重庆市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题 含解析

2024年重庆一中高2025届高三上期开学摸底测试英语试题卷英语试题卷共11页。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写在答题卡上。2.作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。3.考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分20分)第一节(共5小题：每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onanairplane.B.Onabus.C.Inashop.2.Howmuchdoesthewomanfinallyofferfortheblouse?A.$54.B.$51.C.$48.3.Whatdidthemanfeelgratefulfor?A.Theteamwork.B.Somerecommendations.C.Hisresearch.4.Whocoststheleast?A.Apianist.B.Aguitarist.C.Ajazzsinger.5.Whydoesthemanpayextra?A.Hewantstobuythebook.B.Heborrowedthebook.C.Hereturnedthebooklate.第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。6.WhydoesSusanwanttoliveinasmalltown?A.Foritsquietenvironment.B.Foraneasyjob.C.Foritslowhousingprice.7.WhathasChristopherdecidedtodobeforemoving?A.Tobuyahouse.B.Tofindajob.C.Toknowtheplace.听下面一段对话，回答第8至10题。8.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Adoptahomelesscat.B.Workasavolunteer.C.Donateforacatshelter.9.Howdidthemanreacttothewoman’sideaofgettingBarbieaboyfriend?A.Hescreamed.B.Helaughed.C.Henodded.10.Whatwillthetwospeakersdointheend?A.Trytoreachanagreement.B.Continuetotalkaboutit.C.TurntoDanielforthedecision.听下面一段对话，回答第11至13题。11.Whyisthewomantryingtoloseweight?A.Forhermarriage.B.Forherfriend’swedding.C.Forherownhealth.12.Howisthewoman’sweightlossplangoing?A.Itdoesn’tworkatall.B.Itisn’tgoingaswellasexpected.C.Ithasn’tbeencarriedoutyet.13.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Nottoeatmuch.B.Toexercisemore.C.Tomindwhattoeat.听下面一段对话，回答第14至17题。14.Whydoesthewomangotoseetheman?A.Totellhimaboutherwork.B.Toaskforàhigherpay.C.Toinformhimofhernewjob.15.Howisthebusinessofthecompany?A.Worsethanbefore.B.Asgoodasbefore.C.Betterthanbefore.16.Whichofthefollowingisonereasonforthewoman’srequirement?A.Financialpressure.B.Thecurrenteconomicsituation.C.Contributiontothecompany.17.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’soffer?A.Satisfactory.B.Disappointing.C.Justso-so.听下面一段独白，回答第18至20题。18.WhendidthespeakerbegintolearnChinese?A.27yearsago.B.7yearsago.C.10yearsago.19.WhichofthefollowingmeansfluencyinChineseinthespeaker’sopinion?A.Readinganewspaperquicklyenough.B.Answeringteachers’questionsinChinese.C.Talkingfreelywithoutreferringtoatext.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.HowonecangainfluencyinChinese.B.HowlongittakestobefluentinChinese.CWhyfluencyinChineseisofgreatimportance.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ACityWalkinShanghaiWhenitcomestoShanghai,themajorityofpeoplewouldthinkoficonicattractionssuchastheBundandNanjingRoad.However,beyondthesewell-knownplaces,ShanghaiisliterallyoneofthemostsuitablecitiesinChinaforleisurelyurbanstrolls,i.e.citywalk.Now,let’stakealookatseveralexceptionallyfamousroadsinShanghaiandsavoraratherpleasantcitywalktogetherunderthefantasticwutongtrees.AnfuRd.AnfuRoadisagatheringplacefortrendsettersinShanghai,cateringprimarilytoyoungcustomersandembodyingarelaxedvibe.Alongthestreet,you’llfindavarietyofbrandsincludingfashionstreetwearlabels,boutiques,semi-openbrunchrestaurants,afternoonteaspots,handmadejewelrystores,fragranceshops,vintageboutiques,beautypop-upstores,bakeries,andmore.Mostoftheshopsadoptanindustrialminimaliststylefortheirinteriordecoration.Orderingacupofcoffeein13DEMARZOandeitherwaitingforitortakingitupstairstobrowsethroughtheclothesisaspecialexperiencethatcannotbefoundinanyshoppingmallelsewhere.WukangRd.WukangRoadishailedasoneofthemostEuropean-styledistrictsincentralShanghai,withformerresidencesofcelebritieslikeBaJinandculturalrelicsdottedalongitspath.ThedistinctivearchitectureincludestheiconicWukangMansion,builtin1924andresemblingagiganticsailingship,whichhasbecomeapopulardestinationforinternetcelebritiesandvisitorsalike.FindacozyartsycaféonWukangRoad,sitbythewindow,andholdacupofhotcoffeeinyourhands.Asyouindulgeintheluxuryofdoingnothing,savorthewarmthofthewintersunglintingofftheshinywutongtreesliningtheroad.HuaihaiRd.(M)HuaihaiRoadMiddleinShanghaiisundoubtedlyafavoriteamongthe,youngergeneration,anditstandsasoneofthemostvibrantcommercialstreetsinthecity.Asyouwalkalongthisroad,thewutongtreesonbothsidescarryauniqueromanticatmospherethatisquintessentiallyShanghai.Thediversearrayoffashionableandtrendyshopsliningtheroadsideaddsevenmoresophisticationandcharmtothispath.There’sagiantcroissant-shaped(可颂形状的)gyminHAUSNOWHEREalongthestreetwhereyoucantakeuniquephotos.SinanRd.Asaculturalthoroughfare,SinanRoadboastsarichhistoryofcelebritieswhosestoriesareaspreciousasfamilyheirlooms.Tracingthetracesoftime,onecanglimpsetheturbulenthistoricaleventsthathaveshapedthisplace.ThebuildingsalongthewaycontaintheResidenceofPremierZhouEnlai,MeiLanfang’sformerresidence,Dr.SunYat-sen’sformerresidence,andsoon.TheyencompassbothtraditionalShanghailanehousesandWestern-stylerestaurantsandbars.AsarenownedhistoricalandculturaldistrictinShanghai,SinanRoadhasbornewitnesstothecity’scentennialevolution.Amidstthebustlingcityscape,itprovidesasereneandpoeticretreat,richinculturalheritageandembodyingthedistinctivecharmofShanghai.1.Whichcitywalkrouteoffersauniqueshoppingexperience?A.AnfuRd. B.WukangRd. C.HuaihaiRd.(M) D.SinanRd.2.WhomdoesHuaihaiRd.(M)suitbest?A.Ethan,whoadorese-sportsandcomputerequipment.B.Olivia,whomajorsinChinesecontemporaryhistory.C.Wade,whoiskeenonfitnessdevicesandpreferinnovativethings.D.Chloe,whodoesresearchinEuropean-stylearchitecture.3.WhatdoWukangRd.andSinanRd.haveincommon?A.Bothareknownfortheirtrendyfashionboutiquesandstreetwearlabels.B.Bothfeatureiconicbuildingswithhistoricalsignificance.C.Botharepopularamongyoungcustomers.D.Bothofferavarietyofsemi-openbrunchrestaurantsandafternoonteaspots.【答案】1.C2.C3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了上海城市漫步几条特别著名的道路。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据HuaihaiRd.(M)中“HuaihaiRoadMiddleinShanghaiisundoubtedlyafavoriteamongthe,youngergeneration,anditstandsasoneofthemostvibrantcommercialstreetsinthecity.Asyouwalkalongthisroad,thewutongtreesonbothsidescarryauniqueromanticatmospherethatisquintessentiallyShanghai.Thediversearrayoffashionableandtrendyshopsliningtheroadsideaddsevenmoresophisticationandcharmtothispath.There’sagiantcroissant-shapedgyminHAUSNOWHEREalongthestreetwhereyoucantakeuniquephotos.”（上海淮海路中路无疑是年轻一代的最爱，也是这座城市最具活力的商业街之一。当你走在这条路上，两旁的梧桐树带着一种独特的浪漫气息，这是典型的上海。路边各种各样的时尚商店为这条路增添了更多的精致和魅力。在HAUSNOWHERE街上有一个巨大的牛角面包形状的健身房，在那里你可以拍出独特的照片。）可知上海淮海中路步行路线能提供独特的购物体验。故选C项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据HuaihaiRd.(M)中“HuaihaiRoadMiddleinShanghaiisundoubtedlyafavoriteamongthe,youngergeneration,anditstandsasoneofthemostvibrantcommercialstreetsinthecity.”（上海淮海中路无疑是年轻一代的最爱，也是这座城市最具活力的商业街之一。）以及“There’sagiantcroissant-shapedgyminHAUSNOWHEREalongthestreetwhereyoucantakeuniquephotos.”（在HAUSNOWHERE街上有一个巨大的牛角面包形状的健身房，在那里你可以拍出独特的照片。）可推知，上海淮海中路适合热衷于健身设备，更喜欢创新的东西的韦德。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据WukangRd.中“WukangRoadishailedasoneofthemostEuropean-styledistrictsincentralShanghai,withformerresidencesofcelebritieslikeBaJinandculturalrelicsdottedalongitspath.ThedistinctivearchitectureincludestheiconicWukangMansion,builtin1924andresemblingagiganticsailingship,whichhasbecomeapopulardestinationforinternetcelebritiesandvisitorsalike.”（武康路被誉为上海市中心最具欧洲风格的地区之一，沿途有巴金等名人的故居和文物。独特的建筑包括标志性的武康大厦，建于1924年，形似一艘巨大的帆船，已成为网红和游客的热门目的地。）以及SinanRd.中“Asaculturalthoroughfare,SinanRoadboastsarichhistoryofcelebritieswhosestoriesareaspreciousasfamilyheirlooms.Tracingthetracesoftime,onecanglimpsetheturbulenthistoricaleventsthathaveshapedthisplace.ThebuildingsalongthewaycontaintheResidenceofPremierZhouEnlai,MeiLanfang’sformerresidence,Dr.SunYat-sen’sformerresidence,andsoon.TheyencompassbothtraditionalShanghailanehousesandWestern-stylerestaurantsandbars.AsarenownedhistoricalandculturaldistrictinShanghai,SinanRoadhasbornewitnesstothecity’scentennialevolution.”（作为一条文化大道，思南路拥有丰富的名人历史，他们的故事就像传家宝一样珍贵。追寻时间的痕迹，人们可以瞥见塑造了这个地方的动荡的历史事件。沿途的建筑有周恩来总理官邸、梅兰芳故居、孙中山故居等。它们既有传统的上海弄堂，也有西式的餐厅和酒吧。作为上海著名的历史文化区，思南路见证了这座城市百年的变迁。）可知，武康路和思南路的共同之处是两者都有具有历史意义的标志性建筑。故选B项。BAsingleworking-classwomannamedChristineleftherchildathomeduetoovertimeworkandfoundhersonmissingwhenshereturnedhome.Thepolicefirstrefusedtoacceptthereportwithin24hours,andthenthecasemadelittleprogress.Fivemonthslater,thepolicesuddenlytoldChristinethattheyhadfoundhersonandbroughtalargegroupofmediatothetrainstationtomeethim.AlthoughChristineimmediatelyrecognizedthattheboywasnotherson,thelittleboyinsistedrepeatedlythathewasherson,andthepolicechiefalsotriedtopersuadeherthatshemightnotrecognizehimafterbeingawayfromhimforsolong.Asaresult,newspaperswerefilledwithnewsofthereunionofmotherandson,andtheLosAngelespoliceregainedsomeface.However,basedontheboy’sheight,circumcisionstatus,andthejudgmentsofdentistsandteachers,Christinewasconvincedthatthechildwasdefinitelynothers.Shehopedthatthepolicewouldcontinuetosearchforherson,butherrequestwasrejected,andshewasevenimprisonedinamentalhospitalasamentalpatient.Christinethenrealizedthatmanyofthewomentherewereimprisonedforopposingthepoliceandwouldonlybereleasediftheypromisednottocauseanymoretrouble.Fortunately,ChristinehadthesupportofPastorGustavBriegleb,whohadalwayshatedthepolice.HehelpedChristinetransformfromahelplesswomanintoafighterwhostoodincourtandconfrontedtheLosAngelespolice.Ontheotherhand,thewhereaboutsofhersongraduallybecameclearwiththearrestofapsychopathickiller.Hersonhadachancetoescape,butheresolutelyreturnedtothekiller’sfarmtohelpanotherfallenpartner,andfromthenon,therewasnonewsofhim.Christinespentherentirelifesearchingforherson,butsheneverfoundhimuntilherdeath.Thistruestoryfilledwithadversityandcouragewasadaptedintoaclassicsuspensefilmin2008.4.WhatwastheinitialresponseofthepolicewhenChristinereportedhersonmissing?A.Theyimmediatelybegansearchingforthechild.B.Theydeclinedtoacceptthereportwithinoneday.C.TheyquestionedChristine’smentalstate.D.Theyprovidedafullinvestigationfromthestart.5.WhydidChristinebelievetheboypresentedtoherbythepolicewasnotherson?A.Becausehedidn’tlooklikeherphysically.B.Becausehedidn’trecognizeherimmediately.C.Becausesomeofhisphysicalfeaturesdidn’tfit.D.Becausethepolicechieftoldhershemightnotrecognizehim.6.WhatwasthefateofChristineaftersheinsistedthattheboywasnotherson?A.Shewaspraised. B.Shewasreleased.C.Shewasimprisoned. D.Shewassupported.7.WhatcanbeinferredaboutChristine’ssonfromthepassage?A.Hemanagedtoescapefromthepsychopathickillerandlivedahappylife.B.Hebravelyreturnedtohelpanothervictim,buthisfateremainedunknown.C.HewaseventuallyfoundaliveandreunitedwithChristine.D.Hehadbeenlivingwiththekillerallalong,unawareofhistrueidentity.【答案】4.B5.C6.C7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个真实的故事，一位母亲因儿子失踪而与警方产生的一系列互动和斗争，以及她坚持不懈地寻找儿子的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thepolicefirstrefusedtoacceptthereportwithin24hours,andthenthecasemadelittleprogress.(警方最初在24小时内拒绝受理报案，之后案件也几乎没有进展。)”可知，警方最初在24小时内拒绝接受报案，即一天内拒绝接受报案。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“However,basedontheboy’sheight,circumcisionstatus,andthejudgmentsofdentistsandteachers,Christinewasconvincedthatthechildwasdefinitelynothers.(然而，根据男孩的身高、是否接受过包皮手术以及牙医和老师的判断，Christine确信这个孩子绝对不是她的。)”可知，Christine是根据男孩的某些身体特征不符合而认定警方交给她的男孩不是她儿子。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Shehopedthatthepolicewouldcontinuetosearchforherson,butherrequestwasrejected,andshewasevenimprisonedinamentalhospitalasamentalpatient.(她希望警方能继续寻找她的儿子，但她的请求被拒绝，甚至还被当作精神病患者关进了精神病院。)”可知，Christine的请求被拒绝，甚至还被当作精神病患者关进了精神病院。这等同于说她被囚禁了。故选C。7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Hersonhadachancetoescape,butheresolutelyreturnedtothekiller’sfarmtohelpanotherfallenpartner,andfromthenon,therewasnonewsofhim.(她的儿子有机会逃脱，但他毅然决然地回到杀手的农场去帮助另一个倒下的同伴，从此之后，就再也没有了他的消息。)”可知，Christine的儿子勇敢地回去帮助另一个受害者，但他的命运仍然未知。故选B。CI’vestartedtohatetraveling.Whenmyfriendsheardmesaythat,theywereallshockedandconfused,becauseI’manabsolutetravelfanatic.It’snotthatIdisliketravelingitself;rather,Idislikethenewdefinitionthatmodernpeoplehavegiventoit,afundamentallyflawedunderstandingoftourism.WhatIhatemostduringeverytripishearing,“Thisplaceisperfectforphotos,takeafewforme.”Itseemsourtravelshavebecomenothingmorethancheck-insandphotosessions.Travelingisnolongeraboutadmiringscenery,marvelingatthemagnificentlandscapesofourmotherland,orexperiencingnewlifestyles.Instead,Iseecrowdsofpeoplesnappingpicturesandcheckingofflocations,hardlyanyonepausingtogenuinelysoakinthesightsandexperienceswiththeirowneyesandhearts.Theoncepoeticjourneyhastransformedintotheso-calledmoderntraveltrilogy:approach,photograph,leave.Thesolepurposeoftravelingnowseemstobepostingonsocialmedia,showingofftoeveryone,andimmersingoneselfinaworldconstructedsolelybyone’sownposts.Thegoaloftravelinghasshiftedtomerelyvisitingcheck-inspotsandcompletingthetaskof“checkingin”.Travelhaschanged,andsohavemanyaspectsofourlives.Weexperiencetoolittlegenuinejoywithin.I’veaskedmystudentswhytheystudy,andalmostallofthemanswerthatit’stobeadmittedintoagooduniversity,seekagoodjob,andearnalotofmoney.Idon’tthinkthesearewrongorevenunnecessaryaspirations,butwhereisourinnerhappinessandpeace?Whenwillwebeabletotravelforthesakeoftraveling,tolearnforthesakeoflearning,togoshoppingforthesakeofgoingshoppingandtopreserveourauthenticity?Afterall,wearehumanbeings.Howmanyofusarelivingday-to-day,goingthroughthemotions,turninglifeintoachore,amereexistence?Westillhave“poetryanddistanthorizons”topursue.Wemuststriveforwhattrulydefinesusashuman,orwerisklosingourhumanity.8.Whichofthefollowingwordcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“fanatic”inparagraph1?A.Journalist. B.Psychologist. C.Enthusiast. D.Artist.9.Whatistheauthor’smainreasonforhatingtravelingnowadays?A.Theinconvenienceofmoderntransportation. B.Theincreasingcostoftraveling.C.Theovercrowdingoftouristattractions. D.Theshiftinpeople’sperceptionoftraveling.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthe“moderntraveltrilogy”?A.Favorable. B.Disapproving. C.Indifferent. D.Ambiguous.11.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthepassage?A.Theauthorregretsbecomingatravelfanatic.B.Modernsocietyhaslosttouchwithgenuineexperiences.C.Travelingisnolongeranenjoyableactivity.D.Thepurposeoftravelinghasshiftedtosocialmedia.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论了作者对现代旅行目的与方式的不满，并探讨了人们在现代社会中缺乏真实体验的问题。【8题详解】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“I’vestartedtohatetraveling.Whenmyfriendsheardmesaythat,theywereallshockedandconfused(我开始讨厌旅行了。当我的朋友们听到我这么说时，他们都很震惊和困惑)”说明朋友对作者讨厌旅行的说法感到震惊和困惑，因为作者非常热爱旅行，从而推知“becauseI’manabsolutetravelfanatic(因为我是一个绝对的旅行fanatic)”中划线词fanatic应为“狂热者，爱好者”的意思，与C项同义。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“It’snotthatIdisliketravelingitself;rather,Idislikethenewdefinitionthatmodernpeoplehavegiventoit,afundamentallyflawedunderstandingoftourism.(并不是我不喜欢旅行本身；相反，我不喜欢现代人给它的新定义，这是对旅游业的一种根本错误的理解。)”和第二段“Travelingisnolongeraboutadmiringscenery,marvelingatthemagnificentlandscapesofourmotherland,orexperiencingnewlifestyles.Instead,Iseecrowdsofpeoplesnappingpicturesandcheckingofflocations,hardlyanyonepausingtogenuinelysoakinthesightsandexperienceswiththeirowneyesandhearts.Theoncepoeticjourneyhastransformedintotheso-calledmoderntraveltrilogy:approach,photograph,leave.Thesolepurposeoftravelingnowseemstobepostingonsocialmedia,showingofftoeveryone,andimmersingoneselfinaworldconstructedsolelybyone’sownposts.Thegoaloftravelinghasshiftedtomerelyvisitingcheck-inspotsandcompletingthetaskof‘checkingin’.(旅行不再是欣赏风景，惊叹祖国的壮丽景色，或者体验新的生活方式。相反，我看到的是一大群人在拍照和查看地点，几乎没有人停下来真正沉浸在他们自己的眼睛和心灵的风景和经历中。曾经诗意的旅程已经变成了所谓的现代旅行三部曲：走近，拍照，离开。现在旅行的唯一目的似乎就是在社交媒体上发帖子，向大家炫耀，让自己沉浸在一个完全由自己的帖子构建的世界里。旅行的目的已经转变为仅仅是参观签到点，完成‘签到’的任务。)”可知，作者现在讨厌旅行的主要原因是人们对旅行观念的转变。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“It’snotthatIdisliketravelingitself;rather,Idislikethenewdefinitionthatmodernpeoplehavegiventoit,afundamentallyflawedunderstandingoftourism.(并不是我不喜欢旅行本身;相反，我不喜欢现代人给它的新定义，这是对旅游业的一种根本错误的理解。)”以及第二段中“Theoncepoeticjourneyhastransformedintotheso-calledmoderntraveltrilogy:approach,photograph,leave.Thesolepurposeoftravelingnowseemstobepostingonsocialmedia,showingofftoeveryone,andimmersingoneselfinaworldconstructedsolelybyone’sownposts.Thegoaloftravelinghasshiftedtomerelyvisitingcheck-inspotsandcompletingthetaskof‘checkingin’.(曾经诗意的旅程已经变成了所谓的现代旅行三部曲：走近，拍照，离开。现在旅行的唯一目的似乎就是在社交媒体上发帖子，向大家炫耀，让自己沉浸在一个完全由自己的帖子构建的世界里。旅行的目的已经转变为仅仅是参观签到点，完成‘签到’的任务。)”可知，作者对“现代旅行三部曲”持不赞成的态度。故选B项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thesolepurposeoftravelingnowseemstobepostingonsocialmedia,showingofftoeveryone,andimmersingoneselfinaworldconstructedsolelybyone’sownposts.Thegoaloftravelinghasshiftedtomerelyvisitingcheck-inspotsandcompletingthetaskof‘checkingin’.(现在旅行的唯一目的似乎就是在社交媒体上发帖子，向大家炫耀，让自己沉浸在一个完全由自己的帖子构建的世界里。旅行的目的已经转变为仅仅是参观签到点，完成‘签到’的任务。)”可知，作者在文章中暗示了旅行的目的已经转向了社交媒体。故选D项。DThreeyoungAmericanmenwereonacrowdedtrainwhentheyencounteredaheavilyarmedterrorist.Withlittleregardfortheirpersonalsafety,theyrushedtheterroristandcontrolledhim.Onlysomepeopleseemcapableofthissplit-secondformofheroism.Whysomemenrisetotheoccasion—andothersdon’t—hasbeenabittrickytoexplain.Psychologistshaveexploredthisquestionthroughbiologicalandpersonalitypsychology.Ofcourse,heroismandcouragecanappearinmanyforms,andmenandwomenrisktheirreputations,health,andsocialstandingtodowhattheythinkisright.Whenitcomestophysicallyriskybravery,peopleassumethatmenwilltakethelead.Therearesoundbiologicalreasonsforthisfixedimage.Oneofthemostcommonfearsinmenisthatthey’llbeoutedasacoward(懦夫),andamanwhofailstodisplayphysicalcouragewillsufferdamagetohisreputationinawaythatawomanwillnot.Throughouthumanhistory,attainingapositionofhighstatusordominanceamongone’speers(同龄人)hasbeentheticketthatneedstogetpunchedformentoattractmatesandfatherchildren.Peopletendtohaveanideaofwhatheroesarelike.Whenratingthepersonalitiesofmovieheroes,participantsexpectedthemtobemorecarefulandhard-working,opentoexperience,agreeable,andemotionallystablethantheaverageperson!Butsomestudiesindicatethatpeoplewhoexhibitheroicbehaviorscorehighonpersonalityusuallyassociatedwithmadmen:risk-taking,sensationseeking,coolnessunderstress,andatendencytotakeoverinsocialsituations.Thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenpersonalityandheroismisatanearlystage.Psychologistsarestillatalosstopredictinadvancewhowillheroicallystepupwhenneeded.Often,theheroisanotherwiseordinarypersonwhofindshimselfinextraordinarycircumstances.Meanwhile,someindividualstrainedtobehaveheroicallymighthesitateduringacrisis.Futuredisasterswillcryoutforfurtheractsoftrueheroism.Hopefully,therightmixofcircumstancesandpersonalitiesenablecouragetocarrytheday.12.Howisthetopicintroducedinthefirstparagraph?A.Bygivinganexample. B.Bypresentingaconcept.C.Byexplainingatheory. D.Bydrawingaconclusion.13.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getpunched”inparagraph2mean?A.Bepurchased. B.Begifted. C.Beobtained. D.Beabandoned.14.Whyisitdifficulttopredictwhowillactheroicallyinacrisis?A.Heroesandordinarypeoplearealwaysdifficulttotellapart.B.Heroismisaphenomenoninfluencedbynumerousfactors.C.Unknowncircumstancesplayacrucialroleinheroicacts.D.Individualpersonalityisnotareliableindicatorofheroism15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowAreHeroesTrained? B.WhoAretheTrueHeroes?CWhyAreHeroesEssential? D.WhatMakesaPersonHeroic?【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“为什么有些人在关键时刻能展现出英勇行为，而有些人却不能”这一主题进行论述，探讨了英勇行为的多种表现形式、生物学原因、与个性的关系以及研究的现状和未来展望。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“ThreeyoungAmericanmenwereonacrowdedtrainwhentheyencounteredaheavilyarmedterrorist.Withlittleregardfortheirpersonalsafety,theyrushedtheterroristandcontrolledhim.Onlysomepeopleseemcapableofthissplit-secondformofheroism.Whysomemenrisetotheoccasion—andothersdon’t—hasbeenabittrickytoexplain.(三名年轻的美国男子在一列拥挤的火车上遇到了一名全副武装的恐怖分子。他们不顾个人安危，冲向恐怖分子并将其控制。只有一些人似乎能在这种千钧一发之际展现出英勇行为。为什么有些人能在关键时刻挺身而出，而有些人却不能，这个问题一直难以解释。)”可知，在第一段中，作者通过描述三名年轻美国男子在火车上遇到恐怖分子并控制其的情境，为文章的主题——英勇行为的出现——提供了一个具体的例子。这种引入方式是通过实际事件或场景来吸引读者，并引导读者进入文章的主题。故选A。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“Throughouthumanhistory,attainingapositionofhighstatusordominanceamongone’speers(同龄人)hasbeentheticketthatneedstogetpunchedformentoattractmatesandfatherchildren.(在人类历史上，在同龄人中获得高地位或支配地位一直是男性吸引伴侣和繁衍后代……的“门票”。)”可知，男性需要“门票”来吸引伴侣和繁衍后代，这里“ticket”比喻为达到某个目的所需的条件或资格，而“getpunched”则比喻为“获得”这个条件或资格。选项A“Bepurchased(被购买)”；选项B“Begifted(被赠送)”；选项C“Beobtained(被获得)”；选项D“Beabandoned(被放弃)”。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Psychologistsarestillatalosstopredictinadvancewhowillheroicallystepupwhenneeded.Often,theheroisanotherwiseordinarypersonwhofindshimselfinextraordinarycircumstances.Meanwhile,someindividualstrainedtobehaveheroicallymighthesitateduringacrisis.Futuredisasterswillcryoutforfurtheractsoftrueheroism.Hopefully,therightmixofcircumstancesandpersonalitiesenablecouragetocarrytheday.(心理学家仍然无法提前预测谁会在需要时英勇地挺身而出。通常，英雄只是一个在非凡情况下发现自己身处其中的普通人。同时，一些接受过英勇行为训练的人在危机时刻可能会犹豫不决。未来的灾难将呼唤更多的真正英勇行为。希望合适的情境和个性的结合能让勇气战胜一切。)”可知，英勇行为并不是由单一因素决定的，而是受多种因素影响的。此外，虽然个性与英勇行为之间有关系，但研究仍处于初级阶段，且有些受过英勇行为训练的人在危机时刻也可能会犹豫。因此，很难根据个性或其他单一因素来预测谁在危机中会表现出英勇行为。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Whysomemenrisetotheoccasion—andothersdon’t—hasbeenabittrickytoexplain.Psychologistshaveexploredthisquestionthroughbiologicalandpersonalitypsychology.(为什么有些人能在关键时刻挺身而出，而有些人却不能，这个问题一直难以解释。心理学家已通过生物学和个性心理学对这个问题进行了探究。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要探讨了是什么因素促使一些人在关键时刻展现出英勇行为，而其他人却不能。它涉及了英勇行为的多种表现形式、生物学原因、与个性的关系以及研究的现状和未来展望。因此，文章的核心是探讨是什么造就了英雄，即是什么因素促使人们表现出英勇行为。选项D“WhatMakesaPersonHeroic?(是什么造就了英雄？)”准确地概括了文章的主题和核心内容。故选D。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MastertheABCTheory:ChangeYourCognitionandSayGoodbyetoNegativeEmotions“WhyamIsostupid?Ididsopoorlythistime.I’mdefinitelygoingtofailinthefutureexamstoo.I’mrankedsolowthistimeandI’mreallyfinished.MyEnglishscoreisonlyaround110,soterribleandIcan’tkeepstudying”___16___Ifso,whynotgiveABCtheoryatryandletyourselfdeeplyunderstandyouremotionalandbehavioralreactions,soyoucanmakeachange!TheABCTheoryinpsychologicaltheoriesisafundamentalconceptwithinCognitiveBehavioralTherapy(CBT),firstintroducedbyAmericanpsychologistAlbertEllisinthe1950s.Thistheoryprimarilyservestoexplainhowhumanemotionsandbehaviorsareinfluencedbyourcognitionsandinterpretationsofevents.___17___A(ActivatingEvent):Referstothespecificeventorsituationexperiencedbyanindividual,servingasthedirectexternalstimulusthattriggerssubsequentreactions.B(Belief):Containsanindividual’sinterpretation,evaluation,andbeliefsregardingtheactivatingevent,includingtheircorebeliefsandautomaticthoughtsinspecificcontexts.C(Consequence):Denotesthebehavioral,andpsychologicaloutcomesresultingfromthesebeliefs.___18___TheABCTheoryemphasizesthatitisnottheactivatingeventitself(A)butratheranindividual’sbeliefsandinterpretationsoftheseevents(B)thatgiverisetotheiremotionalandbehavioraloutcomes(C).___19___Bychallenging,andalteringtheseirrationalbeliefs,emotionalandbehavioralimprovementscanbeachieved.Sowhenfacingemotionaldistress,youcanregulateyouremotionsbyadjustingyourcognitivepatterns—alteringyourbeliefsorperspectivesoneventstomanageyouremotions.___20___A.Arethesebeliefscommonforyou?B.Areyouconfidentandpositiveaboutyourcircumstances?C.TheseexamplesalldemonstratetheapplicationofABCtheoryindailylife.D.Differentbeliefsleadtovaryingemotionalresponsesandbehavioralconsequences.E.BelowisanexplanationoftheABCTheory:F.Thus,Ellisbelievedthatmostpsychologicalproblemsstemfromirrationalbeliefs.G.Whatareyouwaitingfor?Whynotgiveitatry?【答案】16.A17.E18.D19.F20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ABC理论，即认知行为疗法中的一个基本概念，旨在帮助人们理解情绪和行为反应，并通过改变认知来改善情绪和行为。【16题详解】上文““WhyamIsostupid?Ididsopoorlythistime.I’mdefinitelygoingtofailinthefutureexamstoo.I’mrankedsolowthistimeandI’mreallyfinished.MyEnglishscoreisonlyaround110,soterribleandIcan’tkeepstudying”(“我为什么这么笨？我这次考得这么差。我未来的考试也一定会失败。我这次排名这么低，我真的完了。我的英语成绩只有110分左右，太可怕了，我不能继续学习了”)”提到了一系列负面的自我评价和情绪，A选项“Arethesebeliefscommonforyou?