辽宁省普通高中2024-2025学年上学期期初模拟考试英语试题（解析版）

高中英语试卷辽宁省普通高中2024-2025学年上学期期初模拟考试英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Buyaglass. B.Attendaconference. C.Pickoutadoll.【答案】A【原文】M:IsyourconferenceinPrague?CouldIaskyouafavor?W:Sure,aslongasitisn’taboutpickingoutdollsforallyourrelatives.M:No,IbrokeadrinkingglassIboughtthere,socouldyougetmeone?2.Wherearetheoldcases?A.Intheboxes. B.Inthebookcase. C.Inthedrawers.【答案】C【原文】M:DoyoulikethewayIorganizedthefilesinthebookcase,Ms.Stanford?W:Yes,you’vedoneagoodjoboforganizingthem,butwhatdidyoudowiththeoldcasesintheyellowboxes?M:Imovedthoseintothedrawers,sincewedon’tusethemveryoften.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Agame. B.Aparty. C.Afestival.【答案】C【原文】M:WatchthisTVprogram.Whataretheydoing?W:TheyarecelebratingHalloween.M:Howdotheycelebrateit?W:Well,childrenusuallydressupinscaryclothesandplaytricksonothers.4.WhydidthemangotoItaly?A.Totakephotos. B.Toexhibitatagallery.C.Totryarestaurant.【答案】A【原文】W:HowwasyourtriptoItaly?M:Incredible.TheColosseumwasamazing,PisawasbeautifulbutthemagicofVenicewasthebest.IgotsomeamazingphotostherethatI’llbeabletoexhibitatthegallery.W:Great,let’smeetattherestaurantandgothroughwhatwecanshow.5.Whateventdidthemanparticipatein?A.Wasterecycling. B.Beachcleaning. C.Treeplanting.【答案】B【原文】W:So,what’snextwiththeenvironmentclub,Sammy?Treeplanting?M:Well,wejustcollectedbeachrubbishandlearnedaboutkeepingouroceansclean.So,thistimewe’reintotheforestforclean-up.Maybewe’llfindsomerecyclablegarbagethisweekend.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.WhydidGarethJonesquitthegamehalfway?A.Hegothurt.B.Hewastootired.C.Hebrokematchrules.7.WhatwillthespeakersdonextSaturday?A.VisitGareth. B.Seeagame. C.Playamatch.【答案】6.A7.B【详解】W:DidyouseetheFrance-WalesmatchonTVlastnight?Exciting!Waleswon!Everyonewasoverthemoon!M:Yeah,Iwastoo.Iwatcheditwithmydad.WhydidGarethJonesquithalfwaythough—didtherefereedecidehewasinthewrong?W:No,6hedidsomethingtohisankle,didn’the?M:Oh,right.Idon’tthinkit’sseriousthough.He’sintheteamfornextSaturday.W:Great,I’llbewatchingthattoo.Doyouwanttocomeroundtomyplaceandwatchitwithme?M:Wow,goodidea.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Danni’smom. B.Theman’sattitude. C.Doctors’devotion.9.Howhasthecathelpedthewoman’smother?A.Bysendingherflowers.B.Byprovidingcompany.C.Byregulatingheralife.【答案】8.A9.B【原文】M:Danni,how’syourmom?W:She’smuchbetternow.Thanks,Tom.Shewantedmetothankyoufortheflowersandsaidtheywerebeautiful.It’salovelygesture.It’sniceknowingthecommunitycaresabouther.M:It’sareliefknowingthatwiththeoperationshe’llmovearoundbetterandliveamorecomfortablelife.W:Yeah,althoughitishardattimes.Ithinkthecathashelpedtoo.It’sbeenasourceofcomfortandmadehersmileregularly.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10.WhydoesthemanlikeRussiannovels?A.Becausetheyarewelltranslated.B.Becausetheyhelphimtofallasleep.C.Becausetheyconcentrateonpeople’sordinarylives.11.Forwhatdoesthewomandomuchreading?A.Pleasure. B.Novelwriting. C.Herwork.12.Whatcanweknowaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?A.ShelikesJoyce’snovels.B.Shehasbeenbusyrecently.C.Shereadsmuchtoberewarded.【答案】10.C11.C12.B【原文】W:John,whatkindofbooksdoyoulike?M:Well,IlikeRussiannovelsbecausethegreatestwritersdealwithpeople’sdailylife—whywedothethingswedo,whatwedotorealizeourdreams,etc.OtherthingsIlikereadingaretheworksoftheIrishwriterJamesJoyce.Whataboutyou,Laura?W:Well,atthemomentIdosomuchbackgroundreadingformyworkasatranslator.It’srewarding—don’tgetmewrong.Ithelpsmebeexactinmyjob.Ireallyusedtoenjoyfiction.ButnowIdon’tparticularlyreadforpleasurebecauseIdon’thavethetime.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。13.Whatdoesthewomanintendtodo?A.Getapartinaplay.B.Knowmoreaboutarole.C.Rememberthelineofaplay.14.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?A.Giveheraleadrole.B.Getheracopyoftheplay.C.Helpherprepareforthetryouts.15.Whatistheman?A.Anactor. B.Adirector. C.Ateacher.16.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inatheater. B.Inacollege. C.Inacompany.【答案】13.A14.C15.B16.A【原文】M:Areyouinterestedintryingoutfortheplay,Barbara?W:Oh,yes.M:Whatpartareyouinterestedin?W:Well,I’dliketotryforaleadrole,butI’dbehappytohaveanypart.Youknow,I’vebeenstudyingtheplaydayandnight,andIreallybelieveIcangetarole.M:Well,you’reofftoagoodstart.Ilikethat.Ifyouneedanyassistancegettingreadyforthetryouts,I’llbehereonMondayeveningnextweek.W:Thatwouldbewonderful!Everyonesaysyouareagreatdirector.M:Well,thankyou,butthatwon’tgetyouthepart.Hardworkandeffortmight,though.WillIseeyouhereatthetheater?W:Yes.I’mlookingforwardtoit.I’llstudyallweekend,andbyMondayI’llknoweverylineintheplay.M:Oh,no.Whatyoumustdoischooseascenethatwillbestshowyouractingtalent.W:Oh,Isee.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.WhatkindofplacedoesPartyTimeEventsprovide?A.Restaurants. B.Boats. C.Offices.18.WhatarelistenersadvisedtodiscusswithMr.Johnson?A.Howmuchtopayfortherent.B.Howtoarrangeatmosphereforaparty.C.Howmanycoursestoprepareforameal.19.Whatdopeopleneedtopayextrafor?A.Countrymusic. B.Dancemusic. C.Liveentertainment.20.WhereistheofficeofPartyTimeEvents?A.Nexttoabar.B.Atthebackofabar.C.InfrontoftheLochmeadLeisureCenter.【答案】17.B18.B19.C20.A【原文】W:Areyouthinkingofhavingacelebrationbutaren’tsurewhattodoorwheretogo?PartyTimeEventsofferanoriginalandpopularplacetocelebrateanyevent,anditisperfectforofficeparties.Wehaveboatsavailable12monthsoftheyeartoentertaingroupsofbetween10and50people.Tripsareusuallybetweentwoandfivehours,andcantakeplaceintheeveningorafternoon.Wecansupplyadeliciousthree-coursemeal—allpreparedonboardofcoursebyourtopchefs.However,wedoaskyoutoorderyourmealatleastoneweekbeforetheevent.PleasefeelfreetotalkwithMr.Johnson,ourgeneralmanager,inordertoarrangetheperfectatmosphereforyourparty.With15years’experience,we’reabletomakesuggestionstosuitanymood.Thepriceofhiringtheboatincludescountryordancemusic.Wecanalsosupplyliveentertainmentatanextracost,whichvariesfromjazzbandstoacomedyshowormagician.Youcanbookthroughourwebsiteorbytelephone.Alternativelyyoucancometoouroffice,whichisintheLochmeadLeisureCenter.Ourofficeisatthebackofthecenterbesidethebar,andourstaffwillbeveryhappytodiscussyourarrangements.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AAptitudeTestsRecommendationsAptitudetestsarehelpfultojobseekersofallages.Whilecareerquizzesexploreyourvaluesandworkstyle,aptitudetestsprovideamoreobjectiveevaluationofyourskills,helpingyouselectacareeryou’remostlikelytosucceedin.Belowaresomeofthebestaptitudetestsoutthere.CliftonStrengthsTheCliftonStrengthsprogramwascreatedbasedonresearcharoundleadership.Theresearchinquestionpointedtocommonstrengthsamongsuccessfulleaders,likestrategicthinking,adaptabilityandcommunication.Tocompletethetest,youmustansweraround150questions,eachwithin20seconds.AllenCheung,atechblogger,notesthatCliftonStrengthsismorevaluablethanyouraveragecareertestbecauseitincludes“trickyquestionswhicharen’taseasilygamed”.RedBullWingfinderDevelopedandtestedoutbypsychologyexperts,theRedBullWingfinderassessesyourthinkingunderpressure.Questionsincludeimagesorting,logicpuzzlesandleadership-relatedquestions.Onceyoucompletethetest,you’llreceiveaninereportandcareercoachingtailoredtoyourresults.SEIDevelopmentReportTheSEIDevelopmentReportisanextensiveEQaptitudetestthathastimedright-and-wronganswersthatassesseightfundamentals,includingemotionalliteracy,emotionalmanagementandempathy.Attheend,you’llreceivea20reportwithrecommendedcoursesonworkplaceEQdevelopment.CareerOneStopWhileitonlytakesafewminutestocomplete,theCareerOneStopSkillsAssessmentwillhelpyourankbothyourtechnicalandsoftskills.Thecareersuggestionsattheendcanbesortedbyrelevance,annualwages,andjoboutlook,coupledwithwithprofessionalcoachingorconsultationimproveyourskills.21.Whatdoaptitudetestsmainlyassessforjobseekers?A.Theirworkethics. B.Theircareerinterest.C.Theirpreferredworkstyle. D.Theirprofessionalcompetence.22.WhatisauniquefeatureofCliftonStrengths?A.Itevaluatesleadershipskills. B.Itisdevelopedbyexperts.C.Itincludeschallengingquestions. D.Itoffersacomprehensivereport.23.Whichtestsuitsajobseekerwhopreferscategorizedsuggestionsandcareercoaching?A.CliftonStrengths B.RedBullWingfinderC.SEIDevelopmentReport D.CareerOneStop【答案】21.D22.C23.D【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍和解释不同种类的能力倾向测试及其特点，为读者（尤其是求职者）提供关于如何通过这些测试来了解自身职业潜能的信息和建议。【21题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Aptitudetestsarehelpfultojobseekersofallages.Whilecareerquizzesexploreyourvaluesandworkstyle,aptitudetestsprovideamoreobjectiveevaluationofyourskills,helpingyouselectacareeryou’remostlikelytosucceedin.(能力倾向测试对所有年龄段的求职者都很有帮助。职业测验考察的是你的价值观和工作方式，而能力倾向测验则是对你的技能进行更客观的评估，帮助你选择最有可能成功的职业。)”可知，能力测试主要评估求职者的专业能力。故选D。【22题详解】推理判断题。由文章CliftonStrengths部分中“AllenCheung,atechblogger,notesthatCliftonStrengthsismorevaluablethanyouraveragecareertestbecauseitincludes“trickyquestionswhicharen’taseasilygamed”.(科技博客作者艾伦·张指出，CliftonStrengths比一般的职业测试更有价值，因为它包含了“不那么容易应付的棘手问题”。)”可知，克利夫顿优势的独特之处是其中包括具有挑战性的问题。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。由文章CareerOneStop部分中“Thecareersuggestionsattheendcanbesortedbyrelevance,annualwages,andjoboutlook,coupledwithwithprofessionalcoachingorconsultationimproveyourskills.(最后的职业建议可以根据相关度、年薪和工作前景进行分类，再加上专业的指导或咨询，可以提高你的技能。)”可知，CareerOneStop适合喜欢分类建议和职业指导的求职者。故选D。BEducationin2080isdistinctivefromeducationinthe2020s.Untilabout2035,themainfunctionofeducationsystemswastosupplytheeconomywiththenextgenerationofworkers.In2080,thepurposeofeducationisthewell-beingofsocietyandallitsmembers.Tomakethisabitmoretangibleforyou,Iwouldliketogiveanexampleofwhatachild’seducationlookslikein2080.HernameisShemsy.Shemsyis13,andsheisconfidentandloveslearning.Shemsydoesnotgotoschoolinthemorningbecauseschoolsasyouknowthemnolongerexist.Theinstitutionwasabolishedasitwaswidelythoughtofasmorelikeaprisonorafactorythanacreativelearningenvironment.Schoolshavebeenreplacedwith“LearningHubs”thatarenotrestrictedtocertainages.Theyarewhereintergenerationallearninghappens,inlinewiththebeliefthatlearningisalifelongpursuit.Everyyear,Shemsydesignsherlearningjourneyfortheyearwithahighlyattentive“teacher-citizen”.Shemsyisactivelyengagedindesigninghereducationandhastoproposeprojectsshewouldliketobeinvolvedintocontributetoandservehercommunity.Shealsospendslotsoftimeplayingastheroleofplayinlearninghasfinallybeenrecognizedasessentialandcoretoourhumanity.Shemsyworksalotcollaboratively.Accesstoeducationisuniversal,andhighereducationinstitutionsnolongerdifferentiatethemselvesbyhowmanypeopletheyrejectyearly.Variabilitybetweenstudentsisexpectedandleveraged(利用)asyoungpeopleteachoneanotherandusetheirdifferencesasasourceofstrength.Shemsynaturallyexploreswhatsheiscuriousaboutatapaceshesets.Shestillhassomeclassestotakethataremandatoryforchildrenglobally:BeingHumanandtheHistoryofHumanity.Weinviteyoutothinkaboutyourvisionforeducationintheyear2080,whatdoesitlooklike,whodoesitserve,andhowdoesittransformoursocieties?24.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytellus?A.Therearedifferenttypesofeducation.B.Thepresenteducationneedsimprovements.C.Educationandeconomyarecloselyassociated.D.Thegoaloffutureeducationisfundamentallydifferent.25.WhatdoweknowabouttheLearningHubthatShemsygoesto?A.Itacceptsstudentsofallages. B.Itpromotescompetition.C.Itdiscouragesindividualizedlearning. D.Itisallaboutplay-basedlearning.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mandatory”inparagraph3mean?A.Tough. B.Satisfactory. C.Optional. D.Required.27.Whatisthesuitabletitleforthetext?A.AnExampletoAll B.AVisionforEducationC.AChallengeforEducation D.AJourneyintotheFuture【答案】24.D25.A26.D27.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是对2080年的教育的展望。【24题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Untilabout2035,themainfunctionofeducationsystemswastosupplytheeconomywiththenextgenerationofworkers.In2080,thepurposeofeducationisthewell-beingofsocietyandallitsmembers.(直到2035年左右，教育系统的主要功能是为经济提供下一代工人。在2080年，教育的目的是社会及其所有成员的福祉。)”可知，第一段主要告诉我们未来教育的目标是完全不同的。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Schoolshavebeenreplacedwith“LearningHubs”thatarenotrestrictedtocertainages.(学校已经被不受年龄限制的“学习中心”所取代。)”可知，Shemsy去的学习中心接受所有年龄的学生。故选A。【26题详解】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“BeingHumanandtheHistoryofHumanity(做人和人类历史)”可知，做人和人类历史应该是全球儿童必修的课程，划线词mandatory的意思是“必修的”，和required意思相近，故选D。【27题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In2080,thepurposeofeducationisthewell-beingofsocietyandallitsmembers.Tomakethisabitmoretangibleforyou,Iwouldliketogiveanexampleofwhatachild’seducationlookslikein2080.(在2080年，教育的目的是社会及其所有成员的福祉。为了让你们更明白这一点，我想举一个2080年儿童教育的例子。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是对2080年的教育的展望，因此最恰当的标题是B选项“AVisionforEducation(教育远景)”。故选B。CHaveyoueverseenyourcatordogeatinggrass?Theydosobecauseitcanhelptheirdigestion,andmanywildspeciesusenaturalsubstancestopreventandcontroldiseases.Thisiscalled“zoopharmacognosy”or,morecommonly,animalself-medication.Scientistshavediscoveredthattamarinmonkeysuseaspecifictreeresin(树脂)asmedicine.IntheBrazilianAtlanticForest,scientistsfollowedseveralgroupsofthemtocollectdata.Duringoneofthesedailystudies,tamarinmonkeyswereobservedrubbingtheirbodiesonthetrunkofatree.Atfirst,researchersthoughtthattheyweremarkingtheirterritory,acommonbehaviourinthisspecies.Botanicalexpertslaterconfirmedthatthetreewasaspeciesofcabreuva,whichiswellknownforitsmedicalproperties.Researchersdecidedtoplacecamera-trapsindifferentsitesatthefootofthetreetorecordfuturevisitsbytamarinmonkeys.Therecordssurprisinglyshowedthatmanyanimalslivingintheforestvisitedit.Totally,tenspecieswereobserved.Formanyofthem,itwasthefirsttimethatbehaviorssimilartoself-medicationhadbeenobserved.Moresurprisingly,onespeciesspreadresinoneachother’sfurinpairs.Ingeneral,thespeciesseemedtospecificallyvisitthetreetoacquiretheresinandseeminglybenefitfromit,eitherhealingtheirwoundsorfightingbackparasites(寄生虫).Whilefurtherstudiesareneededtoidentifythepropertiesoftheresinandthusconfirmthatthisisindeedself-medication,theuseofitsuggeststhatcabreuvarepresentsacommonanduniversaldrugstorefortheresidentsoftheBrazilianAtlanticForest.Itislikelytobeavaluableresourcehelpingthespeciesmaintaintheirmagnitudebyimprovingtheirhealth.Thisdiscoverycouldhaveanimportantprotectioninfluence,asthedisappearanceofsometreescouldpotentiallyaffectthesurvivalofsomeanimals.28.Whydotamarinmonkeysrubthemselvesagainstthetree?A.Theywouldliketodigestwhattheyeat.B.Theyaretryingtocurediseases.C.Theyareattractingcompanions’attention.D.Theyfeellikeoccupyingtheland.29.Whatdoresearchersfindthroughcamera-traps?A.Animalscanhelpeachothercleanthefur.B.Manyanimalscopymonkeys’behaviors.C.ResincanbeusedasmedicineforsomeanimalsD.Thecabreduvaisthehabitatoftamarinmonkeys.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“magnitude”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Characteristics. B.Populations.C.Flexibilities. D.Similarities.31.Whatisthepossiblesignificanceofthediscovery?A.Increasingtheproductionofresin.B.Promotingevolutionofcreatures.C.Motivatingthestudyofmonkeys’diet.D.Contributingtoforestconservation.【答案】28.B29.C30.B31.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了研究人员发现动物会使用一种特殊的树树脂作为药物来疗伤。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及发现。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Duringoneofthesedailystudies,tamarinmonkeyswereobservedrubbingtheirbodiesonthetrunkofatree.Atfirst,researchersthoughtthattheyweremarkingtheirterritory,acommonbehaviourinthisspecies.Botanicalexpertslaterconfirmedthatthetreewasaspeciesofcabreuva,whichiswellknownforitsmedicalproperties.(在其中一项日常研究中，研究人员观察到绢毛猴在树干上摩擦身体。起初，研究人员认为它们是在标记自己的领地，这是这种物种的常见行为。植物学专家后来证实，这棵树是一种以其药用特性而闻名的红檀香)”可知，绢毛猴要在树上摩擦自己是为了努力治疗疾病。故选B项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Researchersdecidedtoplacecamera-trapsindifferentsitesatthefootofthetreetorecordfuturevisitsbytamarinmonkeys.Therecordssurprisinglyshowedthatmanyanimalslivingintheforestvisitedit.Totally,tenspecieswereobserved.Formanyofthem,itwasthefirsttimethatbehaviorssimilartoself-medicationhadbeenobserved.Moresurprisingly,onespeciesspreadresinoneachother’sfurinpairs.Ingeneral,thespeciesseemedtospecificallyvisitthetreetoacquiretheresinandseeminglybenefitfromit,eitherhealingtheirwoundsorfightingbackparasites(寄生虫).(研究人员决定在树脚的不同位置放置相机陷阱，以记录未来绢毛猴的访问。令人惊讶的是，记录显示许多生活在森林里的动物来过这里。共观察到10种。对他们中的许多人来说，这是第一次观察到类似于自我药物治疗的行为。更令人惊讶的是，一个物种会成对地在对方的皮毛上涂抹树脂。一般来说，这些物种似乎专门访问树来获取树脂，并从中受益，要么治愈伤口，要么击退寄生虫。)”可知，研究人员通过相机陷阱发现树脂可以用作一些动物的药。故选C项。【30题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Itislikelytobeavaluableresourcehelpingthespeciesmaintaintheir”以及后文“byimprovingtheirhealth”可知，红檀香是一种宝贵的资源，所以通过改善它们的健康状况可以有助于保持红檀香树木的数量。故划线词意思是“数量”与B项意思相近。故选B项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thisdiscoverycouldhaveanimportantprotectioninfluence,asthedisappearanceofsometreescouldpotentiallyaffectthesurvivalofsomeanimals.(这一发现可能会对保护产生重要影响，因为一些树木的消失可能会影响一些动物的生存)”可知，这一发现的可能意义是有助于森林保护。故选D项。DIsforgivenessagainstourhumannature?Toanswerourquestion,weneedtoaskafurtherquestion:Whatistheessenceofourhumanity?Forthesakeofsimplicity,peopleconsidertwodistinctlydifferentviewsofhumanity.Thefirstviewinvolvesdominanceandpower.Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans’essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Thosewhoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.Thesecondviewinvolvesthethemeofcooperation,mutualrespect,andevenloveasthebasisofwhoweareashumans.Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.Forexample,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyourloveandforgivenessandarepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnectpeople.Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaClassicalphilosophicalperspective,thatofAristotle,weseethedistinctionbetweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,itsactualappropriationinconflictsituations,developswithpractice.32.WhatisDroll’sideaaboutforgiveness?A.Peopleshouldoffermercytoothers.B.Peoplewhoforgivecanhavetheirownwelfareaffected.C.Forgivenessdependsonthenatureofhumanity.D.Aggressivepeopleshouldlearntoforgive.33.WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph2illustrate?A.Toforgiveistolove. B.Tofightistogrow.C.Todominateistoharm. D.Togiveistoreceive.34.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardforgiveness?A.Objective. B.Reserved. C.Favorable. D.Skeptical.35.Whatismessageofthelastparagraph?A.Forgivenessisinournature. B.Forgivenessgrowswithtime.C.Actualityisbasedonpotentiality. D.Ittakespracticetoforgive.【答案】32.B33.C34.C35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans’essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Thosewhoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.(在一篇关于宽恕心理学的早期论文中，Droll(1984)提出了一个有趣的观点，即人类的本质比宽恕所允许的更具攻击性。那些宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福，而这些人可能会利用他们。)”可知，Droll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，他认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选B。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段所举例子上文“Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.(研究人员发现，为了全面成长为人类，我们既需要从别人那里接受爱，也需要向别人提供爱。没有爱，我们与生活中各种各样的人的联系就会破裂。甚至常识也强烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。)”可知，没有爱，我们与他人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动；奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦。“Forexample,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?(例如，奴隶制作为社会和谐的一种模式发挥了多大的作用?)”通过以奴隶社会举例，以反问的方式，来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选C。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyourloveandforgivenessandarepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnectpeople.(从作为人类的第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和社区的生理和心理完整性方面都起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是减少仇恨，恢复和谐。宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环。至少在某种程度上，与你疏远的人接受你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整。宽恕可以治愈人际关系，重新连接人际关系。)”可知，作者认为原谅在个体和社区生物学和心理学完整性中的关键作用，指出原谅能够减少仇恨、恢复和谐，并且能够打破愤怒的循环。作者还提到原谅可以治愈关系，让人们重新建立联系。这些观点都表明作者对于原谅持有支持的态度。故选C。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaClassicalphilosophicalperspective,thatofAristotle,weseethedistinctionbetweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,itsactualappropriationinconflictsituations,developswithpractice.(值得注意的是，当我们从古典哲学的角度，即亚里士多德的角度来看，我们会看到潜在性和现实性之间的区别。我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长。宽恕的现实性，它在冲突情境中的实际运用，是随着实践而发展的。)”可知，最后一段主要传达了原谅需要实践的信息。作者通过引用古典哲学中关于潜在性和实际性的观点，指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力，而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此，原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lyingawakeforhoursbeforefallingasleepisacommonproblem.Evenifyoucanfinallyfallasleep,takingtoolongtofallasleepcanleadtotoofewhoursofsleepaltogether.36Sopeoplehavingtroublefallingasleepalwayswonderhowtheycansleepwell.Parentsknowfromexperiencethatgentlemusiccanhelpbabiesfallasleep.Sciencesupportsthis,showingthatchildrenofallages,frombabiestoelementaryschoolchildren,sleepbetterafterlisteningtocomfortablemusic.Fortunately,childrenaren’ttheonlyoneswhocanbenefitfromgentlemusicbeforebedtime.37Listeningtomusiclikelyimprovessleepformorethanonereason.Musiccanpromotesleepdirectlybyaffectingyourphysiology(生理机能).38Besides,itcanalsopromotesleepbybecomingahealthybedtimehabit.Manypeoplecan’tfallasleepquicklybecausestressfulandworryingthoughtskeepthemawakeatnight.Bylisteningtomusic,themindhassomethingelsetofocuson.Withtime,thepracticeoflisteningtomusicatbedtimebecomesmoreeffectiveasthebrainpositivelyassociatesmusicwithsleep.39Studieshavelookedatmanytypesofmusicandplaylistsbutthereisn’taclearansweraboutthebestmusicforsleep.Whatwedoknowisthatresearchershavetypicallyusedeitheraself-madeplaylistoronethathasbeendesignedespeciallywithsleepinmind.Oneofthemostimportantthingsonhowmusicaffectsaperson’sbodyistheirownmusicalpreferences.40Forthosewhodon’twanttodesigntheirownplaylist,onlinemusicserviceshavesteppedinandusuallyofferplaylistsforsleeporrelaxation.A.Itcanguaranteesufficientsleep.B.It’snaturaltowonderaboutthebesttypeofmusicforsleep.C.Thequalityandquantityofoursleepbecomepoorasweage.D.Listeningtomusiccanreduceyourstressandinspirepositivefeelings.E.Thiscanhaveaseriouseffectonaperson’squalityoflifeifitcontinues.F.Peopleacrossagegroupsreportbettersleepqualityafterlisteningtosoftmusic.G.Usefulpersonalplaylistsmayincluderelaxingsongsthathavehelpedwithsleepinthepast.【答案