2025年高考英语复习专项突破：阅读理解之词义猜测题（解析版）

高考题型逐个击破-阅读理解之词义猜测题

题型解读

构词法猜词

阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：

unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是词根，fore是“先，前，预”

的含义，un是否定，able是“能...的，可....的“，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的“意思。

利用同义近义词猜词

在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生

词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或。r,这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或

or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它

的大致词义。

利用反义词猜词

对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系

可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hotandcold,perfectandimperfect,甚至前、

后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。

利用上下文语境猜词

任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下

文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，

特别提醒：在做英语阅读理解题时，一定要注意熟词生义！这类猜词题也常见于各年高考题当中。熟

词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有数量的规定，不得超过3%；其

二，熟词生义很容易引起考生的误解；其三，熟词生义的数量没有限制。如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现

得多，那就更难理解了。

利用定义和解释猜词

有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。

释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加

以解释说明的方式。

利用例证猜词

为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助我们猜

测生词。举例时，常常会用一些连接性的词，如：suchas,like,forexample,forinstance等。

根据复述或同等关系猜测词义

为了强调某个观点或把某事叙述得更明白，作者有时运用不同语句来复述同一概念，这时可以利用这

些重复和表达形式的变化来猜测词义。虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者

猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。

同等关系是指一个词、一个词组或短语在句中作同一成分，而且他们的词义属于同一范畴。只要我们

认出其中一个或几个词或短语，即可以确定同等关系中生词的词性，作用和大概的意思。

根据语义转折猜词

有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though,

although,still,but,yet,instead,insteadof,however,while,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,unlike,ratherthan,

foronething,foranother等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。

利用经验和常识猜词

最后提醒，掌握了一定的生词推测技巧后，也不要去“死抠”个别词，除了人名、地名等一些专有名词不

必去细究每一处，那些一时难以断定其意思却又不妨碍理解或答题的生词，大可不必理会。

当然，做完题之后，可以查阅字典，一方面可以检测自己的推断是否正确，另外，可把一些单词、短

语记在专门的本子上，以后经常积累并复习这些词汇（注：最好连同文章中的句子一起摘抄下来）。这样对

今后的阅读将会有一定的帮助。因为考试没有很多时间去推测大量的单词，平时一定要尽可能地去积累并

熟背大量的单词、短语，经典句子甚至文章。

解题技巧

通过以下方法巧解词义猜测

类属法

即通过类属来推测词义。如：

Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindsoffruitgrowinwarmareas.

说明：从句意我们知道pineapples和coconuts与bananas,oranges是同类事物，同属水果（准确地说是“菠

萝”和“椰子

推理法

即根据文章的前后语境推出生词的词义。如：

Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.

说明：既然一天之内看不完所有的展品，那么immense的意思应该是“很大”了。

Everyoneagreedthatthewomaninthephotowasgorgeous.Itwaseasytoseewhyshehadwonthebeauty

contest.

说明：既然“她在选美比赛中获胜”，说明她“很美丽”（gorgeous）。

列举法

即通过对文章所列举的事物来猜测生词的词义。如：

Childrenlikesuchcreaturesasdogsandmonkeys.

说明：像dogs和monkeys之类的“creatures”,显然creatures的意思应是‘动物

Inyoursparetime,youmaylookthroughanyoftheseperiodicals:TimeMagazine,NewsWeek,orTheNew

Worker.

说明：periodical是生词，但根据其后所列举的例子，我们可以推测出它的意思可能是“期刊”或“杂志”。

构词法

即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义。如：

Overworkmaycausediseases.

说明：前缀over-的意思是“过分的，过量的"，故overwork的意思应为“工作过度”。

Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanager'seyes.

说明：satisfied的意思是“满意的”，前缀dis-的意思是“不"，故dissatisfied的意思应该是“不满意的

对比法

即根据文章前后的对比关系确定生词的词义。如：

Hehadbeengettingbetter,butduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.

说明：句中的but表明deteriorate应该与getbetter的意思相反，即"恶化

Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.

说明：上文说两个经济上的极端，那么下文中penury应与greatwealth相对，即表示“贫困

Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.

说明：while表对比，意为“而"，所以loquacious应是silent的反义，即“多嘴的”。

Ifyouagree,drawacircle;andacrossifyoudissent.

说明：既然画圈表示同意，那么画叉便是"不同意"(dissent)。

同位法

同位语是对所修饰词语的进一步说明和解释，若对所修饰的词语不熟悉，可通过其后同位语的“说明或

解释''来确定其词义。如：

Hisfatherisanexpertinphonetics,thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage.

说明：同位语thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage表示phonetics的意思应该是“语音学”。

Jeanwasbomwithspinabifida,abirthillnessthatdamagesthespine(脊骨).

说明：同位语abirthillnessthatdamagesthespine表明了spinabifida是一种病，一种对脊骨有损害的病。

释义法

即根据文章中所提供的释义关系来确定生词的词义。如：

Theydescribedhimasaloon,oramadman.

说明：句中的or是对loon的解释，即loon与amadman同义，即表示“疯子

Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle,thatis,itwillbreakeasily.

说明：句中的thatis表明itwillbreakeasily是对brittle的解释，从而猜测出其意为“脆

Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout500yuanayear.

说明：定语从句wholooksaftersheep表明herdsman的词义为"牧人

Therearethreekindsofsnow.Onekindisafluffysnowthatissomewhatdryandfeathery?

说明：定语从句thatissomewhatdryandfeathery（有点儿干、像羽毛似的）表明fluffysnow的意思可能

是“鹅毛大雪”。

常识法

即根据普通常识推测生词的词义。如：

IfssaidthatBillGatesisthemostaffluentpersonintheworld.

说明：根据常识，BillGates为世界首富，所以affluent可能是“富有的”

Asascientist,Edisonisveryfamousforhiscontrivances.

说明：根据常识，Edison为发明大王，他应因“发明”而闻名于世。

总之，掌握并运用这些方法和技巧，词义猜测问题就能迎刃而解了。

新题速递

（一）

（2024•山东青岛•二模）Itmightseemstrangetobemakingpredictionsabout2021,butonethingisclear:

technologyhasbeenaffectedjustasmuchaseveryotherpartofourlives.Anotherclearthingisthattoday5smost

importanttechnologytrendswillplayabigpartinhelpingusdealwithandadapttothemanychallengesfacingus.

Fromtheshifttoworkingfromhometonewrulesabouthowwemeetandinteractinpublicspaces,technology

trendswillbethedrivingforceinmanagingthechange.

Oneofthemajortechnologytrendsthatarelikelytoplayoutthisyearis5Gandenhancedconnectivity.Each

successiveadvanceinmobileconnectivityfrom3GonwardshasunlockednewusecasesfortheInternet.3Gmade

webbrowsinganddata-drivenservicesusefulonmobiledevices,4Gledtothegrowthofstreamingvideoand

musicplatformsasbandwidths（宽带）increased,and5G,similarly,willopenmoredoorsintermsofwhatis

possible.

5Gmeansthatservicesrelyingonadvancedtechnologiessuchasaugmented（增强的）realityandvirtual

reality,aswellascloud-basedgamingplatformslikeGoogle'sStadia,becomeapracticalthing,anywhereatany

time.Theyalsothreatentomakecableandfiber-based（光纤）networksredundant,withtheirneedforustobetied

toaparticularlocation.

Inshort,5Gandotheradvanced,high-speednetworksmakeothernewtechnologiesavailableanywhere,any

time.AgreatexampleisNorwegianfisheryoperatorSalmarthatusesa5Gnetworktoautomatethecareand

feedingofitsfish.Imagerecognitionalgorithms（算法）areusedtodetectwhichfishareoverorunder-feeding,and

automaticallydistributefoodandmedicineneededtokeepthemhealthy.Initiativeslikethiswillbecome

increasinglyimportantduring2021,wherebusinesseslooktoincreaseautomationacrosstheirworkforces.

1.Whichofthefollowingishighlyinfluencedby5Gtechnology?

A.Data-drivenservices.B.Streamingvideo.

C.Musicplatforms.D.Google'sStadia.

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“redundant“inparagraph3?

A.Useful.B.Unnecessary.C.Expensive.D.Special.

3.Whyis“Salmar“mentionedinthetext?

A.ToshowthedevelopmentofNorwegianfishery.

B.Toexplainhowtokeepfishhealthy.

C.Topresenttheapplicationof5Gtechnology.

D.Toproposenewinitiativesforbusinesses.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Differentpredictionsoftechnologytrends.

B.Successiveadvancesinmobiletechnology.

C.Oneofthetechnologicalhighlightsoftheyear.

D.Thedrivingforceinmanagingchanges.

【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.C

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了5G技术的应用和优势。

1.细节理解题。根据第三段第——句"5Gmeansthatservicesrelyingonadvancedtechnologiessuchasaugmented

（增强的）realityandvirtualreality,aswellascloud-basedgamingplatformslikeGoogle'sStadia,becomea

practicalthing,anywhereatanytime.9,（5G意味着依托增强现实、虚拟现实等先进技术的服务，以及谷歌的

Stadia等基于云的游戏平台，成为随时随地实用的东西。）可知，谷歌的Stadia深受5G技术的影响。故选D。

2.词句猜测题。根据"withtheirneedforustobetiedtoaparticularlocation^^（因为他们需要我们被绑定到一

个特定的位置）可知，此处是指使以电缆和光纤为基础的网络变得多余，所以redundant意为“不必要的工

故选Bo

3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句"Inshort,5Gandotheradvanced,high-speednetworksmakeothernew

technologiesavailableanywhere,anytime.AgreatexampleisNorwegianfisheryoperatorSalmarthatusesa5G

networktoautomatethecareandfeedingofitsfish.”（总之，5G和其他先进的高速网络让其他新技术随

时随地都可以使用。挪威渔业运营商Salmar就是一个很好的例子，该公司利用5G网络实现了对鱼类的自

动化照料和喂养。）可知，此处提到Salmar是为了介绍5G技术的应用。故选C。

4.主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句"OneofthemajorteclmologytrendsthatareHkelytoplayoutthisyearis5G

andenhancedconnectivity."（今年可能出现的主要技术趋势之一是5G和增强互联互通。）可知，文章主要是

讲今年的技术亮点之一5G技术。故选C。

（二）

（2024•北京朝阳•二模）ABridgeLinkingArtandtheAudience

Accordingtoa2018report,peopleagedbetween16and24makeupabout15percentofthepopulationbut

only10percentofmuseum-goers.Similarly,peopleagedover35gohalfasmuchasyouwouldexpectfromtheir

populationsize.Wehavereachedthepointofrecognisingthedisconnectionbetweenartandtheaudiencebut

haven'tyetdeterminedhowtobridgethegap.Twoanswerstotacklingthischallengelieintellingagreater

diversityofarthistoriesandcommunicatingthesestoriesinmoreaccessibleways.

In2018,aradioprogramcalledArtMatterswasstartedwiththeaimofdiscussingartfromapop-culture

viewpointwithtopicsthatwouldengageyoungerandmorediverseaudience.Itoffersanaccessiblepathwaytoart

historywithconversationsondifferenttopics.Arthistoryisaboutstorytelling;artcontentshineswhenthereisan

efforttobringaudiencealongforthediscussion.

Moretraditionalinstitutionsarepayingattention.RecentlytheGettyMuseumissuedasocial-media

challengeforpeopletorecreatepaintingsusingitemstheyhadathome.Usersdisplayedincrediblecreativity,and

themuseumwasfloodedwithsubmissions.Thisreactionprovesthatthereisapotentialdesirefortheaudienceto

engagewitharttopicsiftheformatisappealing.Sincemanypeoplefeelintimidatedandthinkthatthere5sabase

levelofunderstandingrequiredtojointheconversation,theGettyinitiativeservesasareminderthatthereare

manypathwaystoengagingwithit.

AnotherresultoftheGettychallengewastheexposuregiventoadiversityofartworks.Thefamousopera

singerPeterBrathwaite,forexample,madescoresofattractiverecreationshighlightingcenturiesofblackpaintings.

Hiseffortsopposedtheideathattherewerenotmanyhistoricalpaintingsofblackfigures.Itisextremelyimportant

thatwedoabetterjobofshowingthecomplexanddiversestoriesthatarerepresentedinart.

Socialmediahaveofferedaplatformforpeoplewhohavenottraditionallyhadaseatatthetable.Anyone

canrecogniseagapinthefieldandaddressit.Accountshavegatheredtensofthousandsoffollowers.Theyarethe

proofthatthereishungertohearthesearthistories,andthesethemesworkbrilliantlyformuseumprogramming.

Butthereisonlysomuchthatcanbedonewithoutthemuseumsandgallerieschangingmeaningfullyfrom

within.Weneedtoseeabetterbalanceofthesestoriesrepresentedinpermanentcollections.Wealsoneedamuch

widerdiversityofpeopleandinterestsrepresentedonboard.Ensuringthatart-andwritingandtalkingaboutart-is

abletocontinueontherisinggenerationofstorytellers,insideandoutsideofinstitutions,gettingthefundingand

supporttheyneedtopaintabrighterpictureforthepart.

5.Whatchallengeistheauthortryingtotackle?

A.Peopledoubtagreatdiversityofartworks.

B.Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplegotomuseums.

C.Artappearstoodistantfromcommonaudience.

D.Adultaudiencehasadifferentunderstandingofart.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimidated“inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Tired.B.Worried.C.Annoyed.D.Surprised.

7.Intheauthor'sopinion,themuseumsandgalleriesshould.

A.makethearthistorystoriesaccessibleinatraditionalway.

B.changemeaningfullyforactivitiesliketheGettychallenge.

C.limitthenumberofstorytellersbothinandoutofinstitutions.

D.improvethepermanentcollectionsbyaddingfamousartworks.

8.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethatcommonaudience.

A.lacksthechannelstounderstandandtalkaboutarthistory.

B.preferstoviewartworksandhearartstoriesonsocialmedia.

C.feelssatisfiedwithpeopleandinterestsrepresentedonboard.

D.refusestoengagewithdiversearttopicsandarthistorystories.

【答案】5.C6.B7.B8.A

【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述普通人似乎离艺术很遥远，他们想要参与艺术，但缺乏理解和谈

论艺术的渠道，我们需要连接艺术和观众的桥梁。

5.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Wehavereachedthepointofrecognisingthedisconnectionbetweenartandthe

audiencebuthaven'tyetdeterminedhowtobridgethegap.（我们已经意识到艺术和观众之间的脱节，但还没有

决定如何消除这一差距）”可知，作者努力解决的挑战是艺术似乎离普通观众太遥远了。故选C项。

6.词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“…thinkthatthere?sabaselevelofunderstandingrequiredtojointhe

conversation,theGettyinitiativeservesasareminderthattherearemanypathwaystoengagingwithit.“可知，由

于很多人认为参与对话需要基本水平的理解力,Getty博物馆的倡议提醒我们，可以有许多途径来参与其中，

由此可推知，很多人感觉担心，参与艺术对话需要基本水平的理解能力，划线词“intimidated”意为“担心的”。

故选B项。

7.推理判断题。根据第三段中"Thisreactionprovesthatthereisapotentialdesirefortheaudiencetoengagewith

arttopicsiftheformatisappealing.”可知，Getty博物馆的再创作活动证明，如果艺术形式具有吸引力，观众

就有潜在的兴趣参与艺术主题；结合最后一段首句"Butthereisonlysomuchthatcanbedonewithoutthe

museumsandgallerieschangingmeaningfullyfromwithin.”可知，但如果博物馆和画廊不从内部进行有意义的

改变，我们能做的就只有这么多了。由此可推知，在作者看来，博物馆和画廊应该作出有意义的改变，举

办像Getty博物馆那样的再创作活动，才能吸引观众。故选B项。

8.推理判断题。第一段中"Wehavereachedthepointofrecognisingthedisconnectionbetweenartandthe

audience”提到“我们已经意识到艺术和观众之间的脱节”；根据第二段中"Itoffersanaccessiblepathwaytoart

historyw汕conversationsondifferenttopics」它提供了一条通往艺术史的途径，可以就不同的话题进行对话）”

及第三段中“theGettyinitiativeservesasareminderthattherearemanypathwaystoengagingwithit.（Getty博物

馆的倡议提醒我们，可以有许多途径来参与其中）”可知，普通观众缺乏理解和谈论艺术史的渠道。故选A

项。

（三）

（2024•河南关R州•二模）TheicybeautyoftheArcticattractsthousandsofvisitorseveryyeartoseeitswonderful

wildlife,landscapeandlocalcultures.VisitorscantakeshipsonavoyagealongtheArcticOceanortakeflightsto

citiesalongtheArcticedge.Nomatterhowonegetsthere,theyshouldwearwarmclothesandgetreadytotakein

theattractions.

'"TravellingtotheArcticleavesanunforgettableimpressiononthevisitor.Itsvastexpanseandthefragility

ofitsenvironmentaretwothingsthatreallyblowawaypeople,9,saidCherylRosa,thedirectoroftheUSArctic

ResearchCommission.

VisitorstotheArcticCirclewillhavealotofactivitiestochoosefromiftheywanttoseeallthattheregion

hastooffer.Hikingwithsnowshoes,dogsleddingandkayakingarecommonactivities.Visitorswithsharpeyesare

likelytospotpolarbears.Togetevenclosertotheanimalsofthesea,visitorscangopolarsnorkelingwithseals.

Ofcourse,Arcticadventuresaren'tcompletewithoutviewingthewondersoftheArcticCircle'slargeglaciersand

icebergsaswell.

OneofthemostimpressiveattractionsandmaybethemostdifficulttoseeistheNorthernLights,oneofthe

sevennaturalwondersoftheworld.Theyarenaturallightsthatglowabrilliantgreenandlightupthehorizon.

Sometimestheyappearaswavesthatdanceacrosstheskyindifferentcolors.

ThebestplacestoviewtheNorthernLightsareinNorthernNorway,Sweden'sAbiskoNationalPark,

Iceland,America'sAlaskaorCanada'sYukon,accordingto.CharlesDeehr,anexpertattheUniversityof

AlaskaFairbanks*GeophysicalInstitute,recommendedplanningatripbetweenwinterandspring,especiallywhen

thereisanewmoon.

EventhoughtheArcticisapopulartouristdestination,don'tforgetthatpeopleliveheretoo."Itis

recommendedthatvisitorsgowithtourgroupsthatarerespectfulofArcticresidents（居民）andtheirculture,said

Rosa."Toomanypeoplecandisturbthesmallvillages.Findingtourgroupsthatworkwithlocalcommunitiesis

important.

9.Theunderlinedpart“blowaway“inParagraph2probablymeans"

A.defeatB.affectC.moveD.impress

10.WhatcanweknowabouttheNorthernLights?

A.Theyonlyproducegreenlightatnight.

B.Theyarenaturallightsandhardtosee.

C.Theyseldomoccurbetweenwinterandspring.

D.Thebesttimetoviewthemiswhenthereisafullmoon.

11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.TourgroupsarenotwelcomeamongArcticresidents.

B.TheArctic'spopulationhasbeenrisinginrecentyears.

C.Visitorsshouldchoosesuitabletourgroupswhenvisiting.

D.Tourgroupsshouldgetpermissionfromlocalcommunities.

12.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?

A.Toinformvisitorsoflocalculture.

B.Torecommendsomeactivitiestovisitors.

C.Tointroduceapopulartouristdestination.

D.ToshareatravelexperienceintheArctic.

【答案】9.D10.B11.C12.C

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对北极美妙的野生动物、风景和当地文化进行了介绍。

9.词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句"TravellingtotheArcticleavesanunforgettableimpressiononthevisitor.（北

极之旅给来访者留下了难忘的印象）”可知，此处是指北极的广阔和它脆弱的环境是最令人印象深刻的。所以

blowaway意为“令印象深刻”。故选D。

10.细节理解题。根据第四段第一句"Oneofthemostimpressiveattractionsandmaybethemostdifficulttoseeis

theNorthernLights,oneofthesevennaturalwondersoftheworld.（北极光是世界七大自然奇观之一，它是最令

人印象深刻的景点之一，也许也是最难看到的）”可知，北极光是自然光，很难看到。故选B。

11.推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句"Itisrecommendedthatvisitorsgow汕tourgroupsthatarerespectfulof

Arcticresidents（居民）andtheirculture（建议游客选择尊重北极居民及其文化的旅游团）”和最后一句"Finding

tourgroupsthatworkwithlocalcommunitiesisimportant.（找至!J与当地社区合作的旅游团很重要）“可知，游客

应选择合适的旅行团。故选C。

12.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句"TheicybeautyoftheArcticattractsthousandsofvisitorseveryyeartosee

itswonderfulwildlife,landscapeandlocalcultures.（北极的冰雪之美每年都吸引着成千上万的游客前来观赏其

美妙的野生动物、风景和当地文化）”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一个受欢迎的旅游目的地。故选Co

（四）

（2024•云南六盘水•二模）Overthepasttwoweeks,Fvelostmypassport,barkedataneighborandpublisheda

pictureofmyselfwearingakid'ssuperherocostume.Forgetfulness,angerandpoordecision-makingareallsignsof

sleepshortage.

AndI'mnotalone.

“Iaveragearoundsixhoursanight,“admitsPaul,who'slivedinShanghaiforthreeyears.t6Buthowmuchof

thatisdeepsleep,Idon*tknow.^^

Lisaworksinahotel."Istruggletoswitchoff,“shesays,“aglassofredwinewithdinnerhelps.^^

March21istheWorldSleepDay,anannualeventincelebrationofslumber,orsleep.Whensleepproblems

becomeaglobalepidemic,ifstimetoask:"AmIgettingenough?^^

Thelackofsleepthroughoutindustrializednationsisdamagingourhealth,wellnessandsafety.We're

dog-tired,theimpactofwhichisenoughtokeepanyoneupatnight.

Aglobalexperimentisperformedon1.6billionpeopleacross70countriestwiceayear:daylightsavings.

Whenonehourofsleepislostinspring,there*sa24percentincreaseinheartattacks,andinautumn,whenthe

hourisregained,a21percentreduction.

Goodsleepincreasesconcentration,attentionanddecision-making.Creativitygoesup,andourabilitytofind

novelsolutionstocomplexproblemsishugelyimproved.Sleepreducesmoodswingsandstresslevels.Wedrink

lessalcoholandmakebetterfoodchoiceswhenrested.

Takesleepseriously.Itsnotaluxury,butabiologicalnecessity.It'sourlife-supportsystemandletitbeour

superpower.

13.WhydoestheauthormentionhisownexperiencesinParagraph1?

A.Todrawattentiontohissituation.B.Tocomplainaboutlackingsleep.

C.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.D.Toraiseaquestionaboutdeepsleep.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“switchoff'inParagraph4mean?

A.Turnoff.B.Disinterestsomeone.C.Stoptalking.D.Fallasleep.

15.Whatisthefindingoftheglobalexperiment?

A.Thelossofsleepincreasestheriskofheartattacks.

B.Shortsleepislinkedtomentalhealthproblems.

C.Goodsleepleadstobetterworkperformances.

D.Redwineiseffectiveintreatingsleeplessness.

16.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestaboutsleep?

A.CelebratingtheWorldSleepDay.B.Payingattentiontosleepproblems.

C.Gettingsixhours1sleepeveryday.D.Takingsleepingpillswhennecessary.

【答案】13.C14.D15.A16.B

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文中作者结合自身经历说明了如今许多人都存在睡眠问题，指出工业化国家的

睡眠不足正在损害我们的健康、健康和安全。说明了睡眠不足可能导致心脏病发作几率，良好的睡眠则能

提高注意力、注意力和决策力。

13.推理判断题。根据第一段“Overthepasttwoweeks,I'velostmypassport,barkedataneighborandpublished

apictureofmyselfwearingakid'ssuperherocostume.Forgetfulness,angerandpoordecision-makingareallsigns

ofsleepshortage.（在过去的两周里，我丢了护照，对邻居大喊大叫，还发布了一张自己穿着儿童超级英雄服

装的照片。健忘、愤怒和糟糕的决策都是睡眠不足的迹象）”以及第二段“AndTmnotalone.（我不是一个人）”

结合后文提到了其他人也有睡眠不足的问题，以及睡眠不足的危害等，可推知，作者在第一段中提到了他

自己的经历是为了引入文章主题。故选C。

14.词义猜测题。根据第二段"AndI'mnotalone.（我不是一个人）”以及画线词后文“aglassofredwinewith

dinnerhelps”可知，此处是在列举其他人也有睡眠问题，Lisa需要晚餐时喝一杯红酒来帮助自己入睡，故画

线词意思是“入睡”。故选D。

15.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段"Aglobalexperimentisperformedon1.6billionpeopleacross70countries

twiceayear:daylightsavings.Whenonehourofsleepislostinspring,there'sa24percentincreaseinheartattacks,

andinautumn,whenthehourisregained,a21percentreduction.（一项全球实验每年在70个国家的16亿人身上

进行两次：夏令时。春季少睡一个小时，心脏病发作几率会增加24%；秋季多睡一个小时，心脏病发作几

率会减少21%）”可知，全球实验的结果是睡眠不足会增加心脏病发作的风险。故选A。

16.细节理解题。根据最后一段"Takesleepseriously.Ifsnotaluxury,butabiologicalnecessity.It*sour

life-supportsystemandletitbeoursuperpower.（认真对待睡眠。这不是一种奢侈品，而是一种生物必需品。这

是我们的生命维持系统，让它成为我们的超能力）”结合上文提到睡眠不足可能导致心脏病发作几率，良好的

睡眠则能提高注意力、注意力和决策力。可知，作者建议注意睡眠问题。故选B。

（五）

（2024•福建福州•三模）An85-year-oldprimaryschoolconstructedin1935inShanghaihasbeenliftedoffthe

groundinitsentiretyandrelocatedusingnewtechnologycalledthe"walkingmachine.9,Theprojectmarksthefirst

timethis“walkingmachine^^methodhasbeenusedinShanghaitorelocateahistoricalbuilding.

Urbanization（都市化）hascontinuedtosignificantlythreatenarchitecturalheritage.InthecapitalBeijing,

forinstance,morethan1,000acresofitshistorichutongsandtraditionalcourtyardhomesweredestroyedbetween

1990and2010.

Intheearly2000s,citiesincludingNanjingandBejjing-duetothecritics5protestaboutthelossofold

neighborhoods-drewuplong-termplanstopreservewhatwasleftoftheirhistoricsites,withprotectionsintroduced

tosafeguardbuildingsandrestrictdevelopers.

Theseconservationeffortshavetakendifferentforms.InBeijing,anear-ruinedtemplewastransformedinto

arestaurantandgallery,whileinNanjing,acinemafromthe1930swasrestoredtoitsoriginalform,withsome

additionsprovidingitformodemuse.In2019,ShanghaiwelcomedTankShanghai,anartscenterbuiltinrenovated

（重修的）oiltanks.

*"Relocationisnotthefirstchoice,butbetterthandestroying,9,saidLan,theShanghaiprimaryschool's

projectsupervisor."Tdrathernottouchthehistoricalbuildingsatall.^^Buildingrelocationshesaidhowever,are"a

workableoption.^^“Thecentralgovernmentisputtingmoreemphasisontheprotectionofhistoricalbuildings.I'm

happytoseethatprogressinrecentyears.”

ShanghaihasarguablybeenChina'smostprogressivecitywhenitcomestoheritagepreservation.The

survivalofanumberof1930sbuildingsand19th-century“shikumen”（or"stonegate"）househaveoffered

examplesofhowtogiveoldbuildingsnewlife.

“Wehavetopreservethehistoricalbuildingnomatterwhat,“Lansaid."Therelocationhaschallenges,but

ingeneral,itischeaperthandestroyingandthenrebuildingsomethinginanewlocation.

17.Howdidcitiesrespondtothelossofhistoricalsites?

A.Theycriticizedthedevelopers.B.Theyrebuiltthehistorichutongs.

C.Theyendedthesignificantthreat.D.Theyproposedtheprotectionproject.

18.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inPara.4referto?

A.Alloriginalform.B.Anewaddition.C.Acinema.D.Atemple.

19.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinPara.6?

A.Providestrongevidence.B.Introducedifferentopinions.

C.Summarizepreviousparagraphs.D.Addsomebackgroundinformation.

20.Whafsthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WalkingMachine:aNewTechnologyB.Rebuilding:aNewOptionforRelics

C.OldBuildingTorndownforModernUseD.HistoricalSite"Walks"toNewLife

【答案】17.D18.C19.A20.D

【分析】这是一篇说明文。上海一所始建于1935年、拥有85年历史的小学，日前全部拔地而起，并使用

名为“步行机”的新技术进行了重新安置。该项目标志着上海首次采用这种“步行机器”的方式来搬迁一座历史

建筑。文章对各个城市对历史遗迹的保护的努力进行了介绍，并详细介绍了上海的重新安置历史遗迹的方

法。

17.细节理解题。根据第三段“Intheearly2000s,citiesincludingNanjingandBejjing-duetothecritics'protest

aboutthelossofoldneighborhoods-drewuplong-termplanstopreservewhatwasleftoftheirhistoricsites,with

protectionsintroducedtosafeguardbuildingsandrestrictdevelopers.^^（21世纪初，包括南京和北京在内的城市

—由于批评人士对老街区流失的抗议——制定了长期计划来保护遗留下来的历史遗迹，引入保护措施来

保护建筑，并限制开发商。）可知，城市提出了保护计划来应对历史遗迹的丧失。故