2024-2025年新教材高中英语UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENTSectionⅠReadingandThinking检测含解析新人教版选择性必修第一册

PAGEPAGE7UNIT1课下题型练(一)ReadingandThinkingⅠ.阅读理解AWomenhavebeenmakingscientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes.TwelvewomenhavewontheNobelPrizeforScience,oneofthehighesthonorsintheworld.Somewomenscientistsnevermarried,someworkedwiththeirhusbands,andothersraisedlargefamilies.Ithasbeendifficultforwomentobesuccessfulscientists.Intheearly1800sinEngland,MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognizedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheearth.Maryandherfathercollectedfossils(化石)intheirvillageonthesouthcoastofGreatBritain.Fossilsarepartsofplantsoranimalsthathavebeensavedinrocksformillionsofyears.Whenshewasonlytwelveyearsold,Marybecamethefirstpersontofindthealmostcompleteskeletons(骨架)ofseveralanimalsthatnolongerexistedontheearth.Shedidn'tbecomefamousforherdiscoveriesatthattimebecausesheoftensoldherfossilstogetmoneytosupportherfamily.In1891,ayoungPolishwomannamedMarieSklodowskatraveledtoParistostudyphysics.ShedidsobecauseshecouldnotgetacollegeeducationinPoland.ShebeganworkinginthelaboratoryofamannamedPierreCurie.MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.TheyreceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903alongwithanotherscientist.MarieCuriebecamethefirstpersontobeawardedasecondNobelPrizein1911,thistimeforChemistry.MarieCuriewasoneofthefewwomenatthetimewhobecamefamousasascientist.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了两名在科学领域做出了巨大贡献的女性。1．Theauthorbelievesthatwomenscientists．A．havemoreopportunitiestobecomesuccessfulB．cannotgetthehighesthonorsintheworldC．gothroughdifficultiestobesuccessfulD．hadbetterpaymoreattentiontotheirfamilies解析：选C细微环节理解题。由第一段最终一句可知，作者认为女性科学家要经验许多艰难才能走向胜利。2．MaryAnningwasoneofthefirstwomento．A．wintheNobelPrizeforScienceaftergettingmarriedB．makeachievementsinthestudyofancientearthC．researchanimalsandtheirbonesD．studythemysteryofallkindsofplants解析：选B细微环节理解题。由其次段中的“MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognizedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheearth.”可知选B。3．WhatcanwelearnaboutMarieSklodowska?A．ShestudiedphysicsinPolandandgotacollegeeducation.B．ShereceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903onherown.C．SheonlygotoneNobelPrizeduringherlifetime.D．Shemademanydiscoveriesaftershegotmarried.解析：选D推理推断题。由最终一段中的“MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.”可知D项正确。4．What'sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Ancientdiscoveries.B．Womenscientists.C．Successfulmarriages.D．Differentprizes.解析：选B主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了两名在科学领域做出了巨大贡献的女性。故选B。BI．M.Pei,aChinese­American,whowasregardedasoneofthelastgreatmodernistarchitects,hasdiedattheageof102.AlthoughheworkedmostlyintheUnitedStates,PeiwillalwaysberememberedforaEuropeanproject:HisredevelopmentoftheLouvreMuseuminParisinthe1980s.Hegaveustheglassandmetalpyramidinthemaincourtyard,alongwiththreesmallerpyramidsandavastsubterranean(地下的)additiontothemuseumentrance.PeiwasthefirstforeignarchitecttoworkontheLouvreinitslonghistory,andinitiallyhisdesignswerefiercelyopposed.Butintheend,theFrench—andeveryoneelse—werewonover.WinningthefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrizein1983,hewasthoughtasgivingthe20thcentury“someofitsmostbeautifulinsidespacesandoutsideforms...Histalentandskillintheuseofmaterialsapproachthelevelofpoetry.”AfterstudyingarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandHarvard,PeisetuphisownarchitecturalpracticeinNewYorkin1955.DesigningtheJohnF．KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museumin1964establishedhimasaname.HisEastBuildingoftheNationalGalleryofArtinWashingtonin1978changedpeople'sideasofamuseum.Thesitewasanoddtrapezoid(梯形)shape.Pei'ssolutionwastocutitintwo.Theresultingbuildingwasdramatic,lightandelegant—oneofthefirstcrowd­pleasingcathedralsofmodernart.Thoughknownasamodernist,andnotableforhisformsbasedonarrangementsofsimplegeometric(几何的)shapes,heonceurgedChinesearchitectstolookmoretotheirarchitecturaltraditionratherthandesigninginawesternstyle.Inperson,I．M.Peiwasgood­humored,charmingandunusuallymodest.Hisworkingprocesswasevolutionary,butinnovation(创新)wasneveranintendedgoal.“Stylisticoriginalityisnotmypurpose，”hesaid.“Iwanttofindtheoriginalityinthetime,theplaceandtheproblem.”语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了享誉世界的现代主义建筑大师之一——贝聿铭。5．WhatcanwelearnabouttheresultofredevelopmentoftheLouvreMuseum?A．ItwascriticizedbytheFrench.B．Itwasasuccess.C．ItmadetheLouvreMuseumlookstrange.D．ItchangedthefunctionoftheLouvreMuseum.解析：选B推理推断题。依据文章第三段中的“PeiwasthefirstforeignarchitecttoworkontheLouvreinitslonghistory,andinitiallyhisdesignswerefiercelyopposed.Butintheend,theFrench—andeveryoneelse—werewonover[贝聿铭是卢浮宫悠久历史上的第一位外国建筑师，最初他的设计遭到剧烈反对。但最终，法国人，以及全世界，都被(他的精妙设计)折服].”可以推想，卢浮宫博物馆的重建特别胜利。故选B。6．WhatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?A．Heisamasterinapplyingmaterials.B．Heisskilledinwritingpoems.C．Heoftencombinespoetryandconstruction.D．Hegetsinspirationfrompoetryindesigning.解析：选A句义理解题。依据画线句中的关键词talentandskill和theuseofmaterials可知，此句字面含义为：他在运用(建筑)材料方面的才华和技艺达到了诗一般的境界，即他是应用材料方面的专家。故选A。7．What'sthecorrectorderofthefollowingevents?a．DesigntheJohnF．KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museum.b．StudyarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandHarvard.c．DesigntheNationalGalleryofArt.d．WinthefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrize.A．a,b,c,d B．b,a,c,dC．b,c,a,d D．d,a,c,b解析：选B细微环节理解题。依据文章第四段可知，1955年，贝聿铭在麻省理工学院和哈佛高校学习建筑学；依据第五段中的第一、二句可知，1964年，贝聿铭设计了约翰·肯尼迪总统图书馆和博物馆；1978年设计了华盛顿国家美术馆东馆；依据第三段中的WinningthefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrizein1983可知贝聿铭于1983年获得普利兹克建筑奖。故B项为正确的事情的发展依次。8．WhatcanwelearnaboutI．M.Pei?A．Innovationwashisfirstgoalindesign.B．Hewastalentedandserious.C．Hepreferredwesternstyletotheeast.D．Helikedsimplegeometricshapes.解析：选D推理推断题。依据文章第六段可知，贝聿铭设计的建筑物以简洁几何形态排列的形式而著名，从而推断出，他喜爱简洁的几何形态。故选D。CMaria(1718－1799)wasafamousItalianmathematician.Shewasdescribedinabookasfollows：“Mariawasachildprodigy(神童),butwasalsoshy.”Shestayedathome,teachingtheyoungerchildrenandfollowingherownstudies.Whenhermotherdiedaftergivingbirthtotwenty­onechildren,Mariatookovertherunningofthehousehold.Attheageoftwentyshestartedaten­yearproject,abookbringingtogethertheworkoncalculus(微积分学)ofLeibnitzandNewtontitledAnalyticInstitutions.Sometimesshewouldhavetroublewithaproblem,buthermindwentonworkingeveninhersleep；shewouldsleepwalktoherstudyandbacktobed.Inthemorning,shewouldfindtheanswertotheproblemwaitingonherdesk.Herbookmadeherfamous；shewaslivingproofofwhatshehadarguedatnineyearsoldthatwomenhadarighttostudyscience.ButMariahadotherinterestsinherlifeapartfrommathematics.Shehadalwaysworkedwiththepoorpeopleinherarea,andshehadaskedherfatherforseparateroomsandturnedthemintoaprivatehospital.Sheworkedatthehospital(andanother)untilshediedattheageofeighty­one.Mariawroteanimportantbookonmathematics,aswellasanotherunpublishedbook.Sheranahouseholdofovertwentypeople,andsheworkedforpeoplewhohadnothadherluckandopportunities.Eachoneofthesethingswasremarkable,butshedidthemall.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了意大利著名数学家玛丽亚的胜利经验和她为一些穷人做出的贡献。9.WeknowfromthetextthatMaria．A．wasamathsteacherwhenshewasyoungB．livedarichlifeinherchildhoodC．wasborninalargefamilyD．wastooshytoteachothers解析：选C细微环节理解题。依据其次段其次句可知，她妈妈有21个孩子，所以她诞生在一个大家庭。10．Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat．A．thereweresomegoodschoolsforchildrenwhenMariawasyoungB．womenwerenotallowedtostudysciencewhenMariawasalittlegirlC．womenhadequalrightstolearnanythingasboysdidD．Mariahadtheabilitytomakeenoughmoneytobringupherbrothersandsisterswhenhermotherdied解析：选B推理推断题。依据其次段第六句中的shewaslivingproofofwhatshehadarguedatnineyearsoldthatwomenhadarighttostudyscience可推知，当时是不允许女性学科学的。11．Accordingtothetext,Mariawassodevotedtomathsthatshe．A．forgoteverythingwhenshewasstudyingB．spentovertenyearswritinghermostfamousbookC．neversleptwhiledoingresearchesD．wouldgoonwithherstudyinherdream解析：选D细微环节理解题。依据其次段第四、五句可知，她对工作执着到睡觉时也会梦游进书房工作。12．WeknowfromthetextthatMariawasalsoawoman.A．kind­hearted B．beautifulC．well­born D．rich解析：选A推理推断题。依据文章后半部分的描述可知，她为穷人做了许多事，说明她不仅是一位宏大的数学家，还是一个热心和善的人。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Hewasfastoffistandfoot—lip,too—aheavyweightchampionwhopromisedtoshocktheworldanddid.1HeisMuhammadAli,whodiedatage74,in2016.Withawitassharpasthepunches,AlidominatedsportsfortwodecadesbeforetimeandParkinson'sdiseasecausedbythousandsofblowstothehead,ravaged(损害)hismagnificentbody,muted(减弱)hismajesticvoiceandendedhisstoriedcareerin1981.2However,theeffectofthepuncheslastedlongaftermostofthemoneywasgone.Parkinsontooksuchatollonhisbodythatthesightofhiminhislateryearsshockedandsaddenedthosewhorememberedhiminhisprime.3Despitehisillness,hetraveledtheworldtorapturousreceptionsevenafterhewaslefttocommunicatewithawinkoraweaksmile.Whileslowedinlateryears,hestillmanagedtomakenumerousappearances,includingthetriptothe2012LondonOlympics.“Peoplenaturallyaregoingtobesadtoseetheeffectsofhisdisease，”Hana,oneofAli'sdaughterssaid.“4He'satcompletepeace,andhe'sherelearningagreaterlesson.”“Idon'tcallhim