2024-2025学年新教材高中英语UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS检测含解析新人教版选择性必修第二册

PAGEPAGE7单元加餐练(一)Ⅰ.阅读理解LouisPasteurwasaworld­famousFrenchchemistandbiologist.Heisparticularlyfamousforhisworkonrabiesvaccine(狂犬病疫苗).Therabiesvirusentersthebodythroughthebiteofaninfectedanimalorthroughinfectedsalivaenteringanexistingwound.Afterexperimentingwiththesalivaofanimalssufferingfromthedisease,Pasteurconcludedthatthediseaserestsinthecentralnervoussystemofthebody.Bystudyingthetissuesofinfectedanimals—rabbits,Pasteurwasabletoproduceaformofthevirus.Thiscouldbeusedforinoculation(接种).OnJuly6,1885,Pasteurtestedhispioneeringrabiesvaccineonamanforthefirsttime.HesavedthelifeofayoungmancalledJosephMeisterwhohadbeenbittenbyarabiddog.Pasteurwasurgedtotreathimwithhisnewmethod.Thetreatmentlasted10daysandattheendherecoveredandremainedhealthy.Sincethenthousandshavebeensavedbythistreatment.InMarch1886,PasteurwasinvitedtopresenthisresultstotheAcademyofSciencesandin1888wentontofoundthePasteurInstituteinParis.Thiswasapioneeringclinicforthestudyofinfectiousdiseases,thetreatmentofrabiesandacentreforteaching.Pasteurdirectedtheinstitutepersonallyuntilhedied.ThePasteurInstituteisstilloneofthemostimportantcentresintheworld.Pasteurbecameanationalheroandwashonoredinmanyways.HediedatSaint­CloudonSeptember28,1895andwasgivenastatefuneralattheCathedralofNotreDame.ModificationsofthePasteurmethodarestillusedinrabiestreatmenttoday.Anewervaccinewhichcontainsviruspreparedfromhumancellsgrowninthelaboratoryissaferandrequiresashortercourseofinjections.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。路易斯·巴斯德是一位闻名的化学家和生物学家，他最大的成就是独创了狂犬病疫苗。1．Apersoncandeveloprabies．A．ifheisbittenbyarabbitB．ifhetouchesinfectedsalivaC．ifinfectedsalivaentershiswoundsD．ifhetouchesaninfectedanimal解析：选C细微环节理解题。依据其次段其次句可知，人类感染狂犬病的途径有两种，一种是被已传染性动物咬伤；另一种是通过传染性唾液进入伤口。对比原文信息可知，C项指的是其次种途径。2．WhatcanwelearnaboutPasteur'stestofhisvaccineontheman?A．Themanwassenttoaclinictendayslater.B．Itdidn'tsavetheman'slife.C．Itprovedtobeagreatsuccess.D．Themanwashissecondpatient.解析：选C推理推断题。依据文章第三段可知，路易斯·巴斯德第一次在人类身上试验自己的疫苗就获得了成功。故C项正确。3．AfterPasteurdied,thePasteurInstitute．A．workedmuchbetterthanbeforeB．workedwelluntiltodayC．continuedtobeinbusinessformanyyearsD．becamethemostimportantcentreintheworld解析：选B细微环节理解题。依据第四段最终两句可知，路易斯·巴斯德死后，其探讨中心到今日为止仍旧是世界上最重要的探讨中心之一。故巴斯德探讨所运行良好。所以B项正确。4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Pasteur'srabiesvaccineisoutofdate.B．Anewrabiesvaccinehasalreadybeentestedonpatients.C．Injectionsofvaccinestilltakemuchtime.D．Muchimprovementhasbeenmadeonrabiesvaccine.解析：选D推理推断题。依据最终一段可知，改进过的巴斯德方法到今日仍旧在运用，新的疫苗比旧的更加先进，因此推断D项正确。Ⅱ.完形填空RunningforaDreamIwillneverforgettheNovemberday.Itwashotterthannormal.Thiswasthe1myfatherandIhadwaitedsolongfor,becausewehadbeenworkingtowardsthisraceforthreeyears.Dozensoffamiliarfacesfromchurchandschoolflashedacrossmyview.Theyhadcomeforme.Isawworryandexcitementonmyfather'sface.Thentheracebegan!Forthefirsttwoandahalfmiles,Ifelt2.Ihadneverbeforebeensoreadyforsomething.Theweeksleadinguptotheracewerefilledwithcontrolled3andastrictdiet.Myfriendshadn'tseenmeinweeks,buttheyunderstoodthe4requiredtomakemydreamareality.Asinallofmyraces,Ididn't5outinthefront.Ilovedthepleasureofpassingpeopleasmystrengthovertooktheirprematurespeed.Thenwithoutwarning,mystrengthbegantodecrease.Neckandneckwithoneofmygreatestcompetitors,Icouldseethefinishline.Ihadbegunthefinaldashinto6whenmykneesbecameweakandmylegsgaveway.NothingIcoulddowouldmakethem7weight.Iwatchedasrunnersrushedbyme.AlthoughIknewmydreamsofvictoryweredestroyed,Ihadtofinishtherace.However,mylegshurtbadly.Withallofthe8leftinme,Igotonmyhandsandkneesandcrawled(爬),inchbyinch，acrossthefinishline.Voices,both9andfamiliar,cheeredmeon.Theygavemethecouragetokeep10untiltheveryend.Thedoctorswerethereinseconds,butmyeyessearchedthecrowdforhim.TherewasonlyonepersonIwantedto11to.Iwhispered,“I'msosorry,Dad,I'msosorryI12you.”Helookedatme,saying,“Youcouldneverdisappointme.Sometimesthesethingsjusthappen.Allthatmattersisthatyoudidyourbest.”“Butweworkedso13.Whataboutourdream？”Hereachedoverformyhandandsaid,“Don'tyouknowthatyouaremydreamandithascometrue？”Itwasn'tlongbeforemyrunningshoeswerebackon,markinga14pathformyjourney.Ilearnedthatallofthemiles,thetears,thesweat,andthepainmydadandIexperiencedtogetherwerenotfora15.WhatIrealised,though,wasthattohimIwasthegreatestprizehehadeverwon.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者为竞赛做了许多打算，但是在竞赛的最终关头，腿部受伤。他坚持爬到了终点，虽然他没有赢得竞赛，但是他知道父亲和他一起经验的眼泪、汗水和苦痛不仅仅是简洁地为了一场跑步竞赛而努力，而是为了实现幻想而努力。通过这次竞赛，作者对人生有了更深刻的感悟。1．A.dream B．weatherC．result D．day解析：选D依据第一段第一句IwillneverforgettheNovemberday.可知，作者和父亲始终在等待这一天。句意：这是我的父亲和我等待已久的一天(day)，因为我们为这场竞赛一起努力了三年。2．A.proud B．greatC．nervous D．afraid解析：选B依据下一句Ihadneverbeforebeensoreadyforsomething.可知，作者觉得为这次竞赛打算得很充分，所以刚起先跑的时候作者感觉很好。句意：前两英里半，我感觉很好(great)。3．A.programs B．studiesC．instructions D．practices解析：选D依据上文wehadbeenworkingtowardsthisrace可知，作者始终在为竞赛而努力训练。句意：在竞赛前的几个星期里，都是在有限制的练习(practices)和严格的饮食下进行。4．A.sacrifice B．potentialC．patience D．attention解析：选A句意：我的挚友们几个星期没见过我了，但是他们明白要让我的幻想成真是要作出牺牲(sacrifice)的。5．A.look B．moveC．start D．come解析：选C依据下一句lovedthepleasureofpassingpeople可知，作者竞赛刚起先的时候并没有领先，后来才渐渐超过其他人。句意：在我全部的竞赛中，我都不在起先(start)时就领先。6．A.relief B．spiritC．pleasure D．glory解析：选D依据上一句Icouldseethefinishline可知，作者快到终点，要做最终的冲刺了，很快就能取得成功，获得荣誉。句意：我已经起先最终的冲刺，奔向荣耀(glory)，这时我的膝盖起先发软，双腿起先颤抖。7．A.give B．feelC．hold D．add解析：选C依据上一句mykneesbecameweakandmylegsgaveway可知，作者腿发软，站不起来，无法让双腿支撑住自己身体的重量。句意：无论我做什么，都无法让双腿支撑(hold)住我身体的重量。8．A.trust B．emotionC．strength D．confidence解析：选C依据上一句mylegshurtbadly可知，作者腿疼得厉害，只能用完全力，爬向终点。句意：我用完了全部的力气(strength)，双手双膝跪地，一寸一寸地爬过终点线。9．A.loud B．foreignC．soft D．firm解析：选B依据语境，此处foreign和familiar相对，意为“生疏的”。句意：生疏的(foreign)和熟识的声音都为我加油。10．A.going B．runningC．fighting D．training解析：选Akeepgoing表示“接着坚持，接着前进”。句意：他们给了我志气，让我接着前进(going)到最终。11．A.refer B．talkC．listen D．agree解析：选B依据下一句Iwhispered可知，作者只想对父亲说对不起。句意：我只想和一个人说话(talk)。12．A.frightened B．disturbedC．disappointed D．bored解析：选C依据下文父亲说的话Youcouldneverdisappointme.可知答案。句意：我低声说：“对不起，爸爸，我让你悲观(disappointed)了。”13．A.late B．hardC．closely D．quickly解析：选B依据上文becausewehadbeenworkingtowardsthisraceforthreeyears可知，作者认为为了实现父亲和他的幻想，自己很努力了。句意：但是我们这么努力(hard)。我们的幻想呢？14．A.new B．nearC．rough D．narrow解析：选A依据空前Itwasn'tlongbeforemyrunningshoeswerebackon可知，作者没过多久又重新训练，起先了新的征程。句意：没过多久，我又穿上了跑鞋，标记着我又起先新的(new)征程。15．A.wish B．dutyC．rank D．race解析：选D文章标题是RunningforaDream，作者和父亲一起跑步不是简洁地为了一场竞赛而努力，而是为了实现幻想而努力。句意：我知道了我所跑过的里程、眼泪、汗水，还有我父亲和我一起经验的苦痛，并不是为了一场竞赛(race)。Ⅲ.读后续写阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Onceuponatime,adaughtercomplainedtoherfatherthatherlifewasmiserableandthatshedidn'tknowhowshewasgoingtomakeit.Shewastiredoffightingandstrugglingallthetime.Itseemedjustasoneproblemwassolved,anotheronesoonfollowed.Herfather,achef,tookhertothekitchen.Hefilledthreepotswithwaterandplacedeachonahighfire.Oncethethreepotsbegantoboil,heplacedpotatoesinonepot,eggsinthesecondpotandgroundcoffeebeansinthethirdpot.Hethenletthemsitandboil,withoutsayingawordtohisdaughter.Thedaughtercomplainedandimpatientlywaited，wonderingwhathewasdoing.Aftertwentyminutes,heturnedofftheburners.Hetookthepotatoesoutofthepotandplacedtheminabowl.Hepulledtheeggsoutandplacedtheminabowl.Hethenladled(舀)thecoffeeoutandplaceditinacup.Turningtoher，heasked，“Daughter，whatdoyousee？”“Potatoes,eggsandcoffee，”shequicklyreplied.“Lookcloser，”hesaid，“andtouchthepotatoes.”Shedidandnotedthattheyweresoft.Hethenaskedhertotakeaneggandbreakit.Afterpullingofftheshell,sheobservedthehard­boiledegg.Finally,heaskedhertosipthecoffee.Itsricharoma(芳香)broughtasmiletoherface.“Father,whatdoesthismean？”sheasked.Hethenexplainedthatthepotatoes，theeggsandthecoffeebeanshadeachfacedthesameboilingwater.However，theyreacteddifferently.Thepotatoeswentinstrong,hard,butintheboilingwater,theybecamesoftandweak.Theeggswerefragile(易碎的)，withthethinoutershellprotectingtheirliquidinsideuntiltheywereputintheboilingwater.Thentheinsideoftheeggsbecamehard.However,thegroundcoffeebeanswereunique.Aftertheywereexposedtotheboilingwater,theychangedthewaterandcreatedsomethingnew.“Whichoneareyou？”heaskedhisdaughter.“Whenthedisasterknocksonyourdoor,howdoyourespond？Areyouapotato,anegg,oracoffeebean？”留意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式作答。“Father，Iwanttobeacoffeebean，”saidthedaughter，Int