T-CEC 153-2018并网型微电网的负荷管理技术导则

ICS27.180

F19

备案号：53939-2016

准

T/CEC153—2018

并网型微电网负荷管理技术导则

Guideforloadmanagementtechnologyofgrid-connectedmicrogrid

2018-01-24发布2018-04-01实施

中国电力企业联合会发布

T/CEC153—2018

目次

前言··································································································································································III

1范围······························································································································································1

2规范性引用文件··········································································································································1

3术语和定义··················································································································································1

4基本原则······················································································································································2

5技术要求······················································································································································2

5.1总体技术要求············································································································································2

5.2数据采集技术要求·····································································································································2

5.3计量监测···················································································································································3

5.4负荷预测···················································································································································3

5.5负荷控制···················································································································································3

5.6电能质量分析监测·····································································································································4

5.7相关辅助功能············································································································································4

6并网型微电网的用电负荷管理方法···········································································································4

6.1并网型微电网运营评价要求························································································································4

6.2并网型微电网用电负荷的分类·····················································································································5

6.3关键负荷的管理方法··································································································································5

6.4可削减负荷的管理方法·······························································································································5

6.5可转移负荷的管理方法·······························································································································6

6.6冲击负荷的管理方法··································································································································6

I

T/CEC153—2018

前言

本标准按照GB/T1.1—2009《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准的结构和编写》给出的规则

起草。

本标准由中国电力企业联合会提出、归口管理并负责解释。

本标准起草单位：南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司、中国电力科学研究院、中电联工业领域电

力需求侧管理促进中心、国网电力科学研究院、广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院、华南理工大

学、上海交通大学、深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公司。

本标准起草人：王岩、肖勇、陈宋宋、杨迪、雷金勇、熊孝国、许朝阳、吴凯槟、韩帅、蒋传文、

杨苹、田兵、李秋硕、朱贤文、吴昊文。

本标准在执行过程中的意见或建议反馈至中国电力企业联合会标准化管理中心（北京市白广路二

条一号，100761）。

II

T/CEC153—2018

并网型微电网负荷管理技术导则

1范围

本标准规定了并网型微电网负荷管理的基本原则、技术要求与方法。

本标准适用于并网型微电网的负荷管理，也适用于指导并网型微电网参与需求侧响应。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件对于本文件的引用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅所注日期的版本适用于本

文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。

GB/T15148—2008电力负荷管理系统技术规范

GB/T32127需求响应效果监测与综合效益评价导则

GB/T33589微电网接入电力系统技术规定

DL/T614—2017多功能电能表协议标准

DL/T645—2007多功能电能表通信协议

DL/T641.5101—2002远程设备及系统第5-101部分：传输规约基本远动任务配套标准

DL/T634.5104—2009远程设备及系统第5-104部分：传输规约采用标准传输

DL/T755电力系统安全稳定导则

DL/T836—2012供电系统用户供电可靠性评价规程

T/CEC106微电网规划设计评价导则

3术语和定义

GB/T33589，T/CEC106界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1

并网型微电网grid-connectedmicrogrid

由分布式电源、用电负荷、配电设施、监控和保护装置等组成，与外部电网联网运行，且具备并

离网切换与独立运行能力的小型发配用电系统。

3.2

负荷管理措施loadmanagementmeasure

以提高并网型微电网运行可靠性、经济性为原则，分类管理微电网内部用电负荷并使其与分布式

微电源、储能等设备协调运行的系列措施。

3.3

微电网运营方micro-gridoperationparty

负责并网型微电网内部发电、储能、负荷运营管理的市场主体，一般为大用户、第三方能源服务

公司等。

3.4

自平衡能力self-balancingcapacity

并网型微电网在一定的周期内通过内部微电源、储能或可控负荷资源协调配合，满足内部负荷用

电需求的能力。

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4基本原则

4.1并网型微电网负荷管理应根据微电网的实际情况作出统一的规划、可行性研究和设计，并应保证

微电网整体运行的可靠性和经济性；

4.2负荷管理技术应与并网型微电网运行模式、分布式电源和储能装置的状态相配合；

4.3并网型微电网负荷管理应遵循电力系统稳定运行和用户用电可靠性管理的基本原则；

4.4并网型微电网负荷管理应按照负荷等级和负荷类型设定不同的方案，并采取相应的分级管理

办法；

4.5并网型微电网的负荷管理应鼓励有调整潜力的负荷主动参与需求响应。

5技术要求

5.1总体技术要求

并网型微电网负荷管理技术应涵盖数据采集技术、计量监测技术、负荷预测技术、负荷控制技

术、电能质量分析监测技术及相关辅助功能，并应确保负荷管理系统内数据传输的安全准确与负荷控

制调度的可靠，且应能够满足与并网型微电网内其他系统或配电网调度系统的交互技术要求。

5.2数据采集技术要求

5.2.1数据采集逻辑架构

数据采集逻辑框架如图1所示，并网型微电网系统构成可分为3层：采集层、子站层、传输层，

其中远方主站为电网负荷管理主站。

图1数据采集逻辑架构

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5.2.2数据采集内容

a）遥测数据：如电量、功率、电压、电流、功率因数、温度等。

b）遥信数据：如开关状态、事故信号、异常信号等遥信信号。

c）遥控数据：如远方控制投退。

d）其他数据：如用电异常事件、时钟等。

5.2.3数据采集通信

a）应满足并网型微电网负荷监控的实时性要求。

b）通信接口：应支持以太网或标准串行接口。

c）通信协议：可以采用DL/T634-5-101、DL/T634-5-104、Modbus等通信协议。

5.2.4与远方主站传输

a）传输安全：应具有安全认证、信息传输加密等安全防护措施。

b）传输通道：可以采用光纤专网、无线专网和无线公网等通信方式。

c）通信方式：应支持TCP/IP协议，负荷管理子站作为SCOKET客户端连接。

5.3计量监测

并网型微电网负荷管理应具备计量监测技术，对微电网内负荷、电量及相关设备运行状态进行动

态实时监测，并对用户用电的异常信息提供报警功能。计量监测技术应满足以下要求：

a）在并网点、电源点、负荷点应安装计量监测装置；

b）计量监测装置应具备计量、监控、报警、显示、冻结、通信、维护等功能；

c）并网点、电源点计量监测装置应具有双向计量功能；

d）计量装置其他技术要求应符合DL/T614、DL/T645的规定。

5.4负荷预测

并网型微电网负荷管理应具备负荷预测技术，为微电网内负荷的控制与调度提供预测数据基础。

负荷预测技术应满足以下要求：

a）负荷预测技术应具备七日短期负荷预测能力，即次日到第八日，每日按照96点编制；

b）负荷预测技术应具备5min超短期负荷预测能力，即当期时刻开始整5min时刻点的未来若干

时段的负荷；

c）负荷预测技术应考虑微电网中储能设备状态对负荷预测边界约束条件的影响；

d）负荷预测技术应考虑微电网中光伏发电、风电等不稳定电源对负荷供应的影响。

5.5负荷控制

并网型微电网负荷管理应具备负荷控制技术，可对微电网内可控负荷进行遥控或自动控制，实现

功率控制。负荷控制技术应满足以下要求：

a）微电网并网点功率调节除具备本地调节功能外，应能受控于需求响应发起方，允许其修改并网

点功率指令值，并网型微电网应能根据指令值调整并网点功率，响应速率和控制精度满足需求

响应发起方的要求。

b）并离网切换控制除具备本地并离网切换控制外，应能受控于需求响应发起方，允许其对并网型

微电网进行并离网切换控制，并网型微电网应能根据指令控制微电网并离网运行状态，切换时

间满足需求响应发起方的要求。

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T/CEC153—2018

c）遥控对数据传输信道的要求见GB/T15148—2008。

5.6电能质量分析监测

并网型微电网负荷管理应具备电能质量分析监测技术，对微电网内各用户用电的电压、频率、功

率因数、谐波质量、电压不平衡度等电能质量指标进行分析监测。

5.7相关辅助功能

并网型微电网负荷管理应具备相关辅助功能，包括但不限于数据合理性检查、事件处理、信息报

表、需求侧管理支持、电力营销支持等技术。

6并网型微电网的用电负荷管理方法

6.1并网型微电网运营评价要求

6.1.1运营经济性评价

全过程评价方法

a）全过程评价方法应考虑：

1）分布式电源、储能设备的投资与维护成本；

2）向大电网购电的成本和并网送电的收入；

3）并网型微电网内部的需求侧资源参与响应的收入等。

b）全过程评价方法的计算方法：

1）净成本＝设备固定成本＋设备维护成本＋购电成本－上网收入－响应补偿

2）固定成本：应采用总等年值成本估算，针对储能装置还要考虑在全生命周期内更换设备的

投入。

3）设备维护成本：应根据分布式电源、储能装置的配置容量进行估算，配置容量应考虑到周

期内峰荷增长的需求。

4）购电成本和上网送电收入：应以周期内平均电价估算。

5）响应补偿：应根据可控负荷的配置比例，通过估计单位补偿成本进行计算。

阶段性的评价方法

a）阶段性的评价方法应考虑：

1）设备的维护成本；

2）阶段性的电价变化情况，估算供电和送电的成本、收入；

3）根据并网型微电网参与需求响应类型的不同，计算其响应收入。

b）阶段性评价方法的计算方法：

1）净成本＝维护成本＋购电成本-上网收入-响应补偿。

2）购电成本和上网送电收入：应充分考虑时段电价、补贴电价进行计算。

3）响应补偿：应根据实际参与的需求响应类型不同，计算方法参照GB/T32127。

6.1.2供电可靠性评价

并网型微电网内部的供电可靠性评价应遵循DL/T836的基本要求。评价对象应优先选择不可中断

负荷；针对可控负荷实施供电可靠性评价，应剔除其由于参与需求响应而引起的中断用电时长、中断

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负荷容量、避免用电量等因素。

供电可靠性评价计算公式：

a）用户平均停电次数＝∑每次停电用户数/总供电用户数；

b）用户平均停电时间＝∑（每次停电时间×每次停电用户数）/总供电用户数；

c）供电可靠率＝［1－（用户平均停电时间－用户平均限电停电时间）/统计期间时间］×100%。

6.2并网型微电网用电负荷的分类

基于微电网运营经济性和可靠性的评价要求，分为关键负荷、可削减负荷、可转移负荷，以及对

微电网运行状态有较大影响的冲击负荷：

a）关键负荷：又称为重要负荷，当这类装置和设备不能正常运行时，将危及到人身安全，并/或

造成功能下降、经济损失，或被用户认为会对其财产造成重大的损失。

b）可削减负荷：可根据需要对用电量进行一定削减的负荷，如空调、照明等。

c）可转移负荷：即在一个调度周期内总用电量不变，但用电特性灵活，各时段用电量可灵活调节

的负荷，如电动汽车换电站、冰蓄冷、储能以及工商业用户的部分负荷等。

d）冲击负荷：具有周期性或非周期性特征，突然变化很大的负荷。一般出现最大负荷的时间很

短，但其峰值可能是其平均负荷的数倍或数十倍。如电弧炼钢炉、轧钢机等。

6.3关键负荷的管理方法

以满足供电可靠性要求为主要原则，主要考虑的措施有：

a）应配置相应的储能装置，设置位置与关键负荷的电气距离和物理距离尽量近；

b）应合理配置并网型微电网的自平衡能力，保证孤岛运行条件下的可靠运行；

c）应适当增加分布式电源和储能设备的容量，保证微电网孤岛模式下的能量供需平衡。

6.4可削减负荷的管理方法

6.4.1并网运行条件下的管理方法

微电网在并网运行条件下，应该按照以下原则进行管理：

a）考虑微电网在并网运行条件下，根据分布式电源的出力特性、分时段电价的需要进行调整，通

过削峰填谷、临时中断管理等方式提高运营的经济性。

b）考虑微电网并网运行的条件下，参与不同类型的需求响应的要求：根据大电网的响应指令，合

理配置微电网内部的发电、储能和负荷资源参与电价型或激励型需求响应。

c）考虑微电网在并网运行条件下，完善配套软硬件资源，加强微电网管理系统与调度机构以及可

控负荷与可削减电器之间的通信。

d）考虑微电网在并网运行条件下，紧急情况下有机结合错峰优化、轮休优化、限电分配优化等多

种负荷管理方法。

6.4.2离网运行条件下的管理方法

微电网在离网运行条件下，应该按照以下原则进行管理：

a）按照负荷重要等级合理配置供电资源，依托柴油发电机、冷热电三联供等可控发电资源，优先

满足重要负荷可靠用电需求。

b）依据负荷重要程度及负荷开关位置，制订负荷削减策略，利用电价或其他激励手段，引导非工

业用户制冷、制热、通风负荷以及工业用户生产辅助负荷优先参与负荷削减计划。

c）合理配置储能资源，进一步提高微电网运行可靠性。

5

T/CEC153—2018

6.5可转移负荷的管理方法

可转移负荷的管理以保证供电可靠性的同时用电成本最小为原则：

a）可转移负荷能通过调节用电时间和用电模式实现合理用电，且不影响用户的用电体验。

b）可转移负荷设备运行时段内，功率满足不超过最大功率的要求，设备完成一项工作任务时，耗

电量应不小于最小耗电量。

c）可转移负荷设备可通过转移设备的用电时段，在保证用户可靠用电的前提下参与电网的需

求响应。

6.6冲击负荷的管理方法

冲击负荷的管理应该遵照以下原则：

a）微电网在孤岛运行条件下，应考虑冲击负荷的启动与运行策略要求。

b）微电网内的冲击负荷宜采用专线供电；当冲击负荷与其他种类负荷共用线路时，应降低该线路

的阻抗。

c）具有较大功率的冲击性负荷和冲击性负荷群，不应与对电压波动和闪变敏感的负荷接在同一变

压器上。

d）冲击负荷形成的超标的负序电流易造成继电保护装置和安全自动装置的误动作，应以不对称度

最大的运行工况进行计算，使得冲击负荷的不对称运行影响指标在规定范围内。

e）冲击负荷运行中会产生强烈的电流冲击，造成微电网电压的快速波动和闪变，可安装动态无功

补偿装置或有源滤波器来控制。

f）冲击负荷会产生非正弦畸变和各次谐波，引起电气设备的发热、振动，对附近的通信线路产生

信号干扰，应安装谐波补偿装置。

g）在具有严重功率冲击、三相不平衡、谐波、电压电流剧变等条件下，宜采用三相瞬时无功理论

作为新型计量表计的计量算法。

h）设计的冲击负荷计量软件，应包括数据监视收集模块、冲击负荷计量算法模块、通信模块及驱

动模块等，提高对冲击负荷的计量准确度。

i）针对冲击负荷电流冲击大、波形非正弦、变化随机频繁等特点，其计量装置的硬件设计应满足

采集通道频带宽、动态范围大和计量精度高等要求。

6

2018

—

153

T/CEC

中国电力企业联合会标准

并网型微电网负荷管理技术导则

T/CEC153—2018

*

中国电力出版社出版、发行

（北京市东城区北京站西街19号100005）

北京九天众诚印刷有限公司印刷

*

2018年7月第一版2018年7月北京第一次印刷

880毫米×1230毫米16开本0.5印张14千字

*

统一书号155123·933定价11.00元

版权专有侵权必究

本书如有印装质量问题，我社发行部负责退换

T/CEC153—2018

目次

前言··································································································································································III

1范围······························································································································································1

2规范性引用文件··········································································································································1

3术语和定义··················································································································································1

4基本原则······················································································································································2

5技术要求······················································································································································2

5.1总体技术要求············································································································································2

5.2数据采集技术要求·····································································································································2

5.3计量监测···················································································································································3

5.4负荷预测···················································································································································3

5.5负荷控制···················································································································································3

5.6电能质量分析监测·····································································································································4

5.7相关辅助功能············································································································································4

6并网型微电网的用电负荷管理方法···········································································································4

6.1并网型微电网运营评价要求························································································································4

6.2并网型微电网用电负荷的分类·····················································································································5

6.3关键负荷的管理方法··································································································································5

6.4可削减负荷的管理方法·······························································································································5

6.5可转移负荷的管理方法·······························································································································6

6.6冲击负荷的管理方法································································