专用版高考英语一轮复习专题八细节理解阅读课件

第二部分阅读理解专题八细节理解阅读高考英语

(浙江专用)A组

自主命题·浙江卷题组五年高考Passage1(2019浙江6月,A)词数:359ZachariahFikehasanunusualhobby.Hefindsoldmilitary(军队的)medalsforsaleinantique

storesandontheInternet.Butunlikemostcollectors,Zactracksdownthemedals'rightfulown-

ers,andreturnsthem.HisefforttoreunitefamilieswithlostmedalsbeganwithaChristmasgiftfromhismother,aPur-

pleHeartwiththenameCorradoA.G.Piccoli,foundinanantiqueshop.Zacknowsthemeaning

ofaPurpleHeart—heearnedonehimselfinawarasasoldier.Sowhenhismothergavehimthe

medal,heknewrightawaywhathehadtodo.ThroughtheInternet,ZactrackeddownCorrado'ssisterAdelineRockko.Butwhenhefinally

reachedher,thewomanfloodedhimwithquestions:“Whoareyou?Whatantiqueshop?”How-

ever,whenshehungup,sheregrettedthewayshehadhandledthecall.SoshecalledZacbackand

apologized.SoonshedrovetomeetZacinWatertown,N.Y.“Atthatpoint,Iknewshemeant

business,”Zacsays.“Todriveeighthourstocometoseeme.”ThePiccolisgrewupthechildrenofItalianimmigrantsinWatertown.Corrado,atranslatorfortheArmyduringWWII,waskilledinactioninEurope.BeforehearingfromZac,Adelinehadn'trealizedthemedalwasmissing.Likemanymilitary

medals,theoneZac'smotherhadfoundwasafamilytreasure.“Thismedalwasverypreciousto

myparents.Onlyonspecialoccasions(场合)wouldtheytakeitoutandletusholditinour

hands,”Adelinesays.Asachild,Adelinecouldn'tunderstandwhythemedalwassosignificant.“ButasIgrewold-

er,”Adelinesays,“andmissedmybrothermoreandmore,Irealizedthatwastheonlythingwe

hadleft.”CorradoPiccoli'sPurpleHeartmedalnowhangsattheItalianAmericanCivicAssocia-

tioninWatertown.ZacrecentlyreturnedanotherlostmedaltoafamilyinAlabama.SincehefirstreunitedCorrado's

medal,Zacsayshisrecordisnow5for5.1.WheredidZacgetaPurpleHeartmedalforhimself?A.Inthearmy.

B.Inanantiqueshop.C.Fromhismother.D.FromAdelineRockko.2.WhatdidZacrealizewhenAdelinedrovetomeethim?A.Shewasveryimpolite.B.Shewasseriousaboutthemedal.C.Shesuspectedhishonesty.D.Shecamefromawealthyfamily.3.WhatmadeAdelinetreasurethePurpleHeart?A.Herparents'advice.B.Herknowledgeofantiques.C.Herchildhooddream.D.Hermemoryofherbrother.答案[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容是社会交往。文章讲述

了一位获得过紫心勋章的老战士收集丢失的紫心勋章并物归原主的故事。文章侧重于对学

生文化意识的培养。1.A细节理解题。本题题干意为:Zac是在哪里获得自己的紫心勋章的?根据文章第二段的he

earnedonehimselfinawarasasoldier(他作为一名战士在一次战争中为自己赢得了一枚紫心

勋章)可知,A项(在军队中)正确。B:在一家古董店;C:从他妈妈那里;D:从AdelineRockko那

里。2.B推理判断题。本题题干意为:当Adeline开车来见他的时候,Zac明白了什么?根据第三段

的描述,尤其是Atthatpoint,Iknewshemeantbusiness(在那时,我知道她是认真的)可知,Zac明

白了Adeline非常重视那枚勋章,故答案为B项。A:她非常不礼貌;C:她怀疑他的诚实;D:她来自

一个富有的家庭。3.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:Adeline珍惜紫心勋章的原因是什么?根据文章倒数第二段

的“ButasIgrewolder,”Adelinesays,“andmissedmybrothermoreandmore,Irealizedthatwastheonlythingwehadleft.”可知,Adeline珍惜这枚勋章的原因是她对哥哥的怀念,故D项正

确。A:她父母的建议;B:她的古董知识;C:她儿时的梦想。高考热词antiquestore古董店trackdown追查到hangup挂断(电话)immigrantn.移民

preciousadj.珍贵的Passage2(2018浙江11月,B)词数:260ThismonthmillionsofAmericankidscanforgetaboutclassroombellsandsetoffforgrandparents'

homes,sleep-awaycampsandlifeguardstands.Butsummervacationhasn'talwaysbeena

birthrightofU.S.schoolchildren.BeforetheCivilWar,schoolsoperatedononeoftwocalendars

(日历),neitherofwhichincludedasummervacation.Rural(农村的)schoolingwasdividedinto

summerandwinterterms,leavingkidsfreetohelpwiththefarmworkinthespringplantingand

fallharvestseasons.Urbanstudents,meanwhile,regularlyhadasmanyas48weeksofstudya

year,withonebreakperquarter.Inthe1840s,however,educationalreformerslikeHoraceMannmovedtocombinethetwocalen-

darsoutofconcernthatruralschoolingwasnotenoughandthatoverusingofyoungmindscould

leadtonervousdisorders.Summerappearedastheobvioustimeforabreak:itofferedarestfor

teachers,fitinthefarmingcalendarandreduceddoctors'concernthatpackingstudentsintohot

classroomswouldpromotethespreadofdisease.Butpeople'sopinionaboutthemodernU.S.schoolyear,whichaverages180days,isstilldivided.Someexpertssayitspleasantbutlazysummerbreak,whichtookholdintheearly20thcentury,is

oneofthereasonsmathskillsandgraduationratesofU.S.highschoolersrankedwellbelowaver-

ageintwointernationaleducationreportspublishedin2007.Othersinsistthatwithchildrenunder

increasingpressuretodevotetheirdowntimetointernships(实习)orstudy,there'sstillroomforan

institutionthatprotectsthelazydaysofchildhood.1.WhatdidtheruralschoolcalendarbeforetheCivilWarallowchildrentodo?A.Enjoyasummervacation.B.Takeabreakeachquarter.C.Have48weeksofstudyayear.D.Assisttheirparentswithfarmwork.2.Whatdidtheeducationalreformersdointhe1840s?A.Theyintroducedsummervacation.B.Theyshortenedruralschoolterms.C.Theypromotedthestudyoffarming.D.Theyadvocatedhigherpayforteachers.3.WhyaresomepeopleunhappyaboutthemodernU.S.schoolyear?A.Itpushestheteacherstoohard.B.Itreducesthequalityofeducation.C.Itignoresscienceinstruction.D.Itincludesnotimeforinternships.答案[语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国学校两个假期的形成及人们的观点。1.D细节理解题。根据文章第一段的Ruralschoolingwasdividedintosummerandwinter

terms,leavingkidsfreetohelpwiththefarmworkinthespringplantingandfallharvestseasons.

可知,在农村地区,假期里孩子可以去农田帮忙。2.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段的内容可知,1840年的改革中,教育家提出了暑假的概念

和操作。3.B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Someexpertssayitspleasantbutlazysummerbreak,

whichtookholdintheearly20thcentury,isoneofthereasonsmathskillsandgraduationratesof

U.S.highschoolersrankedwellbelowaverageintwointernationaleducationreportspublishedin

2007.可知,对假期制度不满的人认为,正是假期造成了美国学校教育质量的下降。高考热词setoff出发去……birthrightn.与生俱来的权利regularlyadv.有规律地down-

timen.休息institutionn.学校,学院,机构,制度

长难句

原句:Someexpertssayitspleasantbutlazysummerbreak,whichtookholdintheearly20thcen-

tury,isoneofthereasonsmathskillsandgraduationratesofU.S.highschoolersrankedwellbe-

lowaverageintwointernationaleducationreportspublishedin2007.分析:本句是一个比较复杂的句子,其主句是Someexpertssayitspleasantbutlazysummerbreak

isoneofthereasons.之后的mathskillsandgraduationratesofU.S.highschoolersrankedwell

belowaverageintwointernationaleducationreportspublishedin2007是定语从句,修饰reasons。译文:一些专家说,20世纪初开始的愉快但懒惰的暑假是美国高中生数学技能和毕业率在2007

年公布的两份国际教育报告中远远低于平均水平的原因之一。Passage3(2018浙江6月,C)词数:300Asculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePi-

quettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline(装配线)on

September27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFord

wouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.Thecarshapedsomeofthemostlasting

aspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.For

mostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathigh

speedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemosttypicalAmerican

ideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstatehighwaysystem,the

largestpublicworksprojectinhistory.In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarinevery

garage.”Sincethen,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformed

Americafromafarm-basedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.In

Americathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.Theproblemsofexcessive(过度的)energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulationgrowth

havebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL.Friedman.Hefearstheworst,

buthopesforthebest.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(经济)isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“The

abilitytodesign,buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairand

healthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”1.Whyishamburgermentionedinparagraph2?A.ToexplainAmericans'lovefortravellingbycar.B.ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.C.TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.D.TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica'sroadsystem.2.WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?A.Declineofeconomy.B.Environmentalproblems.C.Ashortageofoilsupply.D.Afarm-basedsociety.3.WhatisFriedman'sattitudetowardsAmerica'sfuture?A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.D.Tolerant.答案[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国汽车的发展及其对美国社会和文化发展的

影响。1.B细节理解题。从文章第二段的ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmeri-

canculture...可知,此处提到“hamburger”的目的是证明美国的汽车对美国文化的影响。因此

B项正确。2.B细节理解题。从第四段的ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreatea

globalecologicaldisaster.可知,汽车的使用导致了美国的环境问题。故选B项。3.C推理判断题。从文章的最后一段可知,Friedman指出绿色经济是保持美国强大的机会。

因此他对美国的未来是“充满希望的”。故选C项。高考热词eventuallyadv.最终abundantadj.大量的,丰富的interstateadj.州际的con-

sumptionn.消费长难句

原句:Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingfor-wardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.分析:本句是一个主从复合句。whatitmeant...是一个宾语从句。译文:在上个世纪的绝大部分时间,汽车代表了美国的实质——高速向前去发现新的世界。Passage4(2017浙江11月,C)词数:270Thereareenergysavingstobemadefromallrecyclablematerials,sometimeshugesavings.Recy-

clingplasticsandaluminum,forinstance,usesonly5%to10%asmuchenergyasproducingnew

plasticorsmelting(提炼)aluminum.Longbeforemostofusevennoticedwhatwenowcall“theenvironment,”BuckminsterFuller

said,“Pollutionisnothingbuttheresources(资源)wearenotharvesting.Weallowthemtobeleft

aroundbecausewe'vebeenignorantoftheirvalue.”Totakeoneexample,let'scomparethe

throwawayeconomy(经济)witharecyclingeconomyaswefeedacatforlife.Sayyourcatweighs5kgandeatsonecanoffoodeachday.Eachemptycanofitsfoodweighs4

0g.Inathrowawayeconomy,youwouldthrowaway5,475cansoverthecat's15-yearlifetime.

That's219kgofsteel—morethanafifthofatonandmorethan40timesthecat'sweight.Inarecyclingeconomy,wewouldmakeonesetof100canstostartwith,thenreplacethemover

andoveragainwithrecycledcans.Sincealmost3%ofthemetalislostduringreprocessing,we'd

havetomakeanextra10canseachyear.Butinall,only150canswillbeusedupoverthecat'slifetime—andwe'llstillhave100leftoverforthenextcat.Insteadofusingup219kgofsteel,we'veusedonly6kg.Andbecausetheprocessofrecycling

steelislesspollutingthanmakingnewsteel,we'vealsoachievedthefollowingsignificantsav-

ings:inenergyuse—47%to74%;inairpollution—85%;inwaterpollution—35%;inwateruse—

40%.1.WhatdoesBuckminsterFullersayaboutpollution?A.Itisingmoreserious.B.Itdestroystheenvironment.C.Itbenefitstheeconomy.D.Itistheresourcesyettobeused.2.Howmanycanswillbeusedupinacat's15-yearlifetimeinarecyclingeconomy?A.50.

B.100.C.150.

D.250.3.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Topromotetheideaofrecycling.B.Tointroduceanenvironmentalist.C.Todiscussthecausesofpollution.D.Todefendthethrowawayeconomy.答案[语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章通过养猫的食品罐的循环使用说明循环利用的好处。1.D细节理解题。在文章第二段中,BuckminsterFuller说“污染只是我们没有得到的资源”,

所以选D。2.C细节理解题。根据文章第四段的数据,尤其是最后一句话可知,在猫的一生我们要消耗

总计150个食罐。3.A主旨要义题。本文主要通过举例说明循环利用的好处。高考热词ignorantadj.无知的recyclev.回收replacev.代替processn.过程Passage5(2017浙江6月,C)词数:318FLORENCE,Italy—SvetlanaCojochrufeelshurt.TheMoldovanhaslivedheresevenyearsasa

caregivertoItaliankidsandtheelderly,butinordertostayshe'shadtoproveherlanguageskills

bytakingatestwhichrequireshertowriteapostcardtoanimaginaryfriendandanswerafictional

jobad.ItalyisthelatestWesternEuropeancountrytryingtocontrolagrowingimmigrant(移民)popula-

tionbydemandinglanguageskillsinexchangeforworkpermits,orinsomecases,citizenship.Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmoredifficultfornativesto

keepjobs,suchmeasureswillemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration(融合).Oth-

erssayit'sonlynaturalthaterslearnthelanguageoftheirhostnation,seeingitasacon-

ditiontoensuretheycancontributetosociety.OtherEuropeancountrieslaiddownasimilarrequirementforimmigrants,andsometermsare

eventougher.Thegovernmentsarguethatthiswillhelpforeignersbetterjointhesocietyandpro-

moteunderstandingacrosscultures.Italy,whichhasamuchweakertraditionofimmigration,haswitnessedasharpincreaseinimmi-

grationinrecentyears.In1990,immigrantsnumberedsome1.14millionoutofItaly'sthen56.7

millionpeople,orabout2percent.Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4.

56millionofatotalpopulationof60.6million,or7.5percent,withimmigrants'childrenaccount-

ingforaneverlargerpercentageofbirthsinItaly.Cojochru,theMoldovancaregiver,hopedobtainingpermanentresidence(居住权)wouldhelpher

bringhertwochildrentoItaly;theylivewithhersisterinMoldova,wheresalariesareamongthe

lowestinEurope.Shewasskepticalthatthelanguagerequirementwouldencourageintegration.Italiansalways“seemeasaforeigner,”anoutsider,eventhoughshe'sstayedinthecountryfor

yearsandcanspeakthelocallanguagefluently,shesaid.1.WhydoesCojochruhavetotakealanguagetest?A.TocontinuetostayinItaly.B.ToteachherchildrenItalian.C.TofindabetterjobinItaly.D.TobettermixwiththeItalians.2.Somepeopleworrythatthenewlanguagerequirementmay

.A.reduceItaly'spopulationquicklyB.causeconflictsamongpeopleC.leadtofinancialdifficultiesD.putpressureonschools3.WhatdoweknowaboutCojochru?A.SheliveswithhersisternowinItaly.B.SheenjoyslearningtheItalianlanguage.C.ShespeaksItalianwellenoughforherjob.D.Shewishestogobacktoherhomecountry.答案[语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了意大利对外来移民进行语言测试以及人们对

此的不同看法。1.A细节理解题。从第一段的“inordertostayshe'shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytak-

ingatestwhichrequires...”可知她参加考试是为了继续留在意大利。2.B推理判断题。从第三段的“Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatas...suchmeasureswill

emoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration.”可知,他们担心会造成冲突。3.C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“eventhoughshe'sstayedinthecountryforyears

andcanspeakthelocallanguagefluently”可知,C项正确。高考热词fictionaladj.虚构的inexchangefor作为……的交换advocaten.提倡者;支持者

contributeto对……做贡献长难句

原句:ItalyisthelatestWesternEuropeancountrytryingtocontrolagrowingimmigrantpopulation

bydemandinglanguageskillsinexchangeforworkpermits,orinsomecases,citizenship.分析:本句中,ItalyisthelatestWesternEuropeancountry是主句;tryingtocontrolagrowingim-

migrantpopulation是定语。bydemandinglanguageskillsinexchangeforworkpermits,orin

somecases,citizenship是方式状语。译文:意大利是最新的试图通过要求语言技能来换取工作许可或在某些情况下,公民身份,以控

制不断增长的移民的西欧国家。Passage6(2016浙江10月,B)词数:267TheCrownePlazaHotelinCopenhagenisofferingafreemealtoanyguestwhoisabletoproduce

electricityforthehotelonanexercisebikelinkedtoagenerator(发电机).Theideaistogetpeo-

plefitandreducetheircarbonfootprint.Guestswillhavetoproduceatleast10watthoursofelec-

tricity—roughly15minutesofcyclingforsomeoneofaveragefitness.GuestsstayingatPlazaHo-

telwillbegivenmealticketsworth$36oncetheyhaveproduced10watthoursofelectricity.The

bicycleswillhavesmartphonesattachedtothehandlebarsmeasuringhowmuchpowerisbeing

generatedforthehotel.Theplan,aworld-first,willstarton19Aprilandrunforayear.Onlyguestsstayingatthehotel

willbeabletotakepart.FrederikkeToemmergaard,hotelspokeswoman,said,“Manyofourvisi-

torsarebusinesspeoplewhoenjoygoingtothegym.Theremightbepeoplewhowillcyclejustto

getafreemeal,butgenerallyIdon'tthinkpeoplewilltakeadvantageofourprogramme.”Copenhagenhasalong-standingcyclingtraditionand36%oflocalscycletoworkeachday,oneof

thehighestpercentagesintheworld,accordingtothewebsitevisitcopenhagen.dk.USenviron-mentalwebsiterecentlyvotedCopenhagentheworld'sbestcityforcyclists.

“BecauseCopenhagenisstronglyconnectedwithcycling,wefeltthebicyclewouldworkwellas

asymbolofthehotel'sgreenprofile(形象).”Ifsuccessful,theelectricbicyclemealprogrammewillbespreadtoallCrownePlazahotelsinthe

UK,thehotelsaidinastatement.1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefreemealprogramme?A.Topromotethehotel'sgreenconcept.B.Tomakethecityknowntotheworld.C.Toattractpeopletothehotelrestaurant.D.Togetgueststostaylongeratthehotel.2.Howcanaparticipantgetafreemeal?A.Byingaprofessionalcyclist.B.Bycyclingtoproducesomeelectricity.C.Bylinkingasmartphonetoabicycle.D.Bymonitoringhisorhercarbonfootprint.3.Whoaremostlikelytoenterfortheprogramme?A.Thepoorlocalpeople.B.Theenvironmentactivists.C.Health-conscioushotelguests.D.VisitorsfondofCopenhagenfood.4.Accordingtoparagraph3,Copenhagenhasoneoftheworld's

.A.bestchainhotelsB.greenestnaturalenvironmentsC.longestbikepathsD.highestratesofpeoplecyclingtowork答案[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了哥本哈根一家宾馆为了提倡环保,鼓励入住的客

人骑自行车发电,达到一定的标准就免餐一顿。1.A细节理解题。从文章第一段的“Theideaistogetpeoplefitandreducetheircarbonfoot-

print.”可以得出答案。2.B细节理解题。从文章第一段的“TheCrownePlazaHotelinCopenhagenisofferingafree

mealtoanyguestwhoisabletoproduceelectricityforthehotelonanexercisebikelinkedtoa

generator.”可以知道本题的答案是B。3.C推理判断题。从文章第二段的“Manyofourvisitorsarebusinesspeoplewhoenjoygoing

tothegym.Theremightbepeoplewhowillcyclejusttogetafreemeal,butgenerallyIdon't

thinkpeoplewilltakeadvantageofourprogramme.”可知,参加这项活动的是宾馆的有健康意

识的客人,所以排除A、B和D。4.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Copenhagenhasalong-standingcyclingtraditionand3

6%oflocalscycletoworkeachday,oneofthehighestpercentagesintheworld”可以知道,哥本哈根是世界上骑车上班比例最高的国家之一。高考热词percentagen.百分比environmentaladj.自然环境的长难句

原句:TheCrownePlazaHotelinCopenhagenisofferingafreemealtoanyguestwhoisableto

produceelectricityforthehotelonanexercisebikelinkedtoagenerator.分析:TheCrownePlazaHotelinCopenhagenisofferingafreemealtoanyguest是主句;whois

abletoproduceelectricityforthehotel...是定语从句。译文:哥本哈根的皇冠假日酒店为任何能用与发电机相连的运动自行车为酒店发电的客人免

费提供一餐。B组

统一命题、省(区、市)卷题组Passage1(2019课标全国Ⅰ,A)词数:256NeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummer

jobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailableto

helppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合条件)forthis

program,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15—18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社区).SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000

tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15—29,returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanage-

mentprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities(机会)ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavariety

ofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunity

groups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto2

9forpersonswithadisability.1.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.2.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15—18.B.15—24.C.15—29.D.16—17.3.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A.JobsforYouth.B.SummerCompany.C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.答案[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文,主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容为暑期工作介绍。文章

介绍了省政府及其合作伙伴为学生提供的几个暑期工作项目。本文旨在培养学生多渠道获

得信息的能力。1.B细节理解题。本题题干意为:SummerCompany有什么特别之处?根据SummerCompany

标题下第一句(SummerCompany给学生提供实际操作的商业培训和高达3,000美元的夏季自

我创业奖励)可知B项正确(为创业者提供奖励)。A:在上岗前不要求培训;C:让一个人在自然

环境下工作;D:提供更多的夏季工作机会。2.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:StewardshipYouthRangerProgram要求的年龄范围是多大?

根据StewardshipYouthRangerProgram标题下第二段中的学生年龄是16或17岁,并且在今年12

月31日以前不满18岁。由此可知答案为D项。3.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:哪个项目对残疾人有利?根据题干中的thedisabled可定位

到SummerEmploymentOpportunities部分最后一句话(有些职位要求学生年龄15到24岁,有残

疾的可以放宽到29岁)。由此可知答案为D项。高考热词provincialadj.省的employmentn.雇用disabilityn.残障;残疾Passage2(2019课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:261Asdataandidentitytheftesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric

(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpre-

sent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgets

aroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)

withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastrong

layerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkey

presses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'siden-

tities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—

regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Every-

bodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedif-

ferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthe

keyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,

plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.1.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping.C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.2.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.3.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A.It'llbeenvironment-friendly.B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.C.It'llbemadeofplastics.D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.答案[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是科学与技术,主题语境内容为科技发展。文章介

绍了GeorgiaTech的研究者们想出了一种低成本的装置——智能键盘,来保护私人的电子空

间,并希望这种设备能尽快进入市场,服务消费者。本文侧重培养学生的创新能力。1.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:研究者们为什么研发智能键盘?根据文章第一段可知,现在

一些阻止别人进入私人电子空间的技术成本仍然很高。因此,来自GeorgiaTech的研究者们想

出了一种低成本的(low-cost)装置——智能键盘,来应对这个问题。所以答案为D项:减少电子

空间保护的成本。A:减轻对按键的压力;B:提升打字的精确度;C:取代密码系统。2.C细节理解题。本题题干意为:什么使智能键盘这项发明成为可能?根据第二段第四句

“Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.”可知,因为每个人的打字模式各不相同,所以智能

键盘能识别人的身份,保护人的隐私。所以答案为C项:打字模式因人而异。A:计算机很容易

操作;B:指纹扫描技术发展很快;D:数据安全措施有保证。3.B细节理解题。本题题干意为:研究者们对智能键盘期待什么?根据文章最后一段最后两

句话,研究者们说键盘应该直接商业化,智能键盘主要是由价格低廉的塑料类配件制成,团队希望它在不久的将来进入市场。所以答案为B项(它将很快到达消费者手里)。A:它将是环保的;

C:它将用塑料制造。此项为干扰项,用塑料制造是事实,但不是将来发生的事;D:它将有助于加

速打字。4.D推理判断题。本题题干意为:这篇文章最有可能来自哪里?文章介绍了一种新的保护电

子隐私空间的设备——智能键盘,并且希望产品能很快走进市场。本文语言客观严谨,属于科

普类文章,故答案为D项:杂志。A:日记;B:指导手册;C:小说。高考热词identityn.身份;特性uniqueadj.独特的straightforwardadj.简单的;坦率的;明

确的;径直的commercializev.使商业化;使商品化长难句

原句:ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevicethatgets

aroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.分析:该句主干为Researcherssaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice。fromGeorgia

Tech为介词短语作后置定语,修饰Researchers;thatgetsaroundthisproblem是定语从句,修饰

device。译文:来自GeorgiaTech的研究者说他们想出了一种低成本的解决这个问题的设备:智能键盘。Passage3(2019课标全国Ⅱ,D)词数:309Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodies

growuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhours

cleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAingthisverytinybigproblem?It'sturningto

abunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschool

classrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairport

HighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwo

years,Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythink

they'reclosetoasolution(解决方案).“Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.Theyhavetodo

itjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,

otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?'Basically,it's‘I'vegottoproducethisprod-

uctandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.'Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-per-sonreview,and...it'snotaverynicethingattimes.It'sahardbus