山东省临沂市河东区2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题 含解析

2022级普通高中学科素养水平监测试卷英语（试卷满分：150分考试时间：120分钟）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后你将有两分钟的时间将答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howwillthemangohome?A.Bybike.B.Bysubway.C.Bybus.2.Whathappenedtothewoman'sson?A.Hehurthisarm.B.Hehadaheadache.C.Hegotpainsinhisfingers.3.Whatwillthemandotonight?A.Dohishomework.B.WatchTV.C.Playfootball.4.WhatisMary'sphonenumber?A.97756431.B.86727151.C.86727115.5.Whatisthemanlookingfor?A.Acomputer.B.Acupoftea.C.Abook.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.WhatwillthewomandoforAlbert'sbirthday?A.Decoratehisroom.B.Organizeaparty.C.Prepareabigdinner.7.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantobring?A.Juice.B.Acake.C.Fruit.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aninterview.B.AnEnglishclass.C.Apieceofhomework.9.WhatdidMr.Graytalkalotabout?A.ThemethodsoflearningEnglish.B.Thecultureofsomecountries.C.Therulesintheclassroom.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10.Whathasthemandecidedtodoforhisholiday?A.Goclimbing.B.Gohiking.C.Gocamping.11.Howlongwillthemanbeaway?A.Sevendays.B.Sixdays.C.Fivedays.12.Whatisthewoman'sopinionabouthikingandclimbing?A.Fun.B.Tiring.C.Relaxing.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。13.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Atschool.C.Atarestaurant.14.Whodoesthegirlusuallytalktowhensheisupset?A.Herfriends.B.Herparents.C.Herteachers.15.Wherewouldthegirltalkwithherfriend?A.Inashoppingcentre.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inacafe.16.Whatdoesthemansuggestthegirldo?A.Studyhard.B.Shopwithherfriends.C.Getintouchwithherfriendsoften.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.Whyisthespeakerusuallyhungrybylunchtime?A.Shedoesn'teatbiscuitsatwork.B.Sheonlyhasadrinkforbreakfast.C.Sheworksveryhard.18.Whendoesthespeakerendherlunchbreak?A.Atabout1:15.B.Atabout2:00.C.Atabout2:15.19.Whatdoesthespeakerdrinkforlunch?A.Tea.B.Coffee.C.Water.20.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkofherlife?A.Stressful.B.Enjoyable.C.Unhealthy.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。ASaveyourannualleaveandexplorebeautifultownsandplaceswithdaytripslessthantwohoursfromLondon,offeringachangeofscenery,deliciousfoodandagoodwalk.Youcanheadintoworkthenextdayfeelingrefreshed.MargateTheoldwillrememberMargateasasomewhatmockedholidaylocation,avintage(复古的)styleamusementparkwithrides.However,theyoungarenowmovinghereindrovesastheytakeadvantageoftheexcellenttransportlinksandtheworkingopportunities.AnotherdrawistheTurnerContemporaryartgalleryopenedin2011tocelebrateartistJMWTurner,andhisconnectiontoMargate.Thegalleryisfreetoenterandhasspectacularviews.TheNewForestAtover200squaremiles,theNewForestisaprotectednationalparkdottedwithsmalltowns.Therearemanytrailstowalkorcycle,whichareworthplanninginadvance.Thenewforest.co.ukisausefulresourceasithaswalkingandcycleroutessplitintofamily,dog-friendlyandthosethattakeinpubsorvillages.BrightonThereissomethingforeveryoneinBrighton:traditionalfishandchips,veganandrestaurants,theRoyalPavilionandshops—bothvintageandcontemporary—sellingclothing,jewellery,chocolateandrecords.AnyofthesmallcoffeeshopswouldbeagreatfirststopbeforeheadingtotheverypinkBooksforAmnestyshop.TheCotswoldsWiththeinstantlyrecognisablepale-yellowstonecottagesandseeminglyunendingsupplyofpubs,thetownsandvillagesthatcomprisetheCotswoldsarewellworthavisit.SpendthemorningwalkingaroundChippingNorton,amarkettownwithshopsandtheatres.Besuretopop-intoJafféandNeale,thebookshopandcafethathasbeenopensince2006.1.WhatattractstheyoungergenerationinMargate?A.Itsamusementpark. B.Theprotectednationalpark.C.TheTurnerContemporaryartgallery. D.Itsconvenienttransportationandworkingchances.2.Whereshouldyougoifyouwanttowalkwithyourdog?A.Brighton. B.TheNewForest. C.Margate. D.TheCotswolds.3.WhatdoBrightonandTheCotswoldshaveincommon?A.Lifestyle. B.Traditionalfood. C.Coffeehouses. D.Ancientcottages.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个旅游目的地，从伦敦出发不到两小时的一日游，探索美丽的城镇和地方，提供改变风景，美味的食物和良好的散步。第二天可以精神抖擞地去上班。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Margate部分的“However,theyoungarenowmovinghereindrovesastheytakeadvantageoftheexcellenttransportlinksandtheworkingopportunities.(然而，年轻人现在正成群结队地搬到这里，因为他们利用了这里良好的交通联系和工作机会)”可知，Margate吸引年轻人的地方是便利的交通和工作机会。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据TheNewForest部分的“Thenewforest.co.ukisausefulresourceasithaswalkingandcycleroutessplitintofamily,dog-friendlyandthosethattakeinpubsorvillages.(Thenewforest.co.uk是一个有用的资源，因为它有步行和自行车路线分为家庭路线、狗友好路线和酒吧或村庄路线)”可知，如果你想遛狗，你应该去TheNewForest。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Brighton部分“AnyofthesmallcoffeeshopswouldbeagreatfirststopbeforeheadingtotheverypinkBooksforAmnestyshop.(在前往非常粉红色的大赦书籍商店之前，任何一家小咖啡馆都是不错的第一站)”和TheCotswolds部分的“Besuretopop-intoJafféandNeale,thebookshopandcafethathasbeenopensince2006.(一定要去JaffeveandNeale逛逛，这家书店兼咖啡馆从2006年就开始营业了)”可知，这两个地方都有咖啡屋。故选C。BInasmallteashoplocatedinBisalpur,UttarPradesh,onecanspotuniquefurniturelikestools(凳子)andtablesmadeofbricksandrecycledplastic.Otherthancustomers,touristswhocometovisitthenearbyJawaiDamoftenstopbyheretohandplasticwasteovertotheshopkeeper.RunbyKanaRamMewada,theshopnotonlysellsteaandsnacks,butalsoleadsacampaigntoreducetheuseofsingle-useplasticinthevillage.AccordingtoareportoftheCentralPollutionControlBoard(CPCB)in2019—2020,3.5millionmetrictons(公吨)ofplasticwasteisannuallygeneratedinIndia,andwillremaininlandfills(垃圾填埋场)fortheupcominghundredsofyears.KanawasdeeplydisturbedafterreadingthatreportontheInternetandbeganthinkingaboutwaystoraisethevillagers’awarenessandmakehisvillagefreeofplastic.Hestartedacampaignbycollectingplasticwastefromhisownshopandroadside.Whenevercustomerscame,heexplainedthecampaign.Inordertoattractmorepeople,hestartedgivingsomethinginreturnforthewastetheybrought.Sometimes,hepurchasedafewthingsmadeofrecycledwastetoshowthevillagersandtoldthemtheywerecreatedfromtheirplasticwastecontribution.Healsomadedecorativeitemsoutofthewasteandplacedthemaroundtheshop.Asaresult,peoplefromthevillagebecamecuriousabouthiscampaign.Eventouristsbeganparticipatingintheexchange.Andtoday,theforest,riversandpublicspacesthatwereoncefilledwithplasticwastearecleanerthanbefore.Hehopesthathecanalsohelptheneighboringvillagesrecycleplasticwasteandmakethewholeareaplastic-free.“Whenanordinarypersonlikemedecidedtostartacause,itwasinspiringthatawholevillagestoodbymeandsupportedme.Wecanallbecometorchbearers(启蒙者)forabettertomorrow.Whatwehavetodoistakeastepforward,”hesaid.4.WhatledKanatostartthecampaign?A.Anonlinereport. B.Tourists’behavior.C.Customers’advice. D.Hisvisittolandfills.5.WhydidKanaplaceplasticdecorationsaroundhisshop?A.Togetmorepeopletojoinhiscampaign. B.Toteachshoppershowtomakethem.C.Tomakehisshopmuchmorebeautiful. D.Toadvertisethegoodsinhisshop.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeKana?A.Considerateandproud. B.Ambitiousandgenerous.C.Responsibleandcreative. D.Determinedandhumorous.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Ashopkeeper’spathtosuccess. B.AhistorictouristspotinBisalpur.C.Auniquewayofturningwasteintoart. D.Ashopkeeper’scampaignforplasticrecycling.【答案】4.A5.A6.C7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要说明了店主KanaRamMewada在看了网上的报告后，决定发起收集塑料垃圾，让村庄远离塑料的活动。他把塑料做成一些独特的家具，吸引了很多人参与。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“KanawasdeeplydisturbedafterreadingthatreportontheInternetandbeganthinkingaboutwaystoraisethevillagers’awarenessandmakehisvillagefreeofplastic.(卡纳在网上读到这篇报道后深感不安，他开始思考如何提高村民的意识，让他的村庄远离塑料。)”可知，网上报告让卡纳发起了这场运动。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Hestartedacampaignbycollectingplasticwastefromhisownshopandroadside.Whenevercustomerscame,heexplainedthecampaign.Inordertoattractmorepeople,hestartedgivingsomethinginreturnforthewastetheybrought.(他从自己的商店和路边收集塑料垃圾，发起了一项运动。每当顾客来了，他就向他们解释这次活动。为了吸引更多的人，他开始为他们带来的垃圾提供一些回报。)”可知，卡纳在他的商店周围放置塑料装饰是为了让更多的人加入他的运动。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“KanawasdeeplydisturbedafterreadingthatreportontheInternetandbeganthinkingaboutwaystoraisethevillagers’awarenessandmakehisvillagefreeofplastic.(卡纳在网上读到这篇报道后深感不安，他开始思考如何提高村民的意识，让他的村庄远离塑料。)”以及第一段“InasmallteashoplocatedinBisalpur,UttarPradesh,onecanspotuniquefurniturelikestools(凳子)andtablesmadeofbricksandrecycledplastic.(在北方邦比萨尔普尔的一家小茶店里，你可以看到一些独特的家具，比如用砖和回收塑料制成的凳子和桌子。)”可推知，卡纳有责任心和创造性。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“InasmallteashoplocatedinBisalpur,UttarPradesh,onecanspotuniquefurniturelikestools(凳子)andtablesmadeofbricksandrecycledplastic.Otherthancustomers,touristswhocometovisitthenearbyJawaiDamoftenstopbyheretohandplasticwasteovertotheshopkeeper.RunbyKanaRamMewada,theshopnotonlysellsteaandsnacks,butalsoleadsacampaigntoreducetheuseofsingle-useplasticinthevillage.(在北方邦比萨尔普尔的一家小茶店里，你可以看到一些独特的家具，比如用砖和回收塑料制成的凳子和桌子。除了顾客之外，来附近贾瓦伊大坝参观的游客也经常路过这里，把塑料垃圾交给店主。这家店由KanaRamMewada经营，不仅出售茶叶和零食，还领导了一场减少村里一次性塑料使用的运动。)”结合文章主要说明了店主KanaRamMewada在看了网上的报告后，决定发起收集塑料垃圾，让村庄远离塑料的活动。他把塑料做成一些独特的家具，吸引了很多人参与。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是一个店主的塑料回收运动。故选D。CDespitethefactthatburgers,chipsandfriesareknownassomeofthemostunhealthyfoodwecaneat,theyarestillthemostpopularfood.Thereareafewreasonsbehindthat.First,junkfoodisgenerallyeasytogetandtakewithyou.Thisconvenienceisamajordrawformany,especiallypeoplewhoarealwaysonthego.RestaurantslikeMcDonald’sandKFCcanbefoundoutsidemanyschoolsandworkplaces,providingmealsinunderaminute.Secondly,junkfoodcontainsalotofaddedsugarandfat.Thiskindoffoodcausesourbraintosendoutcertainchemicals,whichproducethefeelingofrelaxation,pleasureandenjoyment.That’swhysuchfoodiscalled“comfortfood”.Thirdly,ourancestorsdidn’thavesucheasyaccesstothehugevarietyoffoodwecomeacrosseveryday.Theydidn’thavetheconvenienceofhavingfoodaseasilyaswedo.Sotheymadeitahabittoeatasmuchastheycouldtosurviveandprotectthemselvesfromthehardnaturalconditions.Thecavementality(心理)ispasseddowntous,whichmakesusbelievethatwecanneverhaveenoughfoodthatishighinsugarandfat,nomatterhowcrazilyweeat.Besides,whenwearetooworriedandtiredtorelax,ourbodyproducescortisol(皮质醇),whichincreasesthesugarcontentintheblood,soitcanbeusedasenergytoaidinfatandcarbohydratemetabolism(碳水化合物代谢).Additionally,itisalsofoundtoincreasehunger.That’sthereasonwhywhenwe’rethinkingaboutunpleasantthings,wepreferfoodsthatarehighinsugar,fatandcarbohydrate,thatistosayunhealthyfood.8.WhyareMcDonald’sandKFCmentioned?A.Toshowtheytakeupthebestsite. B.Toshowtheyprovidegoodservice.C.Toshowtheyarefamousfortheirtaste. D.Toshowtheymakejunkfoodeasytoget.9.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinParagraph4?A.Weneedallkindsoffood. B.Ourancestorslivedahardlife.C.Weareborntoeatmorethanweneed. D.Itisdifficultforustochangeourhabits.10.Whatisacauseoftheincreaseofsugarcontentinourbody?A.Toomuchstress. B.Awishforfood.C.Afastmetabolicrate. D.Nothavingenoughenergy.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?AHowharmfuljunkfoodis. B.Whyfastfoodissodelicious.C.Howwecandevelopahealthylifestyle. D.Whyweloveunhealthyfoodsomuch.【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了垃圾食品不健康但是仍然很受欢迎的几个原因。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“First,junkfoodisgenerallyeasytogetandtakewithyou.Thisconvenienceisamajordrawformany,especiallypeoplewhoarealwaysonthego.RestaurantslikeMcDonald’sandKFCcanbefoundoutsidemanyschoolsandworkplaces,providingmealsinunderaminute.(首先，垃圾食品通常很容易买到并随身携带。这种便利是吸引许多人的主要原因，尤其是那些总是在路上的人。像麦当劳和肯德基这样的餐厅可以在许多学校和工作场所外找到，在一分钟内提供饭菜。)”可推知，提到麦当劳和肯德基是为了表明他们使垃圾食品很容易得到。故选D。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Thirdly,ourancestorsdidn’thavesucheasyaccesstothehugevarietyoffoodwecomeacrosseveryday.Theydidn’thavetheconvenienceofhavingfoodaseasilyaswedo.Sotheymadeitahabittoeatasmuchastheycouldtosurviveandprotectthemselvesfromthehardnaturalconditions.Thecavementality(心理)ispasseddowntous,whichmakesusbelievethatwecanneverhaveenoughfoodthatishighinsugarandfat,nomatterhowcrazilyweeat.(第三，我们的祖先没有这么容易获得我们每天遇到的各种各样的食物。他们不像我们这样容易得到食物。因此，他们养成了尽可能多吃的习惯，以生存并保护自己免受恶劣的自然条件的影响。洞穴心态传给了我们，这让我们相信，无论我们吃得多么疯狂，我们都永远不会有足够的高糖和高脂肪的食物。)”可知，第四段告诉我们，我们生来就吃得比我们需要的多。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Besides,whenwearetooworriedandtiredtorelax,ourbodyproducescortisol(皮质醇),whichincreasesthesugarcontentintheblood,soitcanbeusedasenergytoaidinfatandcarbohydratemetabolism(碳水化合物代谢).Additionally,itisalsofoundtoincreasehunger.(此外，当我们过于担心和疲劳而无法放松时，我们的身体会产生皮质醇，这会增加血液中的糖含量，因此它可以作为能量来帮助脂肪和碳水化合物的代谢。此外，它还会增加饥饿感。)”可知，压力太大导致我们体内的糖含量增加。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Despitethefactthatburgers,chipsandfriesareknownassomeofthemostunhealthyfoodwecaneat,theyarestillthemostpopularfood.(尽管汉堡、薯条和薯条被认为是最不健康的食物，但它们仍然是最受欢迎的食物。)”结合文章主要分析了垃圾食品不健康但是仍然很受欢迎的几个原因。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是为什么我们这么喜欢不健康的食物。故选D。DOneofthethingsthatmakehumansmammals(哺乳动物)isthatwe’rewarm-blooded—ourbodieshavehighmetabolism(新陈代谢)thatmaintainsourinternaltemperatureindependentofthesurroundings,unlikecold-bloodedanimalsthathavetolieinthesunforheat.Amongmodernanimals,onlymammalsandbirdsarewarm-bloodedandourabilitytokeepourselveswarmhasenabledustosurviveinicyweatherandmakelongmigrations.Butit’sbeenamysteryexactlywhenmammalsevolvedtheirhighmetabolism.Inanewstudy,scientistspointtoanunlikelysourcefordeterminingwhenancientmammalancestorsbecamewarm-blooded.Theearsofalllivingcreaturesthathavebackbonescontaintinycanals(管道)filledwithfluidthathelpsusbalance.Therunniness(流动性)ofthatfluidchangesbasedontemperature,andourinnerearshaveevolveddifferentsizessothatthefluidcanflowcorrectly.Cold-bloodedanimals’earfluidiscoolerandthicker,soitneedswiderspacestotravelthrough,whilewarm-bloodedanimalshaverunnierearfluid,soourcanalsaredifferent.“Canalsweregenerallyusedtopredictthemovementoffossilorganisms.However,bycarefullylookingattheirbiomechanics(生物力学),wefiguredthatwecouldalsousethemtoinferbodytemperature,”saysRomainDavid,oneofthestudy’sleadauthors.“Thisisbecause,likehoney,thefluidinsidecanalsgetsrunnierwhentemperatureincreases,impactingfunction.Therefore,duringthetransitiontoendothermy(温血性),physicaladaptationwasrequiredtokeepbestperformances,andwecouldtrackearcanalsinmammalancestors.”Totracktheseevolutionarychanges,theresearcherscomparedthesizesoftheinnerearcanalsofover300animals,including243livingspeciesand64extinctones.Theyfoundthatmammalancestorsdidn’tdevelopthekindsofinnerearstructuresidealforwarm-bloodedanimalsuntil233millionyearsago.Theoriginofmammalianendothermyisoneofthegreatmysteriestobesolved.Manydifferentapproacheshavebeenusedtotrytopredictwhenitfirstevolved,buttheyhaveoftengivenunclearorconflictingresults.Thismethodshowsrealpromisebecauseithasbeenconfirmedusingaverylargenumberofmodernspecies.12.Whichofthefollowingmightbethekeytomammals’longmigrations?A.Thelargebodysize. B.Therichfoodresources.C.Thewarm-bloodedness. D.Theadaptabilitytosurroundings.13.Whatcanwelearnaboutwarm-bloodedanimalscomparedtocold-bloodedones?A.Theyhavemuchbiggerbackbones.B.Theirinnerearcanalsarerelativelynarrow.C.Theyaremuchmoresensitivetooutsidesounds.D.Theirearfluidseldomchangeswithtemperature.14.WhatdoRomainDavid’swordsinparagraph3mainlytellus?A.Theoriesontheevolutionofmammalancestors.B.Thereasonforstudyingtheinnerearsofmammals.C.Theimportanceofphysicaladaptationtomammals.D.Possiblewaystopredictthemovementoffossilorganisms.15.What’stheauthor’sattitudetothenewmethodoftrackingevolutionarychanges?A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful. C.Negative. D.Unconcerned.【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，研究发现，通过研究动物的内耳可以研究哺乳动物为什么是恒温动物。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Amongmodernanimals,onlymammalsandbirdsarewarm-bloodedandourabilitytokeepourselveswarmhasenabledustosurviveinicyweatherandmakelongmigrations.(在现代动物中，只有哺乳动物和鸟类是恒温动物，我们保持体温的能力使我们能够在寒冷的天气中生存，并进行长途迁徙。)”可知，哺乳动物能进行长途迁徙的关键是因为是恒温动物。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Theearsofalllivingcreaturesthathavebackbonescontaintinycanalsfilledwithfluidthathelpsusbalance.Therunninessofthatfluidchangesbasedontemperature,andourinnerearshaveevolveddifferentsizessothatthefluidcanflowcorrectly.Cold-bloodedanimals’earfluidiscoolerandthicker,soitneedswiderspacestotravelthrough,whilewarm-bloodedanimalshaverunnierearfluid,soourcanalsaredifferent.(所有有脊椎的生物的耳朵里都有微小的管道，里面充满液体，帮助我们保持平衡。这种液体的流动性会随着温度的变化而变化，我们的内耳也进化出了不同的大小，这样液体才能正常流动。冷血动物的耳液更冷、更厚，所以需要更宽的空间来通过，而恒温动物的耳液更流动，所以我们的耳道是不同的。)”可知，比起冷血动物，恒温动物的内耳道相对狭窄。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Canalsweregenerallyusedtopredictthemovementoffossilorganisms.However,bycarefullylookingattheirbiomechanics,wefiguredthatwecouldalsousethemtoinferbodytemperature,”saysRomainDavid,oneofthestudy’sleadauthors.“Thisisbecause,likehoney,thefluidinsidecanalsgetsrunnierwhentemperatureincreases,impactingfunction.Therefore,duringthetransitiontoendothermy,physicaladaptationwasrequiredtokeepbestperformances,andwecouldtrackearcanalsinmammalancestors.”(“运河通常被用来预测化石生物的运动。然而，通过仔细观察它们的生物力学，我们发现我们也可以用它们来推断体温，”该研究的主要作者之一罗曼·大卫说。“这是因为，像蜂蜜一样，当温度升高时，管道内的液体会变得更流动，影响功能。因此，在向恒温动物过渡的过程中，需要身体适应以保持最佳表现，我们可以追踪哺乳动物祖先的耳道。”)”可知，本段讲述了研究哺乳动物耳道的理由。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thismethodshowsrealpromisebecauseithasbeenconfirmedusingaverylargenumberofmodernspecies.(这种方法显示出真正的希望，因为它已经被大量的现代物种所证实。)”可推知，作者对追踪进化变化的新方法持赞赏态度。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoBeLessEmotionalBeingoverlyemotionalmaymeanreactingtofeelingslikeanger,sadnessandfearquicklyinsteadoflettingallofyourintelligenceweighin.Chancesare,ifyoufeeloverlyemotionalyouarerelatingtoyouremotionsinawaythatisn'talwaysconstructive.___16___Identifyemotions.It'simportanttoknowwhatyoufeelsoyoucanadequatelyaddresseachemotionappropriately.___17___Ifyoufeelanger,forinstance,youmaystarttonoticeyourbreathingquickening,yourmusclestensing,oryourskinfeelingflushed.Ifyou'rehappy,youmaynoticesmilingorfeelingsoflightnessinyourbody.___18___Theycanhelpcalmyoudownwhenyou'reexperiencingoverwhelmingemotions.Ifyou'refeelingoverwhelmedbyemotionalintensity,pausetofocusonyourbreathing.Breathingtechniquescanhelpyoumanageyouremotionsmoreeffectivelyandhelpyouhandleintenseemotionsbetter.Youmaynoticethatasyouexperienceintenseemotions,theybringyoufurtherfromexperiencingyourselfandyourbody.Monitoryourexpectations.Sometimes,thewayyoufeelmaybeinfluencedbyhowyouexpecttofeel.___19___Ifyounoticeyourselfplacingexpectationsonhowyou“should”feel,holdoffonmakingthatjudgmentuntilyou'vecompletedthesituation.Or,youmayconsiderwhichsituationsyouwanttoenterintobeforehand.Adjustyourroutinestoreducestress.Thinkaboutwhateventstriggeryourstrongemotions,andtrytoeitheravoidthemorcontrolyourresponse.Forinstance,ifyoutendtogetanxiousbecauseyouoftenrunlateforwork,adjustyourmorningroutinesoyouarenotrushing.___20___A.Copewithyouremotions.B.Practicebreathingtechniques.C.However,it'simportanttolearntoregulateyouremotions.D.Ifyoufeelanxious,youmaynoticeyouburnalotofemotionalenergyworrying.E.Starttoreflectonhowyourbodyfeelswhenyounoticeanemotioncomingthrough.F.Ifthereisagroupofpeoplethatbringoutlotsofunpleasantemotions,decreaseyourtimewiththem.G.Forinstance,ifyouexpectthatwatchingamoviemaymakeyousad,youmayendupfeelingsad.【答案】16.C17.E18.B19.G20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何不过度情绪化的有效方式。【16题详解】根据前文“Beingoverlyemotionalmaymeanreactingtofeelingslikeanger,sadnessandfearquicklyinsteadoflettingallofyourintelligenceweighin.Chancesare,ifyoufeeloverlyemotionalyouarerelatingtoyouremotionsinawaythatisn'talwaysconstructive.(过度情绪化可能意味着对愤怒、悲伤和恐惧等情绪的反应很快，而不是让你所有的智力都发挥作用。很有可能，如果你感觉过于情绪化，那么你处理情绪的方式并不总是建设性的)”及下文小标题讲述如何不过度情绪化的策略可知，C项“然而，学会调节情绪是很重要的。”符合语境，承上启下，与前文是转折关系，引出下文内容。故选C。【17题详解】根据前文“Identifyemotions.It'simportanttoknowwhatyoufeelsoyoucanadequatelyaddresseachemotionappropriately.(识别情绪。了解自己感受是很重要的，这样你才能适当地处理每一种情绪)”可知，要识别自己的情绪，了解自己的感受以便于适当的处理情绪。由此可知，E项“当你注意到一种情绪时，开始反思你的身体是如何感受的。”符合语境。故选E。【18题详解】空处为段落标题，根据后文“Theycanhelpcalmyoudownwhenyou'reexperiencingoverwhelmingemotions.Ifyou'refeelingoverwhelmedbyemotionalintensity,pausetofocusonyourbreathing.Breathingtechniquescanhelpyoumanageyouremotionsmoreeffectivelyandhelpyouhandleintenseemotionsbetter.(当你情绪失控时，它们可以帮助你平静下来。如果你被强烈的情绪压得喘不过气来，停下来专注于你的呼吸。呼吸技巧可以帮助你更有效地管理你的情绪，帮助你更好地处理强烈的情绪)”可知，本段建议通过呼吸调整情绪。由此可知，B项“练习呼吸技巧。”符合语境，承上启下。故选B。【19题详解】根据前文“Monitoryourexpectations.Sometimes,thewayyoufeelmaybeinfluencedbyhowyouexpecttofeel.(监控你的期望。有时候，你的感受可能会受到你期望的感受的影响)”可知，情绪感受会受到期待的影响，因此要监控自己的期待，结合下文“Ifyounoticeyourselfplacingexpectationsonhowyou“should”feel,holdoffonmakingthatjudgmentuntilyou'vecompletedthesituation.Or,youmayconsiderwhichsituationsyouwanttoenterintobeforehand.(如果你注意到自己对自己“应该”的感觉抱有期望，那么在你完成这个情况之前，先不要做出这样的判断。或者，你可以事先考虑你想要进入哪些情况)”可知，我们要监控自己的期待的方式。由此可知，G项“例如，如果你期望看一部电影会让你感到悲伤，你最终可能会感到悲伤。”符合语境，承上启下。故选G。【20题详解】根据前文“Adjustyourroutinestoreducestress.Thinkaboutwhateventstriggeryourstrongemotions,andtrytoeitheravoidthemorcontrolyourresponse.Forinstance,ifyoutendtogetanxiousbecauseyouoftenrunlateforwork,adjustyourmorningroutinesoyouarenotrushing.(调整你日常生活以减少压力。想想是什么事件触发了你强烈的情绪，然后试着避免它们或者控制你的反应。例如，如果你经常因为上班迟到而感到焦虑，那就调整一下你的早晨习惯，这样你就不会赶时间了)”可知，通过调整日常生活减少情绪化，并举例说明。由此可知，F项“如果有一群人会给你带来很多不愉快的情绪，那就减少和他们在一起的时间。”符合语境，与前文都是举例说明如何调整日常生活减少情绪化。故选F。第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Inelementaryschool,myfathertoldme,“Itdoesn’tmatterwhatyou'lldowhenyougrowup;thekeyisthatitwillmakeyoupleased.___21___isthewholepointoflife.Itneeds___22___andeffort.Yourmotherlovestohelppeople___23___,soshebecameanurse.Ilovereadingandpoetry,soIbecameapoet.Webothfindhappinessindailyhardwork.”AfewyearslaterwhenIwasinjuniorhigh,myheadteacher___24___withmeafterschoolbecauseIwasn’t___25___.Shementionedsomesuccessfulpeopleinhistoryduringtheconversation.Thensheaskedwhatmy___26___was.ItoldherthatIjustwantedtobehappy.She___27___foramomentandthensheagreedwithme.WhenIwasayounggirl,theletterthatmygrandmawrotetomehadalineabout“___28___happinessinhardwork”,whichismymottothatstillresonates(产生共鸣)withmetoday.Ifindsomepeopleattachtothe___29___thatlifeshouldbeeasierthanitis.___30___,Ithink,regardlessofwhatyou___31___,youmustn’tneglecthardwork,becausehappinessishiddenin___32___.Sincegraduationfromcollege,Ihavebeen___33___topassingallmyknowledgetomystudents.Ifindhappinesswhenmyhardworkis___34___bytheirrespectandloveforme.Becauseofmycontributionto___35___,IwontheExcellentTeacherAwardthisyearandI'lldomoreinthefuture.21.A.Fitness B.Happiness C.Forgiveness D.Calmness22.A.confidence B.satisfaction C.experience D.enthusiasm23.A.inneed B.inpanic C.inpoor D.ingeneral24.A.joked B.dealt C.talked D.quarreled25.A.active B.attractive C.cautious D.ambitious26.A.secret B.dream C.concern D.feature27.A.thought B.cried C.laughed D.waited28.A.spreading B.defining C.imagining D.seeking29.A.suggestion B.exception C.expectation D.conclusion30.A.Otherwise B.Moreover C.However D.Therefore31.A.giveup B.pickout C.engagein D.comeacross32.A.effort B.darkness C.courage D.trouble33.A.devoted B.limited C.tried D.expected34.A.determined B.inspired C.replaced D.repaid35.A.history B.education C.medicine D.literature【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.D26.B27.A28.D29.C30.C31.C32.A33.A34.D35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者从小受到父亲的教育，认为幸福是生活的全部意义，希望成为一个通过努力而获得幸福的人，并最终成为了一名优秀的教师，也找到了快乐和幸福。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸福是生活的全部意义。A.Fitness健康；B.Happiness高兴，幸福；C.Forgiveness原谅；D.Calmness冷静。上文“thekeyisthatitwillmakeyoupleased”提到关键是要高兴，故此处指幸福是生活的全部意义，故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它需要热情和努力。A.confidence信心；B.satisfaction满意；C.experience经验；D.enthusiasm热情。根据下文“Yourmotherlovestohelppeople___3___,soshebecameanurse.”可知，母亲由于热爱而成为护士，故此处指它需要热情，故选D。【23题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：你妈妈喜欢帮助有需要的人，所以她当了护士。A.inneed需要，在困难中；B.inpanic恐慌；C.inpoor在贫穷中；D.ingeneral一般来说。根据“soshebecameanurse”可知，成为护士应是为了帮助有需要的人，故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年后，当我上初中的时候，我的班主任在放学后和我谈话，因为我没有抱负。A.joked开玩笑；B.dealt处理；C.talked谈论，交谈；D.quarreled争吵。结合