（外研版）新高考英语一轮复习讲义 选择性必修第三册　Unit 5 Learning from nature

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．lotusn．莲花，荷花2．termiten．白蚁3．moundn．土堆，土丘4．algaen．藻类(植物)5．pinecone松果，松球6．tilen．瓦片7．mimicv．模仿8．waterfrontn．滨水地区9．promenaden．滨海步行道10．plumbingn．管道系统11．biomimicryn．仿生学12．dioxiden．二氧化物13．convertv．使转变；使转换14．frontiern．(学科的)知识前沿15．pondn．池塘16．batn．蝙蝠17．echo-locationn．回声定位18．radarn．雷达19．swimsuitn．游泳衣20．dragonflyn．蜻蜓21．dronen．无人驾驶飞机22．spidern．蜘蛛23．superficiallyadv.表面(上)地24．cottagen．乡村小屋25．deliberatelyadv.不慌不忙地，从容不迫地26．lanen．(乡间的)小路27．atopprep.在……顶上28．mulberryn．桑葚；桑树29．fulfilmentn．满足(感)Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．superbadj.极好的，出色的2．sowv．播(种)3．physiciann．医生4．bowv．鞠躬5．ruraladj.农村的，乡村的6．decentadj.可接受的，相当好的7．domesticadj.驯养的；家养的8．reluctantadj.不情愿的；勉强的9．resignv．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于10．botanicaladj.植物(学)的11．easen．舒适，悠闲12．attainv．得到，获得Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．architectn．建筑师→architecturen．建筑风格，建筑设计2．wisdomn．智慧→wiseadj.有智慧的，高明的→unwiseadj.不明智的→wiselyadv.明智地3．employv．使用，运用→employern．老板，雇主→employeen．员工→employmentn．雇用；工作；就业4．withdrawv．退出→withdrawaln．收回；撤退5．depressiveadj.抑郁的→depressv．使抑郁→depressedadj.沮丧的→depressionn．抑郁症；沮丧；萧条期6．departv．离开→departuren．离开7．purityn．纯洁；洁净→pureadj.纯洁的，纯净的→purifyv．使纯净，净化8．rejectv．拒绝接受→rejectionn．拒绝9．evaluatev．评估，评价→evaluationn．评估1．persistence/pə'sIstəns/n．坚持；锲而不舍→persistent/pə'sIstənt/adj.执着的；持续的→persist/pə'sIst/vi.&vt.坚持；执意2．taketheplunge(尤指思考后的)果断行事；毅然决定3．conclusively/kən'kluːsIvli/adv.不容置疑地→conclusive/kən'kluːsIv/adj.结论性的；不容置疑的4．bid/bId/vt.(bid，bid)向(某人)问候(或道别等)；出价；投标farewell/ˌfeə'wel/n．告别；辞行bidsomebodyfarewell向某人道别5．feasibility/ˌfiːzə'bIləti/n．可行性6．credibility/ˌkredə'bIləti/n．可信性；可靠性7．reinforce/ˌriːIn'fɔːs/vt.加强；加深；加固8．execute/'eksIkjuːt/vt.执行；实施；处决→execution/ˌeksI'kjuːʃn/n．执行；实施；处决9．counsel/'kaʊnsl/n．劝告；忠告；建议vt.提供专业咨询；建议；劝告10．giveforth详述；发表(著作、意见等)；发出(香味、声音等)Ⅳ.背核心短语1．take...forgranted认为……理所当然2．seeksolutionsto寻求解决办法3．takeinspirationfrom从……中获取灵感4．ateasewith不拘束，放松5．o(使)……转变为6．respondto回应，响应7．inreturnfor作为对……的回报8．draw...from从……中得到……9．beopposedto反对10．withdrawfrom从……撤出/退出11．inotherwords换句话说12．resignoneselfto听任/顺从/只好接受某事Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Thebuildingwasdesignedtoshowtheconnectionbetweennatureandthemoderncityenvironmentinwhichitsits.(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)这座建筑旨在展示自然和它所处的现代城市环境之间的联系。2．ZimbabweanarchitectMickPearcewasinspiredtocreatetheCentrewhilewatchinganaturedocumentaryinwhichtermiteswereconstructingtheirnests.(状语从句的省略)津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在观看一部白蚁筑巢的自然纪录片时受到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。3．WhileTao’sreturntonaturewasareactiontoalifestylehewasopposedto，Thoreau’swasapersonaldecisiontotransformthewayhelived.(while连接并列句，表对比)陶渊明回归自然是对他反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人决定而改变自己的生活方式。4．Weshouldlivewiththeminharmonyandenjoynature’sgifts，ashedescribesinhisjournals...(as引导定语从句)我们应该和它们和谐相处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中所描述的那样……Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共11分)1．frontiern．(学科的)知识前沿2．dronen．无人驾驶飞机3．dioxiden．二氧化物4．convertv．使转变；使转换5．mimicv．模仿6．radarn．雷达7．algaen．藻类(植物)8．atopprep.在……顶上9．deliberatelyadv.不慌不忙地，从容不迫地10．cottagen．乡村小屋11．fulfilmentn．满足(感)Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1.5分，共15分)1．superbadj.极好的，出色的2．bowv．鞠躬3．ruraladj.农村的，乡村的4．decentadj.可接受的，相当好的5．domesticadj.驯养的；家养的6．reluctantadj.不情愿的；勉强的7．resignv．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于8．botanicaladj.植物(学)的9．easen．舒适，悠闲10．attainv．得到，获得Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题3分，共15分)1．depressiveadj.抑郁的→depressv．使抑郁→depressionn．抑郁症；沮丧；萧条期2．departv．离开→departuren．离开3．purityn．纯洁；洁净→pureadj.纯洁的，纯净的→purifyv．使纯净，净化4．rejectv．拒绝接受→rejectionn．拒绝5．withdrawv．退出→withdrawaln．收回；撤退Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)1．taketheplunge(尤指思考后的)果断行事；毅然决定2．bidsomebodyfarewell向某人道别3．reinforcevt.加强；加深；加固4．counseln．劝告；忠告；建议vt.提供专业咨询；建议；劝告5．giveforth详述；发表(著作、意见等)；发出(香味、声音等)Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2.5分，共15分)1．o(使)……转变为2．draw...from从……中得到……3．withdrawfrom从……撤出/退出4．resignoneselfto听任/顺从/只好接受某事5．takeinspirationfrom从……中获取灵感6．ateasewith不拘束，放松Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共8分)1．Onceanemployeremployssomeworkers，heorsheshouldpayontimeforwhattheemployeesdo.(employ)2．Inreality，heisamanofmuchwisdomandinawayheisquitelikehisfatherwhoalwaysusestimewisely.(wise)3．ThebuildingdesignedbyanoutstandingChinesearchitectisfamousforitsuniquearchitecture.(architect)4．Weneedtoevaluateourselves，ourvalues，ourstrengthsandsoonbecauseobjectiveevaluationwillbenefitus.(evaluate)Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)eq\x(take...forgranted，respondto，inotherwords，seeksolutionsto，inreturnfor)1．Ihavetriedveryhardtoseeksolutionstotheproblem，butinvain.2．Don’ttakeforgrantedwhatothersdoforyou.Youshouldbegrateful.3．Don’trespondtoanye-mailsrequestingpersonalinformation，nomatterhowofficialtheylook.4．Theyhavetopaytaxesintheirhomecountryinreturnfortheservicesprovidedbythegovernment.5．Yourperformanceinthedrivingtestdidn’treachtherequiredstandard—inotherwords，youfailed.Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共16分)1．正如上面提到的，敬老院里的老年人也需要温暖和关爱。(as引导定语从句)Asismentionedabove，theelderlypeopleinthenursinghomearealsoinneedofwarmthandcare.2．蹦极是一项惊险的运动，在这项运动中，勇气比力量更重要。(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)Bungeejumpingisanadventuroussport，inwhichcouragemattersmorethanstrength.3．那就是为什么她的哥哥身材很棒而她有一点胖。(while连接并列句)Thatiswhyherbrotherhasagoodbuildwhilesheisabitfat.4．当解决一个设计问题时，有时你可以从自然中寻找解决方案。(状语从句的省略)Whilesolvingadesignproblem，youcansometimeslooktonatureforasolution.Weareusedtonature’sbeautythatwealwaystakeforgranted.Actually，many1.architects(architect)takeinspirationfromnaturetomakedesignsforarchitecture.Andweregardthisactivityasbiomimicry2.which/thatemploystheconnectionbetweennatureandhumanbeings’artandsciencetocreatestructures3.mimicking(mimic)naturalformsandprocesses.AmongthemtheAlgaeHouseis4.asuperbexample5.covered(cover)inpanelscontainingalgae.Feedingthealgaewithliquidnutrientsandcarbondioxidecanencouragethem6.togrow(grow)．Inaddition7.tothis，insomeruralareas，nature’sbeautycanalsobebreathtaking.Walkingonthelanesatease8.enables(enable)peopletoattainasenseoffulfilment.Atthesametime，people’ssoulscan9.bepurified(purity)．Fortunately，nowadaysthegovernmenttriestoseeksolutionstothepreservationoftheprecious10.original(origin)ecology.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇employv．雇用；利用(时间、精力等)；使用，运用(employmentn．雇用；工作；就业employern．雇主，老板employeen．雇工，雇员)·employsbtodo...雇用某人做……employ...as...雇用……当……eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(employoneself,indoingsth,beemployedindoingsth))从事于……，忙于……·outofemployment失业(1)Theemployerofthecompanyistryingtocreateabetteratmospherewherehisemployees(employ)feelasenseoffulfilment.(2)Iwasemployedtoseek(seek)solutionstoanunexpectedaccidentandIwoulddowhateverIcouldtotakeonthejob.(3)(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你被聘为一所农村学校的助教，我写信向你致以诚挚的祝贺。在我看来，你工作再怎么努力都不为过，否则你就会失业。Learningthatyouareemployedasateachingassistantinaruralschool，Iamwritingtosendmysincerecongratulationstoyou.Inmyopinion，youcan’tworkhardenough；otherwiseyouwouldbeoutofemployment.(4)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我每天忙着准备写作比赛，抽不出时间来玩。①Iemployedmyselfin/wasemployedinpreparingforthewritingcompetitiononadailybasisandIcouldn’tspareanytimetoplayaround.②Employingmyselfin/Employedinpreparingforthewritingcompetitiononadailybasis，Icouldn’tspareanytimetoplayaround.(用分词短语作状语改写)resignvt.&vi.辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)；听任；顺从；安于(resignationn．辞职；辞职信；顺从)resignfrom从……辞职resignas...辞去当……的职务resignoneselfto(doing)sth听任/接受(做)某事(1)MrMorgan，afamousphysician，hasofferedhisresignation(resign)andithasbeenaccepted.(2)Twomembershaveresignedfromtheboardinprotestandaresaidtodepartfromthecompany.(3)Youhavenochoicebuttoresignyourselvestowaiting(wait)abitlonger.(4)为了照顾生病的母亲，玛丽决定辞去公司经理一职。Inordertolookafterhersickmother，Marydecidedtoresignherpositionasamanager/resignasmanagerinthecompany.easen．容易；舒适；自在vt.&vi.减轻；缓解；使安心；(使)宽慰withease容易地；不费力地ateasewith放松；不拘束put/setsbatease使某人放松/自在(1)Youngasheis，thelittleactorcanbeateasewiththestarswhoworkwithhim.(2)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)大卫开始时又害怕又紧张，但我的鼓励的话语使他放松下来，他抬起头朝起跑线走去。Davidwasfrightenedandnervousatthebeginningbutmyencouragingwordsput/sethimateaseandheheadedforthestartinglinewithhisheadraised.(3)(话题写作之语言学习)如果你每天坚持用英语写日记，你会很容易提高你的写作水平。①IfyouinsistonkeepingdiariesinEnglisheveryday，youcanimproveyourwritingskillswithease.②InsistonkeepingdiariesinEnglisheveryday，andyoucanimproveyourwritingskillswithease.(用“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”改写)take...forgranted认为……理所当然take...seriously认真对待……takeone’stime不用急；慢慢来takepridein以……为豪takechargeof负责，掌管takeadvantageof利用(1)(2022·全国甲，书面表达)我们总是理所当然地认为海洋可以提供给我们无穷无尽的资源，因此我们过度开发海洋。Wealwaystakeitforgrantedthatoceanscanprovideuswithlimitlessresources，soweoverdevelopouroceans.(2)上个月负责演讲活动时，我认真对待这件事。我充分利用每个向同学征求意见的机会，因此我完美地组织了这次活动。我的所有同学都以我为荣。WhenItookchargeofthespeechactivitylastmonth，Itookitseriously.ItookadvantageofeverychancetoaskmyclassmatesfortheiropinionssothatIorganizedtheactivityperfectly.Allofmyclassmatestookprideinme.respondto响应；对……作出反应；回答(respondvi.反应；回复，回答responsen．回答；反应)inresponseto作为……的回应make(no)responseto...对……给予/不予回答(1)他故意不回答我的问题，这气得我鼻孔冒烟。Hedidn’trespondto/didn’tmakeresponseto/madenoresponsetomyquestiononpurpose，whichmademynostrilssmoke.(2)(2023·北京，书面表达)应您上一封信的要求，我写信与您分享我对如何建设“绿色北京”的看法。Inresponsetoyourrequestinyourlastletter，Iamwritingtosharemyideaswithyouonhowtobuilda“GreenBeijing”．while用作并列连词WhileTao’sreturntonaturewasareactiontoalifestylehewasopposedto，Thoreau’swasapersonaldecisiontotransformthewayhelived.陶渊明回归自然是对他反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人决定而改变自己的生活方式。while用法较多，既可用作连词，也可用作名词：·表示“在……期间；当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句；·表示“只要”，引导条件状语从句；·表示“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句；·表示“而；却”，是并列连词，构成并列句；·用作名词，表示“一会儿；一段时间”，如：afterawhile过了一会儿；onceinawhile偶尔，间或。(1)写出下列句子中while的汉语意思①Thebossinsistedthattheplanbecarriedoutatonce，whilesomeofmanagersrejectedtheplan.而，却②Asweallknow，whilethereislife，thereishope.只要③WhileIwaslookingthroughthenewsonline，upcameavideoofalovelybear.当……的时候(2)(读后续写之升华句)尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么，但我们可以用决心和爱指引自己。Whilewecan’tpredictwhatwillhappeninthefuture，wecanguideourselveswithdeterminationandlove.(3)参观这次展览时，我们不仅可以欣赏民间艺术品，还可以学到很多东西。Whilevisitingthisexhibition，wewillnotonlyenjoythefolkartworksbutalsolearnalot.(状语从句的省略)用法点拨①while表示“虽然；尽管”时，不和连词but连用。②while还引导省略结构，后直接跟现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词或介词短语等。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．withdraweq\x(A.停止；不再给予B.撤离C.使退出；脱离)(1)Governmenttroopswereorderedtowithdraw.B(2)Thedrugwaswithdrawnfromsaleafteranumberofpeoplesufferedserioussideeffects.A(3)(2021·天津)HenryDavidThoreauwashappytowithdrawfromsociallife，seekingaharmoniousrelationshipwithnatureinthequietnessofhislife.C2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思(1)Thisnewdrugshouldhelpeasethepain.减轻，缓解(2)ThePresident’sspeechcoveredarangeofforeignanddomesticissues.国内的(3)(2023·全国甲)Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteraryformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstillbeemployedtodaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.使用，运用Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．There’snodoubtthatyoursuggestionwouldgotrejected(reject)becauseitwasquiteimpractical.2．Hetakesitforgrantedthathisassistantshouldlendmoneytohim.3．Oneofmyclientsisalwayshelpingpeoplewithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.4．It’stypicalofhimtorespondtoothers’requestsinspiteofhisownbusiness.5．Itisdemandedthatyoushouldn’twithdrawmoneyfromyourbankaccountifyoudon’thaveapassword.6．Ireckonthatheisreluctanttoput(put)histhoughtsintowords，sodon’tforcehim.7．Whilecycling(cycle)onthestreet，IsawanoldmanlyingonthegroundandIcametohisaidwithouthesitation.8．Ihavethecapacitytoanalyseandhandleunexpectedincidentswithease，sopleasetakemyapplicationintoconsideration.假如你是李华，请你以“ManandNature”为主题写一篇短文参加英文报Youth的有奖征文比赛，内容如下：1.人类从诞生之日起，为了满足自身需要，不断从自然界获取灵感，寻求解决问题的办法。2.人们向蝙蝠学习制造雷达，向池塘中的蜻蜓学习改善飞机的飞行性能。3.大自然是人类出色的老师，然而有些人反对向自然界学习，认为这些发明创造是理所当然的。4.人类应和大自然和谐相处，作为回报，它会带给我们巨大的利益。5.虽然人类主宰了这个世界，但我们不能违背自然规律，否则我们会受到大自然的惩罚。完成句子1．从出生的那一天起，人类就忙着从大自然中汲取灵感，寻求解决问题的办法。(beemployedin)2．人们利用蝙蝠的特性来制造雷达，利用池塘里蜻蜓的特性来提高飞机的飞行性能。(takeadvantageof)3．大自然是人类极好的老师，然而有些人反对向大自然学习，把这些发明和创造视为理所当然。(while；take...forgranted)4．人类应该与自然和谐相处，作为回报，它将给我们带来巨大的利益。(inreturn)5．在人类主宰世界的同时，我们不应该违背自然规律，否则我们只好接受自然的控制。(while)组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。参考范文ManandNatureFromthedayofbirth，humanbeingsareemployedintakinginspirationfromnatureandseekingsolutionstoproblems.Forexample，peopletookadvantageofthecharacteristicsofbatstomakeradarsandofdragonfliesinpondstoimprovetheflightperformanceofairplanes.Natureisasuperbteacherforhumanbeingswhilesomepeopleareopposedtolearningfromnatureandtaketheseinventionsandcreationsforgranted.Inmyopinion，humanbeingsshouldliveinharmonywithnatureandinreturnitwillbringusgreatbenefits.Whilehumanbeingsdominatetheworld，weshouldnotviolatethelawsofnature；otherwisewewillresignourselvestonature’scontrol.教材语料整合亮词[动作描写]mimic；sow；seeksolutionsto；takeinspirationfrom；employ；bow；withdraw；depart；reject；ease；attain[人物描写]physician；decent；deliberately；depressive；reluctant美句1.Visitorsareoftenamazedtofindthemselvesinanurbanbuildingthatsotrulycapturesthebeautyofnaturalforms.(情感描写)2．Bothmenwerehappytowithdrawfromcontemporarylife，seekingaharmoniousrelationshipwithnatureinthequietnessoftheirlives.(情感描写)拓展语料积累动作细节描写：说话单词ask问answer/reply/respond回答announce/declare宣布add补充说whisper小声说murmur/mutter喃喃地说sigh叹息道cry喊shout大叫scream尖叫roar大声说，吼叫blurt脱口而出exclaim大声说，惊叫gasp喘着气说snap厉声说mumble咕哝句型“Youstolesomething.Youwillbesearched，”heannounced.“你偷了东西。你将被搜身，”他郑重地说。Iwhispered，withmyvoicetrembling，“Itisn’tme.”我低声说，声音颤抖着，“不是我。”Hesighed，“Tellyourparentsaboutyourwrongdoing，”addingthatIcouldleave.(现在分词短语作状语)他叹了口气说：“告诉你的父母你做错了什么。”还说我可以走了。Heapproachedme，snappedanditseemedasifhewouldeatmeupinonegulp.他走近我，厉声说话，好像要把我一口吞下去。语料运用艺术灵感Havingplayedtheqinforthreeyears，Boyacouldn’tmasterthemysteryofmusic，①sighing，“PerhapsIwillwithdraw.”Sensinghisdepression，Boya’steacherChengLianblurted，“Let’svisitmyteacheronPenglaiMountainintheEastChinaSea，”②addingthathewouldbenefitalot(现在分词短语作状语)．Boyarespondedwillinglytohisteacher’sofferanddepartedforthedestination.Onreachingthemountain，③gaspingwithtiredness(现在分词短语作状语)，ChengLianannouncedthatBoyacouldpractiseplayingtheqinbyhimself.Attractedbythebreathtakingscenery，Boya④exclaimed/shouted/criedinexcitement，“Howsplendidthesceneryis！”Withinspirationwellingupinhisheart，hesatontheground，creatingthefamouscomposition—HighMountainsandRunningWater.Boya⑤heldhisteacher’shandsandmurmured/muttered，“Wecantakeinspirationfromnature.”伯牙弹了三年琴，还是不能掌握音乐的奥秘，叹道：“也许我该撤退了。”伯牙的老师成连察觉到他的沮丧，脱口而出：“我们去东海蓬莱山拜访我的老师吧。”并补充说他会受益匪浅。伯牙欣然接受了老师的建议，出发前往目的地。到了山上，成连累得喘不过气来，他宣布伯牙可以自己练习琴了。伯牙被这壮丽的景色所吸引，激动地叫道：“这景色多美啊！”灵感涌上心头，他坐在地上，创作了那首著名的曲子《高山流水》。伯牙握住老师的手，喃喃地说：“我们可以从大自然中获得灵感。”高考题型组合练35提示：带★的文章和单元主题相关Ⅰ.阅读理解A(★)John“Charlie”Veron—widelyknownas“theGodfatherofCoralReef(珊瑚礁)”—isacelebratedexpertwhohaspersonallydiscoverednearlyaquarteroftheworld’scoralspeciesandhasspentthepast45yearsdivingAustralia’sGreatBarrierReef.Butnowthe73-year-oldisraisingthealarmaboutitsfuture.TheGreatBarrierReef，oneofthenaturalwonders，is2,300kilometerslongandistheonlylivingorganismthatcanbeseenfromspace.ItisconsideredaWorldTreasureSiteduetoitsbiodiversity(生物多样性)with30speciesofwhales，dolphinsandsharks.Withinthereefitself，therearealsoanumberoftinyorganismsandfishes.However，itshealthisthreatened.Aftertherecentmassbleaching(白化)events，VerondivedinmanyareasoftheGreatBarrierReeftoseethedamageforhimself.“Iwasseeingandfeelingitanditwasabsolutelyshocking，”hesays.Veronsaysthemassbleachingeventsinthepastfewyears—andthepossibilityoflosingoneofnature’sgreatesttreasures—wereawake-upcallfortheworldinthewiderbattleagainstclimatechange，which，togetherwiththerisingseatemperature，isconsideredthegreatestthreatstothereef.Fortunately，earlierthisyear，theAustraliangovernmentannouncednearly400milliondollarsinnewfundingtowardsscientificprojectsdesignedtohelpthereef.TherehasbeencriticisminAustraliaabouttheslowprocessforthefunding.“Itwon’tbewasted，though，”Veronsays.“Asscientistswillbeabletocreateasortofseedbanktoprotectthespeciesuntiltheclimateisgoodenoughtorebuildthereef.Whatthescientistshopetodoistohelpnaturealongabitafterthebigcarbondioxideincreaseisoveranditstartstocomedown.”语篇解读这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了作为宝地的大堡礁正在面临消亡的危险。1．WhyistheGreatBarrierReefconsideredatreasuresite?A．Itisanaturalwonder.B．Itcanbeseenfromspace.C．Ithasarichvarietyofspecies.D．Itishometoagreatmanyfishes.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ItisconsideredaWorldTreasureSiteduetoitsbiodiversity(生物多样性)with30speciesofwhales，dolphinsandsharks.”可知，大堡礁被认为是一块宝地是因为其自身的生物多样性。故选C。2．What’sVeron’sattitudetothefutureofthereefaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful.C．Uncertain. D．Positive.答案D解析观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Asscientistswillbeabletocreateasortofseedbanktoprotectthespeciesuntiltheclimateisgoodenoughtorebuildthereef...”可知，对于大堡礁的未来Veron持积极乐观的态度。故选D。3．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A．Climatechangeisthreateningbiodiversity.B．TheGreatBarrierReefisindangerofextinction.C．Scientistshavefoundmajorfactorsinthereef’sbleaching.D．Veronhasmadegreatcontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.答案B解析主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了大堡礁因为其生物多样性被认为是一块宝地；第二、三段讲述了大堡礁正在受到威胁；第四、五段介绍了澳大利亚政府为了帮助大堡礁所做的努力以及专家Veron所持的观点态度。由此可知，本文主要介绍了大堡礁正在面临消亡的危险，故选B。4．Whatisthetext?A．Anewsreport.B．Atravelguide.C．Aresearchplan.D．Ajournalentry.答案A解析文章类型题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了大堡礁作为宝地的原因、正在受到威胁的现状以及政府和专家对此现象所持的态度。由此可推知，本文属于新闻报道，故选A。B(★)“TowardstheeIroll，thouall-destroyingbutunconqueringwhale;tothelastIgrapplewiththee;fromhell’sheartIstabatthee;forhate’ssakeIspitmylastbreathatthee.”CaptainAhab’sdyingdeclarationofdefiance(抗争)isamongthemostfamouspassagesinHermanMelville’snovel.Inreality，suchvictoriesofthehuntedoverthehunterwereafantasyinthecruelworldofindustrialwhaling.Thebiggestcetaceanofthemall，thebluewhale，hadallbutdisappearedfromtheSouthernOcean(南冰洋)bythetimeabanonhuntingitwasintroducedin1967.Sightingsofthelargestmammalevertoliveontheearthhadbeenrareintheregionsincethen.Notanymore.AsurveyofcoastalwatersaroundtheislandofSouthGeorgiainthesub-Antarctichashadremarkableresults.Injustoverthreeweeks，inthekrill-richwatersofwhatwasoncetheirmainfeedingground，themovementsof55AntarcticblueswererecordedbytheBritishAntarcticSurvey.Thefindingwasdescribedas“truly，trulyamazing”byonecetaceanspecialist.Itsuggeststhatwhenacomprehensiveaudit(审计)，duein2021，iscarriedout，thereisagoodchancethatthespecieswillprovetobeinfullrecoverymode，asarehumpbacksandotherwhalesinthesouthernhemisphere.In2017，theNaturalHistoryMuseumestablisheda25mskeleton(骨架)ofabluewhaleandnameditHope，intendingtoinspirenewgenerationstobuildasustainablefuture.Thereturnoftheworld’smostsplendidoceantravellerstosouthernwatersshouldserveasanexampleforwiderpossibilitiesofconservation.Ecologicalwrongscanberighted，oratleastmitigated，withsufficientwillandorganisations.Themoregeneralcomebackofthewhale—forwhichenvironmentalcampaignersshouldtakeagreatdealofcredit—canbeaninspirationforvictoriesyettobewon.Itcouldalsoactasanaddedmotivationtoactionontheclimateemergency.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了经过人类多年的努力，蓝鲸正在逐步回归海洋。5．What’stheauthor’spurposeofmentioningthefamouspassageinHermanMelville’snovel?A．Todescribeahunter’sbravery.B．Tointroducethetopicofthetext.C．Tostressthepopularityofthenovel.D．Toofferinformationaboutwhalehunting.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段末句以及第二段首句可知，小说中猎物的胜利令人激动，而现实中鲸鱼被工业化捕杀迫害严重，由此可推知，作者提到赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的小说中的这一桥段是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。故选B。6．Whywasa25mskeletonofabluewhalenamedHope?A．Toattracttouriststovisitthemuseum.B．Toshowtheunkindnessofwhalehunters.C．Tomotivatehumanstoliveharmoniouslywithnature.D．Tocallonpeopletopayattentiontothebluewhales’habitat.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第五段可知，一具25米长的蓝鲸骨架被命名为“希望”是为了激励人类与自然和谐相处，建设可持续发展的未来。故选C。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigated”inparagraph6probablymean?A．Developed. B．Promoted.C．Reduced. D．Solved.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Ecologicalwrongscanberighted，oratleast”以及后文“withsufficientwillandorganisations”可知，只要有足够的意愿和组织，生态错误是可以被纠正的，或者至少是可以减轻的。由此推断画线词“mitigated”意为“减少”，与reduced同义，故选C。8．What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A．TheBlueWhales’ComebackB．TheCrueltyofIndustrialWhalingC．TheImportanceofProtectingWhalesD．TheSustainableDevelopmentoftheAntarcticArea答案A解析标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第四段和最后一段可知，文章主要介绍了经过多年的努力，蓝鲸正在逐步回归海洋，这也激励人类继续保护环境。A选项“蓝鲸的回归”为本文最佳标题。故选A。CQuantumtheory(量子理论)isperhapsthemostsuccessfulscientificideaever.Yet，acenturyafteritsbirth，somethingremainsdeeplypuzzlingaboutquantumtheory.Itdoesnottellushowphysicalsystemsbehave.Instead，ittreatsanyphysicalsystemasablackbox：ifyoudothistoitnow，itwillreactlikethatlater.Whathappensinbetween？Thetheorysimplydoesn’ttellus.Anideahasrecentlybeguntocatchon.Perhapsthereisnoneedtomakeanythingupaboutwhatliesbehindquantumtheory.Perhapsitreallydoesrevealtousthedeepstructureofreality，whereapropertyisnomorethansomethingthataffectssomethingelse.Perhapsthisispreciselywhat“properties”are：theeffectsofinteractions.Thinkofasimpleobjectsuchasablueteacup.Itsbeingblueisnotapropertyofthecupalone：colorshappeninourbrainasaresultofthecertainbiologicalstructureofoureyesandasaconsequenceoftheinteractionsbetweendaylightandthecup’ssurface.Itsbeing“ateacup”referstoitspotentialfunctionasadrinkingcontainer：foranalienwhodoesn’tknowaboutdrinkingtea，theveryconceptofateacupismeaningless.Asquantumtheoryshows：theyaredefinedbytheirphysicalinteractionswiththerestoftheworld.Then，itcomeswithalesson.Weunderstandrealitybetterifwethinkofitintermsofinteractions，notindividuals.Thisiswhy，inclassicgametheory，thewinnersinthelongrunarethosewhocooperate.Toofoolishlywemeasuresuccessintermsofanindividual’sfortunes.Itmisunderstandsthetruenatureofreality，andisultimatelyself-defeating，whichleadstounimaginableconsequenceandpreventsusfromaddressingchallengesthatallhumankindfacesasawhole.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了量子理论向我们揭示了现实的深层结构以及相互作用的影响。9．Whatpossiblydoesquantumtheorytellaccordingtothetext?A．Howphysicalsystemsbehave.B．Howtotreatphysicalsystems.C．Whateffectsonehasonitself.D．Whatthestructureofrealityis.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Perhapsitreallydoesrevealtousthedeepstructureofreality，whereapropertyisnomorethansomethingthataffectssomethingelse.”可知，量子理论可能告诉我们现实的结构是什么。故选D。10．Howdoestheauthorexplain“theeffectsofinteractions”？A．Bygivinganexample.B．Bymakingacomparison.C．Byquotingascientist.D．Byconductingasurvey.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段“Thinkofasimpleobjectsuchasablueteacup...”可推知，作者通过举例子解释“相互作用的影响”。故选A。11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph4referto?A．Theconsequencewebear.B．Thetheoryinclassicgames.C．Thefortuneindividualshave.D．Thewaytomeasuresuccess.答案D解析代词指代题。根据画线词上文“Toofoolishlywemeasuresuccessintermsofanindividual’sfortunes.”以及后文“misunderstandsthetruenatureofreality，andisultimatelyself-defeating，whichleadstounimaginableconsequence”可知，用个人的财富来衡量成功太愚蠢了，它误解了现实的本质，最终会弄巧成拙，导致难以想象的后果。故It指的是上文提到