysmakemistakesingrammar.Ireadveryslowly.Idon’tknowhowtospeakEnglishwell.2.提出学习上合理的建议的常用句型YoushouldreadEnglishaloud.Listeningcanhelpyou.Whydon’tyoujoinanEnglishlanguageclubtopracticespeaking.Wouldyoumindrememberingnewwordsbyflashcards?PleasetrytotalkwithyourfriendsinEnglishasmuchaspossible.Youcan/could...bydoing.../You’dbetterdosth.Doingsth.isagoodwayto.../It'sagoodidea/wayto...3.写作指导思路点拨体裁:应用文人称:第二人称时态:一般现在时和一般将来时写作三步法（一点二提三收）第1步开篇点题IknowyouwanttoimproveyourEnglishandyouneedsomehelp.TherearethreegoodwaystolearnEnglish.第2步介绍方法Ithinkyoushould...ifyoudothis,yourbrainwill...Itisalsoagoodideato...because...YoucouldtrytoimproveyourEnglishby...Thiswillhelpyou...第3步总结收尾Ihopeallthesewillbehelpfultoyou.1.I’dliketogiveyousomeadviceonlearningEnglish.我想给你一些学习英语的建议。2.It’sdifficulttolearnaforeignlanguagewell.学好一门外语很难。3.It’shardformetowritetheword.对我来说写这个词很难。4.YoucanlearnEnglishbywatchingEnglishvideos.你可以通过看英语视频来学习英语。5.YoushouldtalkinEnglishasmuchaspossible.你应该尽可能多地用英语交谈。6.Whynotlookupthesewordsinthedictionary?为什么不查字典？7.ItisagoodideatolistentosomeEnglishsongs.听一些英文歌曲是个好主意。8.Manystudentsaskforadviceonhowtoimprovetheirlistening.许多学生寻求关于如何提高听力的建议。9.Don'tbeafraidofmakingmistakes.不要害怕犯错误。10.Trytoguessaword’smeaningbyreadingthesentencesbeforeandafterit.通过阅读单词前后的句子来猜测单词的意思。11.Whynotwritedownthemistakesinournotebooks?为什么不把错误写在笔记本上？12.Howaboutlisteningtotheradio?听收音机怎么样？13.It’sagoodideatospellandpronouncenewwordsaloudeveryday.每天大声拼写和发音生词是个好主意。14.IamshyandIamafraidtospeaktoher.我很害羞，不敢和她说话。列提纲写句子看英语电影、听英语歌曲(1)Watching/SeeingEnglishfilms/moviesandlisteningtoEnglishsongsaregood/greatwaystolearn/studyEnglish或Towatch/ToseeEnglishfilms/moviesandtolistentoEnglishsongsaregood/greatwaystolearn/studyEnglish(看英语电影和听英语歌曲是学习英语的好方法).(2)Watch/Seeandlistenseveraltimes,andguessthemeaningofthenewwords_(多看、多听几次，然后猜测生词的意思).学好英语的建议与外教交谈(3)Having/Tohaveaconversationwithaforeignteacherisalsoagood/greatway或Speaking/TospeakEnglishwithaforeignteacherisalsoagood/greatway

(与外教交谈也是一个好方法).

(4)Youshouldstart/beginitwithgreetingsoraquestion(你应该以问候或问题开始).

Also,

smile

before

you

speak

and

do

not

feel

shy.把单词写在纸条上(5)Writefourorfivewordsadayonpiecesofpaper(每天在纸上写四到五个单词)andplacethemonthewall.Readthewordswhenyouseethem,andtrytousetheminsentences.DearWangWei,Ireceivedyoure-mailyesterday.Inthee-mail,youaskedmehowtoimproveyourEnglish.NowI'dliketogiveyousomeadvice.First,watchingEnglishfilmsandlisteningtoEnglishsongsaregreatwaystolearnEnglish.Watchandlistenseveraltimes,andguessthemeaningofthenewwords.Second,havingaconversationwithaforeignteacherisalsoagoodway.Youshouldstartitwithgreetingsoraquestion.Also,smilebeforeyouspeakanddonotfeelshy.Last,writefourorfivewordsadayonpiecesofpaperandplacethemonthewall.Readthewordswhenyouseethem,andtrytousetheminsentences.Thesearemysuggestions.Ihopetheyareusefultoyou.Yours,ZhangHua【短语小结】1.Workwithagroup同小组一起学习2.askingsbforhelp向某人求助3.takingnotes,记笔记4.haveconversationswithsb同某人谈话5.too...to..太...而不能...---so…that…/enoughtodosth的转换6.giveareport作报告7.atfirst起初8.wordbyword逐词逐句地9.thesecrettolanguagelearning学习语言的秘诀10.beafraidtodosth害怕做某事=beafraidthat+宾语从句beafraidofsth/doingsth害怕…11.fallinlovewith爱上...12.bodylanguage肢体语言13.apieceofcake小菜一碟；很容易的事14.Itservesyouright.活该，自作自受15.lookup查阅；查找（主考点）16.sothat以便；为了17.spokenEnglish英语口语18.makemistakesindoingsth在...方面犯错19.dependon视...而定；取决于；依靠20.payattentionto注意；关注21.connect...with...把...和...连接或联系起来22.evenif即使23.bebornwith天生具有24.Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧【重点句子必背】1.TheteacherspokesoquicklythatIdidnotunderstandhermostofthetime.老师讲的如此快以致大部分时间我都理解不了她讲的。（so…that…引导的结果状语从句）2.AlthoughIcouldnotunderstandeverythingthecharacterssaid,theirbodylanguageandtheexpressionsontheirfaceshelpedmetogetthemeaning.虽然我不能领会影片中人物所说的一切，但是他们的肢体语言和脸上的表情有助于我理解含义。（although引导的让步状语从句，不能和but连用）3.IwanttolearnnewwordsandmoregrammarsothatIcanhaveabetterunderstandingofEnglishmovies.为了对英语电影有更好的了解，我想学新单词和更多的语法。（sothat引导的目的状语从句---inordertodo转换同义句）4.Studiesshowthatifyouareinterestedinsomething,yourbrainismoreactiveanditisalsoeasierforyoutopayattentiontoitforalongtime.研究表明如果你对某事物感兴趣，你的大脑就更活跃，也更容易长久地专注于此。（Itis+形容词+forsbtodosth.）5.IftheyneedtolearnEnglishandtheylikemusicorsports,theycanlistentoEnglishsongsorwatchsportsprogramsinEnglish.如果他们需要学习英语，而且他们喜欢音乐或者运动，他们就可以听英语歌曲，或者看英语的体育节目。（if引导的条件状语从句，主情从现）6.Evenifyoulearnsomethingwell,youwillforgetitunlessyouuseit.即使你很好地学到了某些知识，你也会忘记它，除非你使用它。（evenif引导的让步状语从句；unless引导的主将从现）7.Learningisalifelongjourneybecauseeverydaybringssomethingnew.学习是一个终生的过程，因为每天都会出现新事物。（because引导的原因状语从句）8.Iwasafraidtoaskquestionsbecauseofmypoorpronunciation.由于语音不好的缘故，我害怕提问。9.Ifellinlovewiththisexcitingandfunnymovie.我一下子就喜欢上了这部既令人激动又有趣的电影。（fall—fell---fallen）10.IalsorealizedIcouldgetthemeaningbylisteningforjustthekeywords.我以为意识到可以通过只听关键词来理解含义。realized+宾语从句（by+动名词，划线提问用----How）11.Idiscoveredthatlisteningtosomethinginterestingisthesecrettolanguagelearning.我发现听感兴趣的东西是学习语言的秘诀。（动名词短语listeningto…作主语谓语要用单数is）12