Unit 1 Know yourself 知识清单（七大知识题型）总梳理九年级英语上册重难点讲练全攻略（牛津译林版）

Unit1Knowyourself知识清单（七大知识题型）总梳理·模块一课本词汇清单·模块二词汇详解清单·模块三重点短语清单·模块四核心知识清单·模块五重点语法清单·模块六书面表达清单·模块七当堂限时检测模块模块一课本词汇清单1吃光.eatup2创造力的;创造性的 adj.creative3好奇的 adj.curious4精力充沛的 adj.energetic5谦虚的 adj.modest6有条理的;有效率的 adj.organized7顺序 n.order8使……保持井然有序 .keep…inorder9炫耀 .showoff10语法 n.grammar11想出(主意) .comeupwith12(否定句)两者之一不 conj.neither13也不conj.nor14既不……也不…….neither…nor…15会计 n.accountant16天生的 adj.born17给…留下印象 vt.impress18雕塑，雕像 n.sculpture19赞扬，表扬 n.praise20销售部 .salesdepartment21总的，普遍的 adj.general22竞赛，赛跑 n.race23不是…就是…,或…或… .either…or…24领导，引导 vt.lead25处于领先地位 .takethelead26落后 .fallbehind27挑战 n.challenge28主要的，首要的 adj.chief29高速的 adj.high-spend30连接 vt.connect31与……相连，连接.connectto/with32错误，过失 n.miss33和…几乎一样，实际上等于.asgoodas34注意，专心 n.attention35注意 .payattentionto36标准 n.standard37先锋，开拓者 n.pioneer38外科大夫 n.surgeon39粗心 n.carelessness40额外的;附加的 adj.extra41把…贡献,把…专用于 vt.devote42尊敬，尊重 vt.respect43合适的;适宜的 adj.suitable44搭档，合作伙伴 n.partner45不耐烦的，急躁的 adj.impatient46三思而行.thinktwice(aboutsth)47洗碗.dothedishes48月球的 adj.lunar49日历，挂历 n.calendar50生肖 n.animalsign51代表;象征 vt.represent52出现 vi.appear53固定的 adj.fixed54循环 n.cycle55有力的;强大的 adj.powerful56活泼的;生气勃勃的 adj.lively57实际的 adj.practical58忠诚的 adj.loyal59总共，总计 inall60星座 n.starsign61分开，分 vi.&vt.divide62把……分成…… .divide…into…63使成形，塑造 vt.shape64演说,讲话,发言;台词 n.speech65缺席的 adj.absent66班长 n.monitor67职位;位置;名次 n.position68同意某人（的看法） agreewithsb模块模块二词汇详解清单1.eatup吃光、吃完eg:Youneedtoeatupthevegetablesinyourplate.【常见短语】putup挂起、张贴、搭建；cleanup清理；takeup占据；makeup编造、化妆；giveup放弃2.词性转化动词create创造形容词creative有创造性的名词energy能源、能量形容词energetic精力充沛的动词organize/organise组织形容词organized/organised有条理的形容词careless粗心的名词carelessness粗心形容词curious好奇的名词curiosity好奇心形容词patient有耐心的反义词impatient不耐烦的、急躁的名词power权力形容词powerful有力的、强大的动词practice练习形容词practical实际的动词speak发言名词speech演讲、发言形容词absent缺席的名词absence缺席动词appear出现反义词disappear消失动词agree同意反义词disagree不同意3.keep…inorder保持…井然有序eg:Thebridgeissometimescrowdedwithmanyvisitors,sopolicemenaretheretokeepthingsinorder.put…inorder把…整理得井井有条4.showoff炫耀eg:Insteadoftryingtoshowoff,theyshouldbethemselves.【常见短语】putoff推迟、延迟；takeoff（飞机）起飞、脱掉；turnoff关闭5.comeupwith想出（主意）eg:HecameupwiththenamePages.【注】comeout出来、出版、开花；cometrue实现；comeacross（偶然）遇见；comeon快点、加油6.fallbehind落后eg:Forthefirsttimeinhislife,Milliefellbehindinhisstudies.【注】fallbehind是短暂性动词短语，延续性动词短语是bebehind同理fallasleepbeasleep；fallillbeilleg:—Whendidhefallill?—Hehasbeenillinhospitalsincelastweekend.7.takethelead处于领先地位eg:Youeithertaketheleadorfallbehind.【注】lead也可做动词“领导”，lead-led-led【常见短语】leadto导致eg:Bothanswerscanleadtointerestingdiscussions.8.asgoodas和…几乎一样，简直是eg:Tous,amissisasgoodasamile.9.inall总共eg:Mothergavebirthtothreechildreninall.【常见短语】inaword总而言之；infact事实上；intime及时；incommon共同；indanger处于危险中；inpublic当众、公开；insurprise吃惊地；inorderto为了10.agreewithsb同意某人（的看法）eg:Wedon’thavetoagreewithothers.【注】Ican’t/couldn’tagreemore.表示非常赞同。agreetodo同意做某事eg:—WeshouldplanourtriptoBeijinginadvance.—Ican’tagreemore.MyroommateagreedtolookaftermydogMilowhenIwasaway.11.curiousadj.好奇的eg:Only86,400secondsinadaysobecurious,explore,havefun.【常见短语】becuriousabout对…好奇eg:Mylittlesisterarecuriousabouteverythingshesees.12.bornadj.天生的eg:Sheissimplyabornartist.【注】birthn.出生atbirtheg:Thebabypandaweighsonly140gramsatbirth.模块三重点短语清单模块三重点短语清单2.整日alldaylong3.炫耀showoff4.一个天生的艺术家abornartist5.既不……也不……neither…nor…6.放弃giveup7.获得……的高度评价winhighpraisefrom…8.和数字打交道workwithnumbers9.不是….就是….either…or…10.日复一日，一天又一天dayafterday11.落后fallbehind12.处于领先地位takethelead13.与…..相连,连接connectto/with14.迎接新的挑战takeonnewchallenge15.注意payattentionto16.和……几乎一样asgoodas…17.加班workextrahours18.工作高标准要求worktohighstandards19.适合于besuitablefor….20.把…奉献于….devote…to…21.洗碗dothedishes22.三思而行thinktwice(aboutsth)23.把…分成…divide..into…24.接受他人的建议acceptothers’advice25.总计inall26.做一名优秀教师makeanexcellentteacher27.使某人自己更有条理getoneselfmoreorganized28.以固定的顺序inafixedorder29.缺课beabsentfromschool’30.取决于dependon…31.使…保持井然有序keep..ingoodorder32.认为某事是对的believein33.想出comeupwith34.发表演讲makeaspeech35.易怒getangryeasily36.同意某人的看法agreewithsb模块模块四核心知识清单1.(P7)NeithermyparentsnorIthinkIcanmakeagoodaccountant.我父母和我都不认为我能成为一名好会计。neither（否定词）两者任一不eg:Neitherofthemisgoingtotakepartinthethe100-meterrace.nor也不（否定词）eg:—Lilyhasn’tfinishedherhomeworkyet.—Norhashertwinsister.neither…nor…既不…也不…；作主语，就近原则eg:NeithermyfriendsandIamcrazyaboutDIY.2.(P8)WuWei,theyoungartist,hasimpressedthewholecountrywithhiscreativework.吴伟，这位年轻的艺术家，以其创造性的作品打动了全国。impresssbwithsth以/因…给某人留下印象eg:Thescientistwillcontinuetoimpressuswithyourachievementsintheyearstocome.beimpressedwith对…留下深刻印象eg:I’mimpressedwithherChinesepaintings.leaveanimpressiononsb给某人留下印象eg:Hisgreatperformanceleftadeepimpressiononus.3.(P8)HissculpturesforSunshineTownSquarehavewonhighpraisefromtheartcommunity.他为阳光城广场设计的雕塑赢得了艺术界的高度赞誉。winhighpraise赢得高度赞扬eg:Thenovelhaswonhighpraisefromreaders.praisesbforsth因某事赞扬某人eg:Theteacherpraisedhimforfullmarks.4.(P9)Asadoctor,youcan’tbetoocareful.作为一名医生，再小心也不为过。cannot...too...越…越好，再…也不为过eg:Asastudent,youcanneverworktoohard.5.(P9)Allofusknowthatit’snecessarytopayattentiontoeverydetail.我们都知道注意每一个细节是必要的。payattentionto重视、注意eg:Imustpayattentiontothetrafficlightswhencrossingtheroads.被动结构1：Much/No/Moreattentionbepaidto…（此时不出现pay的主语sb）eg:Moreattentionshouldbepaidtotheeducationofchildreninpoorareas.应该更重视…被动结构2：bepaidattentionto被重视（此时不出现pay的主语sb）eg:Theproblemofwaterpollutionhasbeenpaidattentionto.6.(P9)Shehasdevotedmostofhertimetoherwork.她把大部分时间都用在了工作上。devote…to…把…贡献于，把…专注于eg:Dennyhasdevotedhimselftohelpingthepoor.7.(P15)Somepeoplebelievethatpeoplebornunderthesameanimalsighmayhavesimilarpersonalities.有些人认为，出生在同一动物叹息下的人可能具有相似的性格。that引导宾语从句从句本身是陈述句，用于宾语从句用that连接，不译，可省略。eg:Sheisoneofthegreatestreporters.Allofusthink(that)sheisoneofthegreatestreporters.similar相似的，besimilarto…与…相似eg:Itissurprisingthatmydesignissimilartotheirs.8.(P16)Itisyouwhoshapeyourlifeandyourfuture.是你塑造了自己的生活和未来。强调句：Itis+强调部分+who/that+其他…eg:Itwasthemedicinethatmadehimfeelbettersoon.强调themedicine，去掉Itwas…that，句子还成立。ItisTomwhohashelpedusgothroughthehardtime.强调Tom，去掉Itis…that，句子还成立。9.(P16)InWesterncountries,ayearisdividedintoacycleof12starsigns.在西方国家，一年被分为12个星座的周期。divide…into…把…分成；bedividedinto被分成，把整体分成部分eg:Researchersdividedworkersintothreegroups.TheCaribbeanislandsaredividedintotwoworlds,arichone,andapoorone.separate分离；separate…from…把…和…分离；把原本一起的个体分开eg:Don’tseparatethetwinsfromeachother.10.(P16)ItissaidthatpeoplebornintheYearoftheTigerarebrave.据说在虎年出生的人都很勇敢。Itissaid+(that)从句“据说”，it是形式主语，直到that从句。同理itisreported(that)+从句“据报道”；itisbelieved(that)+从句“人们认为”eg:Itissaidthatsmilingspreadstootherpeople.Itisreportedthatnopeoplewerekilledintheaccident.模块模块五重点语法清单一．and/but/or/so1.and：和；而且；又；然后表示并列、顺承和递进关系，连接词性相同的单词、短语或句子。Asforgrammar,EnglishandChinesehavesomethingincommon.相对于语法来说，英语和汉语有很多相似之处。用于“祈使句and+will...陈述句”结构，并列连词and之后的陈述句表示一个较好的结果，祈使句表示一个条件，可与if引导的条件句互相转换。Hurryupandyouwillcatchtheearlybus.=Ifyouhurryup,youwillcatchtheearlybus.but用法：(1)but用法连词，表示让步关系，意思是“除非，要不是”，常与that一起构成butthat,相当于"if...not"。例如：Iwouldhavefailedbutthatyourhelpedme.要不是你们帮助我，我就会失败(2)but用于否定词加doubt,question,deny等到之后，没有实在意义，只相当于关系连词that.例如：There'snodoubtbutheisathief.毫无疑问，他是一个贼。(3)but用作介词，表示“除了”意义，相当于besides,except.例如：Nooneknowshimbutshe.除了她，没有人认识她。so：所以用法so表示因果关系，意为“所以，因此，于是”。类似的词：therefore。Mymotheraskedmetogohome,soIleftschoolearly.妈妈让我回家，因此我早早地就离开了学校。so与because不可以同时用在一个句子里。Marywasill,soshedidn’tgotoschooltoday.=BecauseMarywasill,shedidn’tgotoschooltoday.二.both…and…/notonly…but(also)…/either…or…/neither…nor…1.notonly...but(also)...【精讲】notonly...but(also)...在句中常用来连接两个对等的成分，also可以省略。如：ShespeaksRussiannotonlyinclassbut(also)athome.她在课堂上和家里都说俄语。【拓展】notonly...but(also)...用来连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单、复数遵循“就近原则”，即和but(also)后的名词或代词的数一致。如：Notonlyyoubutalsoheistiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.不但你，而且他也讨厌一次接一次的考试。notonly...but(also)...连接两个分句，当notonly位于句首，前一个分句常用倒装来表示强调，而but(also)后的分句仍用陈述语序。如：NotonlydoesMissLilikemusic,but(also)shelikessports.李小姐不但喜欢音乐，而且还喜欢体育。【注意】使用中注意两点：1.就近。指谓语形式取决于离它近的主语。NotonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherreadsEnglisheveryday.2、一致。notonly与butalso后面所接的词类要一致。Shecannotonlysingbutalsodance.2.both……..and……..【精讲】both...and...：和两者都；既又连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，否定结构为neither...nor…BothhermotherandshecanspeakEnglishverywell.她的妈妈和她，英语讲得都很好。3.either………or……….或者……….或者……….【精讲】either...or...：不是就是；要么要么，连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数须与or后面的主语保持一致(就近原则)。Weonlyneedoneperson.EitherMaryorTomisok.我们只需要一个人，要么是Mary，要么是Tom都可以。4.neither………nor………既不………也不………..【精讲】neither...nor...：既不也不连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数须与nor后面的主语保持一致(就近原则)。NeitherMumnorDadisathometoday.妈妈和爸爸今天都不在家。模块模块六书面表达清单话题分析本单元的话题是“Knowyourself”,从一个人的性格可以看出他的素养和能力。与此话题相关的写作常常是写推荐信,下面我们就来学习如何写推荐信吧!常用表达1.Wearewritingtorecommend…as/for…2.He/Shehasmanystrongqualitiesfor/todo…3.He/Shealways/often/never…4.Wethinkhe/sheisthemostsuitable/rightpersontobe…典型例题学生会要表彰一批优秀学生,Tom想推荐他的同学John竞争“最乐于助人奖”(theMostHelpfulStudentAward)。请你以Tom的名义,用英语给学生会主席写一封80~100词的推荐信。推荐信中必须包括下列要点:1.他有礼貌,勤奋,谦虚,乐于助人,常常帮助同学学习;2.他经常为希望工程募集物品;3.他擅长电脑,经常为帮扶俱乐部(theHelpingHandsClub)从网上查找资料;4.他从不介意做额外的工作,经常指导新同学如何使用图书馆,大家都很感激他。DearPresidentofStudents’Union,Iwouldlike

Yoursfaithfully,Tom写法指导遣词造句1.我想推荐John获得“最乐于助人奖”。(recommend…for…)2.他经常为帮扶俱乐部从网上查找资料。(searchforinformation)遣词造句1.IwouldliketorecommendJohnfortheMostHelpfulStudentAward.2.HeoftensearchesforinformationontheInternetfortheHelpingHandsClub.连句成篇DearPresidentofStudents’Union,IwouldliketorecommendJohnfortheMostHelpfulStudentAward.Johnismyclassmate.Hehasmanygoodqualities.Heispolite,hard-workingandverymodest.Heisalwayshelpful.Heoftenhelpsuswithourstudy.HeoftenhelpsraisethingsforProjectHope.HeisgoodatcomputersandoftensearchesforinformationontheInternetfortheHelpingHandsClub.Henevermindsdoingextraworkandoftenshowsthenewstudentshowtousetheschoollibrary.Weareallgratefultohimforhishelp.Weallthinkheisthemostsuitablepersonforthisaward.Weallhopeyoucanagreewithus.Yoursfaithfully,Tom模块模块七当堂限时检测一、阅读理解（22-23九年级上·江苏盐城·期末）JOAN:IworkonSaturdaysandintheschoolholidays.Saturdaysarebusybecausethat’swheneveryonegoesshopping.Ourshopsellsclothesandaccessoriesformen,womenandchildren.Iworkinthechildren’sdepartment.Itcanbecrazysometimes,butit’sfun.JUSTIN:IworkduringmysummerholidayswhenI’mnotatuniversity.Oxfordhasthousandsoftouristsinthesummer,soit’seasytofindajobasatourguide.Itaketouriststovisittheuniversitycollegesandthenwegodowntotheriver.Wegoalongtheriveronaboat.Thetouristslovetheboattrip,butlastsummeronetouristfellintheriver!Ilovemeetingpeoplefromallovertheworld.PAUL:Myjobisverydifficult,butIlikeitbecauseIloveflying.Iflyplanesthattakepeopletodifferentplacesonholiday.MostofthetimeIflyinEuropetoplaceslikeSpain,GreeceandItaly.Themostdifficultthingaboutmyjobiswhentheweatherisbad.Snowandthunderstormsaretheworst.Thebestthingisvisitingdifferentplaces.1．WhendoesJoanwork?A．Whensheisatuniversity. B．OnSaturdaysC．Intheschoolholidays D．OnSaturdaysandintheschoolholidays.2．WhatdoesJustinsaytouristslovedoing?A．Findingajobasatourguide B．Visitinguniversities.C．Takingaboattrip. D．Swimmingintheriver.3．WhatdoesPaulsayisthebestthingabouthisjob?A．Learningmanylanguages. B．Visitingdifferentplaces.C．Meetingdifferentpeople. D．Thedifferentweather.二、完形填空（2023九年级·江苏·专题练习）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。Educationisnotanend,butawaytoanend.Inotherwords,wedonoteducatechildrenonlyforthe4ofeducatingthem;ourpurposeistofitthemforlife.Assoonaswerealizethisfact,wewillunderstandthatitisveryimportanttochooseagoodwayofeducationwhichwillreally5childrenforlife.Inmanymoderncountriesithasbeenfashionableforsometimetothinkthatbyfreeeducationforall—whethertheyarerichorpoor,cleverorstupid,onecansolvealltheproblemsofsocietyand6aperfectnation.Butwecanalreadyseethat7educationforallisnotenough.Thenumberofjobsissmallerthanthatofpeoplewithuniversitydegrees.Somepeoplewithhighdegreesrefusedtodowhattheythink“low”work.Workingwithhandsisthoughttobedirtyandshamefulinsuchcountries,8theygiveupchoosingthesejobs.Theyevenhavenoworktodo.Butwehavetounderstandthattheworkofacompletelyuneducatedfarmerismoreimportantthanthatofaprofessorinsomeways.Wecanlivewithout9,butwedieifwehavenofood.Ifnoonecleanedourstreetsandtooktherubbishawayfromourhouses,weshouldgetterriblediseasesinourtowns.Insomecountriestherearenowaitersbecause10iswillingtodosuchwork.Sotheprofessorshavetowastetheirtime11houseworkaswell.Actually,whenwesaythatallofusmustbeeducatedtofitusforlife,itmeansthatwe12beeducatedinsuchawaythat—firstly,eachofuscandowhateverjobissuitableforhisbrainandability.Andsecondly,thatwecanrealizethatalljobsarenecessarytosociety,andthatitisverybadto,beunwillingtodoone’swork,ortolaughatsomeoneelse’s.Onlysuchatypeofeducationcanbecalled13tosociety.Weneedtoaccepttheneedsofsocietyassoonaspossible.4．A．purpose B．experience C．progress D．result5．A．ask B．thank C．praise D．prepare6．A．protect B．build C．prevent D．describe7．A．cheap B．expensive C．free D．proper8．A．because B．so C．unless D．if9．A．languages B．qualities C．education D．knowledge10．A．anybody B．nobody C．somebody D．everybody11．A．sharing B．joining C．working D．doing12．A．could B．can C．must D．might13．A．valuable B．friendly C．similar D．well-known三、短文填空（江苏徐州·中考真题）WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself,Irealizehowfasttimeflies.Aboutonemonthafterthispicture

14(take),Ibecameaprimaryschoolstudent.Aroundmeinthispicturearethethings

that

15(be)

very

important

in

my

life

at

that

time:

toy

cars

and

planes.

Ienjoyed

16(study)differentkindsofcarsandplanes.Thispicturebringsbackto

17(I)manyhappymemoriesofmychildhood.SinceIwasakid,I

18(consider)differentjobsIwouldliketodo.First,Iwantedtobeafireman,becausetheuniformlookedsocool.Then,whenIwasinthe

19(six)grade,IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachersomuch.WhenIenteredmiddleschool,mydreamwastoopenarestaurant.Iwishedtohaveachainofrestaurantsinmanydifferent

20(city).IfIsucceededinmanagingone,Iwouldopen

21(many).NowIhopetobeasurgeon.“That’sagood

22(decide)”,myparentssaytome.IknowImusttryhard

23(make)mydreamcometrue.四、书面表达24．（23-24九年级上·江苏苏州·期末）学校计划邀请同学们参加“TakeoverChallenge”活动，即用一天的时间体验某种工作，例如画家、工程师、医生、运动员、音乐家、演员等。请以“ThejobIwanttotakeoverforaday”为题，根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文。内容包括：1.Whatjobwouldyouliketotakeoverforaday?2.Whatqualitiesdoesthisjobrequire?Chooseapersoninthepictureasanexample.3.Whydoyouchoosethisjob?注意：1.词数100左右；2.内容需涵盖所有要点，可适当发挥；3.请勿提及真实校名、姓名等信息。★takeover:接管ThejobIwanttotakeoverforaday__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：1．D2．C3．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三个人的工作情况。1．细节理解题。根据第一个框中的“JOAN:IworkonSaturdaysandintheschoolholidays.”可知，Joan在周六和学校假期工作。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第二个框中的“Thetouristslovetheboattrip”可知，Justin说游客喜欢乘船旅行。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据第三个框中的“Thebestthingisvisitingdifferentplaces.”可知，Paul说他的工作最棒的地方是参观不同的地方。故选B。4．A5．D6．B7．C8．B9．C10．B11．D12．C13．A【导语】本文讲述了教育的含义，告诉我们要尊重各种工作，社会需要各种岗位的人才。4．句意：换言之，我们教育儿童并不是仅仅为了教育他们；我们的目的是让他们适应生活。purpose目的，意图；experience经历；progress进步；result结果。根据“ourpurposeistofitthemforlife.”可知，此处指教育的目的，故选A。5．句意：一旦我们意识到这一事实，我们就会明白，选择一种能让孩子真正为生活做好准备的良好教育方式是非常重要的。ask询问；thank感谢；praise赞扬；prepare准备。根据“whichwillreally...childrenforlife.”可知，此处指为生活做好准备，故选D。6．句意：在许多现代国家，一段时间以来，人们一直认为，通过对所有人进行免费教育——无论他们贫富、聪明还是愚蠢，这个方法可以解决社会的所有问题，建设一个完美的国家。protect保护；build修建；prevent阻止；describe描述。根据“onecansolvealltheproblemsofsocietyand...aperfectnation.”可知，此处指免费教育的好处，所以是解决社会的所有问题，建设一个完美的国家。故选B。7．句意：但我们已经看到，仅仅为所有人提供免费教育是不够的。cheap便宜的；expensive昂贵的；free免费的；proper恰当的。根据“Inmanymoderncountriesithasbeenfashionableforsometimetothinkthatbyfreeeducationforall...”可知，此处指免费教育，故选C。8．句意：在这些国家，用手工作被认为是肮脏和可耻的，所以他们放弃了选择这些工作。because因为；so所以；unless除非；if如果。根据“Workingwithhandsisthoughttobedirtyandshamefulinsuchcountries,...theygiveupchoosingthesejobs.”可知，前后两句话为因果关系，前因后果，用so引导结果状语从句，故选B。9．句意：我们可以在没有教育的情况下生活，但如果没有食物，我们就会死亡。languages语言；qualities品质；education教育；knowledge知识。根据上文“Butwehavetounderstandthattheworkofacompletelyuneducatedfarmerismoreimportantthanthatofaprofessorinsomeways.”可知，一个完全没有受过教育的农民的工作比教授的工作更重要。所以我们可以在没有教育的情况下生活，故选C。10．句意：没有人愿意做这样的工作。anybody任何人；nobody没有人；somebody某人；everybody所有人。根据“Insomecountriestherearenowaitersbecause...”可知，因为没有人愿意做这样的工作，所以一些国家没有服务员，故选B。11．句意：所以教授们也不得不把时间浪费在做家务上。sharing分享；joining加入；working工作；doing做。dohousework“做家务”，动词短语，故选D。12．句意：事实上，当我们说我们所有人都必须接受教育以适应生活时，这意味着我们必须接受这样的教育：首先，我们每个人都可以做任何适合自己大脑和能力的工作。could能够，过去式；can能够；must必须；might可能。根据“whenwesaythatallofusmustbeeducatedtofitusforlife,”可知，所有人都必须接受这样的教育以适应生活，故选C。13．句意：只有这种类型的教育才能被称为对社会有价值的教育。valuable有价值的；friendly友好的；similar相似的；well-known著名的。根据“firstly,eachofuscandowhateverjobissuitableforhisbrainandability.Andsecondly,thatwecanrealizethatalljobsarenecessarytosociety,andthatitisverybadto,beunwillingtodoone’swork,ortolaughat