2024秋新教材高中英语Unit11ConflictandCompromise单元测试北师大版选择性必修第四册

PAGEPAGE1UNIT11CONFLICTANDCOMPROMISE(满分：120分建议用时：120分钟)第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2．5分，满分37．5分)AInanygivenweek,aboutfourdozenkidsvisitDr.DavidAbramson’spreschool-likeclinicatMemorialSloanKetteringCancerCenterinNewYorkCity.Andwhilemostofthemarebarelyoldenoughtospeak,becauseofDr.Abramsonandthegroundbreakingmedicalprocedurehehascreatedforarareandpotentiallydeadlyeyecancercalledretinoblastoma,theycansee.Inthepast,ifthecancerdidn’trespondwelltothen-availabletreatments,survivalrequiredremovingthecancerouseye.Theparents,however,willoftenchoosetolettheirchildrendiewiththeireyesintactratherthanlivewithoutthem.“Thiswasatransformationalchangeinourfield，”saysDr.Abramson,whobeganusingthetechniquein2006．“Overnight,wewentfromtakingoutchildren’seyestonottakingoutchildren’seyes.”Butthere’sanaspectofthetechniquethatDr.Abramsondoesn’ttalkaboutmuch,eventhoughitisasinspirationalasthetechniqueitself.Herefusedtopatentit.Pursuingapatent,hefeared,wouldhavemeantthetechniquewouldbekeptsecretforalongperiodoftimewhilethepaperworkwasapprovedbytheU．S.TrademarkandPatentOffice(USPTO).Inthemeantime,untoldnumbersofchildrenwouldhavesufferedandperhapsdied.Patentexpertswouldn’tmakeaguessonexactlyhowmuchmoneyDr.AbramsonleftontheTablebynotpatentinghisprocedure.Butthepurposeofamedicalprocedurepatentisthatitallowsadoctortoprofitbyteachingotherstoperformtheprocedure.“IwantpeopletoknowthatwhenIdosomething,it’sfrommyscientificheart,notbecauseIhaveanyfinancialbenefit，”hesays.“Andultimately,ourgoalistohelpchildren.Ourdrivingforceinthisisnottomakemoney.”()1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto?A．Eyes. B．Parents.C．Children. D．Treatments.()2．Whydidn’tDr.Abramsongetthetechniquepatented?A．Hefearedthatthetechniquemightbekeptsecretforever.B．Hedidn’tliketheideaofteachingothersaboutthetechnique.C．Theapplicationprocessmeantmanysufferingsandevendeaths.D．Theapplicationprocesswouldrequiretoomuchmoneyandtime.()3．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisarticle?A．Tointroduceaneyecancer.B．TogivecredittoDr.Abramson.C．Torecommendanevolutionarycure.D．Toshowthedifficultyofapatentapplication.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。Dr.DavidAbramson首创的眼科动脉化疗技术能够使儿童削减眼部癌症带来的苦痛甚至死亡，但是他拒绝将该技术申请独创专利来盈利。1．A代词指代题。依据画线词所在句“Theparents,however,willoftenchoosetolettheirchildrendiewiththeireyesintactratherthanlivewithoutthem.”可知，然而，父母通常会选择让他们的孩子带着完整的眼睛死去，而不是没有它们活下去。由此可知，划线词them指代的是眼睛。故选A项。2．C细微环节理解题。依据第四段中“Pursuingapatent,hefeared,wouldhavemeantthetechniquewouldbekeptsecretforalongperiodoftimewhilethepaperworkwasapprovedbytheU．S.TrademarkandPatentOffice(USPTO)．Inthemeantime,untoldnumbersofchildrenwouldhavesufferedandperhapsdied.”可知，他担忧，申请专利将意味着该技术将在美国商标和专利局批准文书工作期间长期保密。在此期间，多数的儿童将遭遇苦痛甚至死亡。由此可知，Dr.DavidAbramson拒绝申请专利的缘由是申请专利过程意味着很多儿童将遭遇苦痛甚至死亡。故选C项。3．B推理推断题。通读全文可知，文章先是介绍了Dr.DavidAbramson首创的眼科动脉化疗技术，但第四段的But是一个信号词，从第四段起先，作者讲解并描述Dr.DavidAbramson不申请专利，他选择放弃利润。作者引用他的话：“我希望人们知道，当我做某件事时，是出于科学考虑，而不是因为任何的经济利益。我们的最终目标是帮助儿童，不是为了赚钱。”由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了赞扬Dr.DavidAbramson。故选B项。BKatiealwaysknewshewantedtobeaperformer.ShewasfondofDisneymoviesfromanearlyageandwouldoftensingalongwithhermom,Karen.WhenKatiewasnineyearsold,herhappychildhoodtookaturnwhenhermotherwasdiagnosedwithcancer.WhenthedoctorinformedtheWhetsellfamilythatKaren’sdiseasewasterminal,theymadeadecision.DisneyWorldhadbeenalongtimedreamvacationforKaren.SoinNovember1997,thefamilypackedupandheadedtoDisneyWorld.Katiesaysshe’llneverforgetthemomentthatchangedherlifeonthattrip:Afteralongdayattheparks,theWhetsellsdecidedtoseeoneofDisneyWorld’smanynightlylightshows.Whilewatching,aDisneycastmemberperformingintheparadecameuptohermomandrestedherhandonKaren’sshoulder.Theyexchangedsmilesand,tothisday,Katierememberedhowatpeacehermomlooked.Thewholefamilywastouchedandmovedtotears.ThiswasthedayKatiedecidedshewantedtoworkforDisney.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Katiewentontopursueperformingforaliving.Shestruggledforyears,workingasawaitressandtryingtomakeitasanactor.HerhardworkandpassionfinallypaidoffwhenshewashiredtoworkonDisneyCruiseLinesin2009．Katie’sfavouritefriendintheDisneyWorldisDoryin“FindingNemotheMusical”.ShesaysthatDoryhastaughtherthevalueoflivinginthepresentmomentandto“justkeepswimming.”Katiehasneverlostsightofthefactthatsheandotherswhoworkforthecompanybringjoytothelivesofmanyeveryday.“Everythingwedoattheparksmakesadifferencetomanyfamilies.It’sawayforustohelpthemforget.It’samazingtobeabletocomfortothers.”WhenaskedwhathermotherwouldthinkofherworkingatDisneyWorld,shetakesadeepbreathandallowsthetearstoflow.“Ijustfeellikeshe’dbesoproud.IcanfeelherpresenceoftenandIfeelherhavingapartinwhatIdo.It’sperfect.”()4．WhydidtheWhetsellfamilydecidetogotoDisneyWorldinNovember1997?A．TheDisneyWorldhasalwaysbeenagoodplaceforvacation.B．KarenwasseriouslyillandDisneyWorldwaswhatshehaddreamedfor.C．TheWhetsellfamilywereallfondofDisneycharacters.D．KatiealwayswantedtogototheDisneyWorldtobeaperformer.()5．WhathappenedduringtheDisneytripthatchangedKatie’slife?A．Katietookpartintheparadeperformanceandrealizedherdream.B．Thewholefamilyenjoyedthemselvesinthenightlylightshows.C．AperformerintheDisneyparadebroughtcomforttohermom.D．Karenwasinvitedtoperformwithcastmembersandshefeltsatisfied.()6．What’sthepurposetomentionKatie’sfavouritefriendDory?A．ToinformusmoreofKatie’sstrugglinglife.B．TointroduceanotherDisneycharacternamedDory.C．ToimplyKatie’sunderstandingoflife.D．Totellustheimportancetokeepgoing.()7．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeKatie’spersonality?A．Intelligentandindustrious. B．Diligentanddependent.C．Selflessandsympathetic. D．Persistentandpositive.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了从小对迪士尼电影着迷的凯蒂·惠特塞尔，在九岁时，因为母亲病重一家人确定去迪士尼度过一段幻想的假期。这让凯蒂有了一个新的幻想，就是为迪士尼工作，在为迪士尼工作的10年期间里，凯蒂的工作就是给来自世界各地的家庭带来快乐。在2003年，母亲去世后，凯蒂接着追求自己的演艺生涯，经过一番努力，最终取得了胜利。4．B细微环节理解题。依据其次段中“WhenKatiewasnineyearsold,herhappychildhoodtookaturnwhenhermotherwasdiagnosedwithcancer.WhenthedoctorinformedtheWhetsellfamilythatKaren’sdiseasewasterminal,theymadeadecision.”可知，当凯蒂九岁时，她快乐的童年发生了变更，因为她的母亲被诊断出癌症。当医生告知惠特塞尔一家卡伦的病已经是晚期时，他们做了一个确定。由此可知，惠特塞尔一家确定在1997年11月去迪士尼乐园是因为卡伦病得很重，迪士尼乐园是她梦寐以求的地方。故选B项。5．C细微环节理解题。依据其次段中“Whilewatching,aDisneycastmemberperformingintheparadecameuptohermomandrestedherhandonKaren’sshoulder.Theyexchangedsmilesand,tothisday,Katierememberedhowatpeacehermomlooked.Thewholefamilywastouchedandmovedtotears.”可知，在观看的过程中，一名迪士尼演员在游行队伍中表演，她走到妈妈面前，把手放在卡伦的肩膀上。他们交换着微笑，直到今日，凯蒂还记得她妈妈看上去是多么安详。全家人都感动得流下了眼泪。由此可知，迪士尼游行中的一名表演者给她妈妈带来了劝慰，变更了凯蒂的生活。故选C项。6．C推理推断题。依据第三段中“ShesaysthatDoryhastaughtherthevalueoflivinginthepresentmomentandto’justkeepswimming.’”可知，她说，多莉教会了她活在当下的价值，让她“始终游下去”。由此可推知，提到凯蒂最喜爱的挚友是多莉的目的在于示意凯蒂对生活的理解。故选C。7．D推理推断题。依据最终一段中“Katiehasneverlostsightofthefactthatsheandotherswhoworkforthecompanybringjoytothelivesofmanyeveryday.”可知，凯蒂从未遗忘，她和其他在公司工作的人每天都给很多人的生活带来快乐。结合文章记叙了从小对迪士尼电影着迷的凯蒂·惠特塞尔，在九岁时，因为母亲病重一家人确定去迪士尼度过一段幻想的假期。这让凯蒂有了一个新的幻想，就是为迪士尼工作，在为迪士尼工作的10年期间里，凯蒂的工作就是给来自世界各地的家庭带来快乐。在2003年，母亲去世后，凯蒂接着追求自己的演艺生涯，经过一番努力，最终取得了胜利。由此可推知，凯蒂的特性是执着和主动的。故选D项。CFromtalkingrobotsandvideophonestoroversonMars,technologyhasbecomesoadvancedthatthepreviouslyimpossibleseemstooccuronadailybasis.Andyet—westillhavenocureforthecommoncold.Whycan’twestopthecommoncold?AccordingtoPeterBarlow,ascientistatEdinburghNapierUniversityintheUK,themainchallengeliesinmanydifferenttypesofcoldvirusesthatareproducedbytherhinoviruses(鼻病毒).Thereareatleast160types.Theymutate(突变)soeasilythattheyquicklybecomeresistanttodrugs,orlearntohidefromourimmunesystems.Inotherwords,asinglecureisn’tlikelytoworkoneverytypeofcold.However,researchersfromStanfordUniversityandtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,havefoundapossibleanswer.Theydiscoveredaproteinthatthevirusesneed.Withoutit,theycan’tspreadinsideyourbody.Toidentifythegenewhichproducesthespecificproteinneededbytheviruses,researchersusedagene-editingtechniquetotestallgenesinthehumangenomeonebyoneforthousandsofcells.Thesemodified(变更的)cellswerethenexposedtoarangeofenteroviruses(肠道病毒),includingtherhinoviruseswhichcausethecommoncold.Alltheviruseswereunabletoreplicate(复制)insidecellswithoutagenethatproducesaspecificprotein,calledmethyltransferaseSETD3．Then,theytestedgeneticallymodifiedmice,whichwerecompletelyunabletoproducetheprotein.Themicewereabletolivehealthy,normalliveswithouttheprotein.“Lackingthatgeneprotectedthemicecompletelyfromviralinfection.”associateprofessorJanCarette,fromStanford,toldtheBBC．“Thesemicewouldalwaysdie,buttheysurvivedandwesawaverystrongreductioninviralreplicationandverystrongprotection.”Carettesaidtheplanistofindadrugwhichcantemporarilysuppress(抑制)theprotein,insteadofproducinggeneticallymodifiedhumans.“Wehaveidentifiedafantastictargetthatallenterovirusesandrhinovirusesrequireanddependon.Takethatawayandthevirusreallyhasnochance，”saidCarette.“Thisisareallygoodfirststep—thesecondstepistohaveachemicalthatmimics(模拟)thisgeneticdeletion，”headded.()8．WhatdoesPeterBarlowthinkisthemainproblemforpreventionofthecommoncold?A．Theslowmutationofsomegenes.B．Thefastspeedatwhichrhinovirusesspread.C．Theharmrhinovirusesdototheimmunesystem.D．Thewidevarietyofcoldvirusescreatedbyrhinoviruses.()9．Whatcanwelearnabouttheproteinneededbytheviruses?A．Ithelpsthevirusesreplicateinsideourbodies.B．Itallowsthevirusestomutateeasily.C．Ithelpsthevirusesbecomeresistanttodrugs.D．Itacceleratesthespeedatwhichthevirusesspread.()10．Whatdidtheresearchersdiscoverintheirgene-editingstudy?A．Geneticallymodifiedmicediedbecausetheylackedtheprotein.B．Themodifiedcellsseemedtoprotectthemiceagainstviralinfections.C．MoremethyltransferaseSETD3wasproducedafterthecellsweremodified.D．Thegene-editingtechniquewasmoreeffectiveagainstenterovirusesthanrhinoviruses.()11．Whatdotheresearchersmostprobablydonext,accordingtoCarette?A．Conductexperimentsongeneticallymodifiedhumans.B．Identifyadrugthatcanhelpreducetheprotein.C．Applythisgene-editingtechniquetocontrolotherviruses.D．Findachemicalthatcancureallenterovirusesandrhinoviruses.【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲了为什么一般感冒没有很好的治愈方法是因为鼻病毒产生的很多不同类型的感冒病毒，而病毒的传播须要特定的蛋白质，为了确定产生病毒所需特定蛋白质的基因，探讨人员运用基因编辑技术，对人类基因组中的数千个细胞逐一进行基因测试。由此提出了一种新型的预防一般感冒的方法。8．D细微环节理解题。依据其次段中“AccordingtoPeterBarlow,ascientistatEdinburghNapierUniversityintheUK,themainchallengeliesinmanydifferenttypesofcoldvirusesthatareproducedbytherhinoviruses(鼻病毒)．Thereareatleast160types.Theymutate(突变)soeasilythattheyquicklybecomeresistanttodrugs,orlearntohidefromourimmunesystems.Inotherwords,asinglecureisn’tlikelytoworkoneverytypeofcold.”可知，据英国爱丁堡纳皮尔高校的科学家PeterBarlow称，主要的挑战在于由鼻病毒产生的很多不同类型的感冒病毒。它们至少有160种。它们很简单变异，很快就会对药物产生抗药性，或者学会躲避我们的免疫系统。换句话说，单一的治疗方法不行能对全部类型的感冒都有效。由此可知，PeterBarlow认为预防一般感冒的主要问题是搞清由鼻病毒产生的各种各样的感冒病毒。故选D项。9．A细微环节理解题。依据第三段中“Theydiscoveredaproteinthatthevirusesneed.Withoutit,theycan’tspreadinsideyourbody.”可知，他们发觉了病毒须要的一种蛋白质。没有它，它们就不能在你体内扩散。由此可知，病毒所需的蛋白质帮助病毒在我们体内复制。故选A项。10．B细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段中“’Lackingthatgeneprotectedthemicecompletelyfromviralinfection.’associateprofessorJanCarette,fromStanford,toldtheBBC.”可知，“缺乏这种基因爱护老鼠完全免受病毒感染。”斯坦福高校副教授JanCarette告知BBC。由此可知，探讨人员在基因编辑探讨中发觉修改后的细胞似乎可以爱护老鼠免受病毒感染。故选B项。11．B推理推断题。依据最终一段中“Carettesaidtheplanistofindadrugwhichcantemporarilysuppress(抑制)theprotein,insteadofproducinggeneticallymodifiedhumans.”可知Carette说，他们的安排是找到一种可以短暂抑制这种蛋白质的药物，而不是制造转基因人类。由此可推知，依据Carette的探讨，探讨人员接下来最有可能确定一种可以帮助削减蛋白质的药物。故选B项。DAnewdeviceworkslikeasolarpanel,exceptthatitdoesn’tharvestenergyfromthesun.Itabsorbsenergyfromthecoldnightsky.Aprototype(原型)ofthedeviceproducedenoughelectricityatnighttopowerasmalllightbulb.Abiggerversionmightonedaylightroomsorchargephones.Italsocouldpowerelectronicsinremoteorlow-resourceareasthatlackelectricity.ThedevicemakesuseofthetemperaturedifferencebetweenEarthandouterspace.Itthenusesthatdifferencetocreateelectricity.Aslongasonesideofitiscoolerthantheother，thegeneratorcanproduceelectricity.Thecoolersidefacestheskyandisattachedtoanaluminumplate.Thatplateissealedbeneathatransparentcoverandsurroundedwithinsulation(隔热材料)tokeepoutheat.Thebottomofthegeneratorisattachedtoanexposedaluminumplate.Thatplateiswarmedbythelocalair.Atnight，thetopplatecangetacoupleofdegreesCelsiuscoolerthanthebottomofthegenerator.Researcherstesteda20-centimetreprototypeoneclearDecembernightinStanford，California.Thegeneratorproduceduptoabout25milliwattsofpowerpersquaremetreofdevice.Thatwasenoughpowertolightasmalllight-emittingdiode，orLEDbulb.Furtherimprovementsmightincreaseitsproductiontoatleast500milliwattspersquaremetre.Todothat，thesystemmightneedmoreinsulationaroundthecooltopplate.Thedevicealsocouldhelppowerremoteweatherstationsorotherenvironmentaldevices，saysAaswathRaman.HeisamaterialsscientistwhoworkedonthedeviceattheUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles.“Thismaybeusefulinpolarregionsthatdon’tseesunlightformonthsatatime，”Ramansays.“Ifyouhavesomelow-powerloadandyouneedtopoweritthroughthreemonthsofdarkness，thismightbeaway.”()12．Whatcanweknowaboutthenewdevice?A．Itgainsenergyfromthesun. B．It’sbeenwidelyusedinlife.C．Itiscoolerthanasolarpanel. D．It’llbepopularinspecialareas.()13．WhatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinParagraph3?A．Applicationfieldsofthedevice. B．Thedevelopingprocessofthedevice.C．Theworkingprincipleofthedevice. D．Significanteffectsofthedevice.()14．Howcanthedeviceproducemoreelectricity?A．Byputtingmoreinsulationaroundthetopplate.B．Byusingitinextremelycoldandclearnights.C．Byattachingthebottomplatetoawarmplate.D．Bycoveringthetopplatewithatransparentlid.()15．Whatcouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ADeviceUsingtheColdNightSkytoProduceElectricityB．ADeviceBringingNewHopeforThoseintheColdNightC．TheDifferencebetweenaSolarPanelandaNewDeviceD．TheTemperatureDifferenceBetweenEarthandOuterSpace【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项最新的科研独创——反太阳能电池板。它可以从寒冷的夜空中收集能量，然后通过利用地表和远处空间的温差来产生电能。目前的探讨成果是它可以胜利为一只小灯泡供应电能。12．D推理推断题。依据其次段的最终一句“Italsocouldpowerelectronicsinremoteorlow-resourceareasthatlackelectricity.”和最终一段的最终一句“Ifyouhavesomelow-powerloadandyouneedtopoweritthroughthreemonthsofdarkness，thismightbeaway.”可知，这种装置在一些偏远地区或缺电的地区帮助发电；另外，在极地地区数月不见阳光，这种装置可以帮助发电照明。由此可推知，这个新设备在会在一些特别地区受欢迎。故选D项。13．C主旨大意题。依据第三段可知，该装置利用地球和外层空间的温差来发电。只要它的一边比另一边冷，发电机就能发电。较冷的一面面朝天空，与一块铝板相连。那块板被密封在一个透亮的盖子下面，四周有保温材料来阻挡热量。发电机的底部连接在一块暴露的铝板上。那个盘子被当地的空气加热了。晚上，顶板的温度比发电机底部的温度低几摄氏度。由此可推知第三段主要讲了这个设备发电的主要工作原理。故选C项。14．A细微环节理解题。依据第四段最终一句“Todothat，thesystemmightneedmoreinsulationaroundthecooltopplate.”可知，此处Todothat是指前一句“让这装置产生更多的电量”。因此，该装置系统须要在上面的金属板四周安装更多的隔热材料才可以产生更多的电能。故选A项。15．A主旨大意题。文章第一段“Anewdeviceworkslikeasolarpanel，exceptthatitdoesn’tharvestenergyfromthesun.Itabsorbsenergyfromthecoldnightsky.”点明白文章主题，结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项最新的科研独创，这种科技可以从寒冷的夜空中收集能量，然后通过利用地表和远处空间的温差来产生电能。所以短文的最佳标题为“利用寒冷的夜空发电的装置”。故选A项。其次节(共5小题；每小题2．5分，满分12．5分)Ourworldismoreconnectedthaneverbeforethankstotechnology.__16__Indeed,itisbecomingincreasinglyimportantthatwealllearnhowtodealwiththispainfulfeeling.Youshouldbedeterminedtoactivelyendyourloneliness.Weoftenenduppassivelywaitingforsomeoneelsetomakeusfeellesslonely.Youmayfeelthatyourlonelinessindicatesthatnobodyiswillingtoconnectwithyou.Andthereisnothingyoucandoaboutit.Butthatisfarfromthetruth.__17__Youshouldfindreasonswhyyouarelonely.Weallfeellonelyfordifferentreasons.Someofushavenoonetointeractwithonaconsistentbasisandthat’swhywefeellonely.Youmayfeelthatthepeopleinyourlifedon’tshareyourthoughtsandideas.__18__youneedtoidentifyit.Andyouknowexactlyhowtohandleyourloneliness.__19__Peoplewhoarelonelytendtofallintodestructivementalhabits.Theytrytoavoidthepainofnotbeingunderstoodandbeingdisconnectedbynotgivingpeopleanopportunitytounderstandandconnectwiththem.Sothesolutionistoshareyourthoughtsandfeelingswithothersandtodosoopenlyandfearlessly.Youshouldfindpeoplewhoshareyourinterests.__20__everybodyisinterestedinsomething.Andjustastherearemanyinterests,therearemanypeoplewhosharethoseinterests.Findwhatinterestsyouandconnectwithothersonthatbasis.A．Whateverthereasonis，B．Whenyoufeelreallylonely，C．Ifyouwanttomakefriendswiththem，D．Whetherit’scoincollectingorvideogames，E．Youshouldbeopenaboutyourthoughts,ideasanddesires.F．Endinglonelinessissomethingthatyoucanandshouldpursueactively.G．However,moreandmoreofusfindourselveshavingtostandloneliness.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了在现在社会中如何处理孤独感的方法。16．G依据下一句“Indeed,itisbecomingincreasinglyimportantthatwealllearnhowtodealwiththispainfulfeeling.”可知，这里“苦痛的感觉”指代是选项G中的loneliness“孤独感”。故选G项。17．F依据本段第一句“Youshouldbedeterminedtoactivelyendyourloneliness.”可知，此处应选与主动结束孤独有关的选项。故选F项。18．A依据本段第一句“Youshouldfindreasonswhyyouarelonely.”可知，此处应当选与找缘由有关的选项。故选A项。19．E依据本段最终一句“Sothesolutionistoshareyourthoughtsandfeelingswithothersandtodosoopenlyandfearlessly.”可知，此处作为本段主旨句应当选与保持对自己的想法、办法和愿望开放的心态。故选E项。20．D依据本段第一句“Youshouldfindpeoplewhoshareyourinterests.”可知，D选项中coincollectingorvideogames也是爱好。故选D项。其次部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)AsourEarth’stemperaturewarmsupbecauseofclimatechange,itishavingunexpectedeffectsonourworld’sforests.Whentemperaturesrise,treesclosetheirskinsto__21__thelossofwater,andthis,inturn,slowsdownthe__22__ofphotosynthesis(光合作用).Asaresult,thesetreesareshorterandgrowslowly,aswellashavea__23__deathrate.Climatechangealsoincreasesthe__24__ofdroughtsandwildfires.Afterwildfires,ittakesawhilefortheforestsystemsto__25__，andinsomecases,theforestsare__26__permanently.Treesthatarestressedarealso__27__toattacksbybacteria(细菌).Intropicalforests,vinesthatusethetreesas__28__canoftenchokethetreesandrobthemofnutrients.Finally,humanshave__29__theforestlandscapethroughlogging.Whentreesarereplantedonthesoil,theywillnevergrowaslargeasthe__30__treesthatwerecutdown.Astheseforestsdisappear,speciesthatoncecalledthem“home”areforcedtochange,__31__thevarietyofthosesystems.__32__，someendangeredspeciesareunableto__33__anddie.Old-growthforestsaredisappearinginallregionsofourworld.Whenforestsdie,youngerforeststhatarereestablishedinthesameareagrowbackweakerandsmaller__34__poorvegetation.Withtreesdyingincreasinglyandcontinuously,willfuturegenerations__35__outonthewondersofforests?()21．A．protect B．preventC．save D．free()22．A．movement B．situationC．process D．operation()23．A．higher B．firmerC．lighter D．smaller()24．A．choice B．measureC．qualification D．chance()25．A．grow B．rescueC．recover D．decline()26．A．ignored B．lostC．hurt D．left()27．A．accessible B．enjoyableC．acceptable D．favorable()28．A．attention B．commandC．trust D．support()29．A．frightened B．paidC．ruined D．wasted()30．A．common B．originalC．distant D．strong()31．A．affecting B．improvingC．forgetting D．reflecting()32．A．Besides B．SurprisinglyC．Otherwise D．Unfortunately()33．A．devote B．keepC．adapt D．lead()34．A．dueto B．inadditiontoC．insteadof D．inspiteof()35．A．pass B．missC．break D．bring【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白由于气候变更，地球温度上升，导致对森林产生了意想不到的影响。先是温度上升导致树木矮小，生长缓慢，死亡率高；其次，气候变更也增加了干旱和野火的可能性，野火导致了森林的消逝，因此以森林为“家”的物种被迫发生变更，甚至死亡。21．B句意：当温度上升时，树木会将树皮闭合，以防止水分流失，而这反过来又会减慢光合作用的进程。protect爱护；prevent阻挡；save挽救；free释放。依据后文“thelossofwater”可知，树木将树皮闭合是为了阻挡水分的流失。故选B项。22．C句意同上题。movement活动；situation状况；process进程；operation操作。结合上下文语境，树木闭合了树皮来防止水分流失，这反过来又减缓了光合作用的进程(process)。故选C项。23．A句意：因此，这些树较矮，生长缓慢，死亡率也较高。higher更高的；firmer更坚实的；lighter更光明的；smaller更小的。依据上文“thesetreesareshorterandgrowslowly”可知，树木矮小，生长缓慢，所以死亡率也会更高了。故选A项。24．D句意：气候变更也增加了干旱和野火的可能性。choice选择；measure测量；qualification资格；chance可能性，机会。依据后文“Afterwildfires”可知，全球气温上升增加了干旱和野火发生的可能性。故选D项。25．C句意：野火过后，森林系统须要一段时间才能复原，在某些状况下，森林会永久无法复原。grow生长；rescue营救；recover复原；decline下降。结合上文“Afterwildfires,ittakesawhilefortheforestsystemsto…”可知，野火焚烧了森林之后，森林系统须要时间才能复原。故选C项。26．B句意同上题。ignored被忽视的；lost无法复原的；hurt受伤的；left左边的。结合上文可知野火焚烧了森林，森林须要时间来复原，但是某些状况下，森林也可能不能复原了。故选B项。27．A句意：压力大的树木也简单受到细菌的攻击。accessible易接近的；enjoyable快乐的；acceptable可接受的；favourable赞成的。依据后文“toattacksbybacteria”可知，树木也简单受到细菌的攻击。短语beaccessibleto“简单进入的，简单接近的”。故选A项。28．D句意：在热带森林中，以树木为支撑的藤本植物常常令树木窒息，并剥夺树木的养分。attention留意力；command吩咐；trust信任；support支撑，支持。结合上文“vinesthatusethetreesas”可知，藤本植物是以树木为支撑的，故选D项。29．C句意：最终，人类通过伐木，毁坏了森林景观。frightened使胆怯 ；paid支付；ruined毁灭；wasted奢侈。结合后文“theforestlandscapethroughlogging”可知，人类伐木毁坏了森林景观。故选C项。30．B句意：当树木被重新种植在土壤上时，它们恒久不会长得像原来被砍伐的树那么大。common一般的；original原来的；distant遥远的；strong强壮的。结合后文“treesthatwerecutdown”可知，此处指的是，人们新种植的树木，不会长得像原来被砍伐的树那么大了。故选B项。31．A句意：随着这些森林的消逝，曾经把它们称为“家”的物种被迫变更，影响了这些系统的多样性。affecting影响；improving改善；forgetting遗忘；reflecting反射。承接上文“Astheseforestsdisappear,speciesthatoncecalledthem’home’areforcedtochange”可知，森林的消逝，变更了这些物种，也影响了这些物种的多样性。故选A项。32．D句意：不幸的是，一些濒危物种无法适应而死亡。Besides而且；Surprisingly惊人地；Otherwise否则；Unfortunately不幸地。依据后文“someendangeredspeciesareunableto”可知，某些物种很不幸的是，无法适应这些变更，只能死亡。故选D项。33．C句意同上题。devote贡献；keep保持；adapt适应；lead带领。依据上文“speciesthatoncecalledthem’home’areforcedtochange”可知，物种被迫发生变更了，而某些物种无法适应，只能死去。故选C项。34．A句意：当森林死亡时，在同一地区重新建立的年轻森林由于植被不良，而变得更弱更小。dueto因为；inadditionto另外；insteadof而不是；inspiteof尽管。依据后文“poorvegetation”可知，此处指年轻森林由于(dueto)植被不良，而变得更弱更小。故选A项。35．B句意：随着树木不断地死亡，子孙后代会错过森林的奇迹吗？pass通过；miss错过；break打破；bring带来。结合后文“outonthewondersofforests”可知，此处指错过森林的奇迹。短语missout“错过”。故选B项。其次节(共10小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分)EachtimeItaketheundergroundIfindmyself36．________(surround)bydozensofpassengersplayingsmart-phones.Theyalmostwon’tevengiveaglanceattheoutsideworld.Youmaythinkitisnormaltoplaysmart-phones37．________(kill)time.What’sworse,whenItalkwithsomeofmyfriends,theytalkasplaying,whichisreallyan38．________(annoy)．IreallymisstheolddayswhenI39．________(chat)withsomepassengersonthetrain.Nowthingsaredifferent.Everyonejustconcentrates40．________theirsmart-phones.Whentalkingwiththem,41．________seemsthatyouaredisturbingtheirplayingsmart-phones.IcouldnotjustblamethemforIammovingtobeonelikethem.SometimesIjustfeelwe42．________(large)ignoreourneighboursandwanttokeepintouchwith43．________(distance)strangersthroughtheInternet.Wecareaboutthethingsfarawaybutpaynoattentiontotheneedsnearby.44．________ridiculousthesituationis!Inawaywe45．________(control)bysmart-phonesnow.Areyouexperiencingthesamesituationlikeme?Doyouhaveanywaystoavoidthat?【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述的是目前社会上存在的一种现象，到处可以看到每个人都只专注于他们的智能手机，在某种程度上人们被智能手机限制着。36．surrounded考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意：每次我乘坐地铁，我发觉自己被几十名玩智能手机的乘客包围。固定结构：find＋宾语＋宾语补足语。此处myself和surround之间是被动关系，是过去分词作宾语补足语。故填surrounded。37．tokill考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：你可能认为玩智能手机来消磨时间很正常。此处应是玩手机的目的。故填tokill。38．annoyance考查名词。句意：更糟糕的是，当我和我的一些挚友闲聊时，他们边玩边闲聊，这真的很烦人。依据an可知此空用名词形式。故填annoyance。39．chatted考查时态。句意：我很怀念以前在火车上和一些乘客闲聊的日子。结合句意可知此处指过去的事情，所以句子用一般过去时。故填chatted。40．on考查固定词组。句意：每个人都只专注于他们的智能手机。固定词组：concentrateon“集中精力于”。故填on。41．it考查固定句式。句意：与他们交谈时，你似乎打搅了他们玩智能手机。固定句式：itseemsthat…“似乎，似乎”。故填it。42．largely考查副词。句意：有时我只是觉得我们很大程度上忽视了邻居，想通过互联网与远方的生疏人保持联系。此处ignore“忽视”是动词，由副词来修饰。故填largely。43．distant考查形容词。句意：有时我只是觉得我们很大程度上忽视了邻居，想通过互联网与远方的生疏人保持联系。此处strangers是名词，由形容词来修饰。故填distant。44．How考查感叹句。句意：这种状况多么可笑啊！这是一个感叹句，此处ridiculous是形容词，用how来修饰。故填How。45．arecontrolled考查被动语态。句意：在某种程度上，我们现在被智能手机限制着。此处指目前的一种事实，且谓语动词和句子主语we之间是一种被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填arecontrolled。第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华，和父母乘英国某航空公司的航班ZF2730从上海到英国伦敦去看球赛，但是本该16点到达伦敦的飞机无故延时了两个小时，导致你们错过了19点的竞赛。请你就此用英语给该航空公司写一封投诉信。留意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：DearSirorMadam，IamwritingtoexpressmydissatisfactionwiththedelayofflightZF2730onAugust18thfromShanghaitoLondon.IhopedtowatchafootballmatchinLondonwithmyparents.Wehadalreadybookedtheticketsforthefootballmatch.Ithoughtourplanwasexcellent,fortheflightwasscheduledtoarriveattheairportinLondonat16：00andthematchwouldbeginat19：00,whichmeantwewouldhaveenoughtimetotransportourselvesfromtheairporttothestadium.However,theplanewasdelayedbytwohours,whichmadeusmissthematch.Wehopethatyouwillgiveusagoodreasonforthedelayoftheflight,returnsomemoneyandmakeanefforttopreventarecurrenceofthiskind.Yours，LiHua其次节(满分25分)阅读下面