高中英语高三二轮复习：定语从句考点详解

高中英语定语从句考点整理

定语从句小测试

l.Doyouknowtheman?

A.whomIspoke

B.towhospoke

C.Ispoketo

D.thatIspoke

答案：C

解析："和谁讲话"要说speaktosb.本题全句应为Doyouknowthemanwhom

Ispoketo.whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。

2.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactoryweare

working.

A.where

B.that

C.which

D.there

林室•A

解析：where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

3.Canyoulendmethebooktheotherday?

A.aboutwhichyoutalked

B.whichyoutalked

C.aboutthatyoutalked

D.thatyoutalked

较1=1卡空•八A

解析："谈到某事物"应说talkaboutsth.about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，

不能用that.

4.Heisn'tsuchamanheusedtobe.

A.who

B.whom

C.that

D.as

答案：D

解析：such……as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时，可以作主语，宾语或表语，在本

题中，as作表语。

5.1wentwithhim19.1don'tlikeasyouread.

A.thenovels

B.thesuchnovels

C.suchnovels

D.samenovels

答案：C

解析as引导定语从句时通常构成such……as或thesame……as固定搭配其中such

和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中

可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时，要用sucha….….本题中suchbooks,

such直接修饰复数名词。

定语从句作为英语语法，在学习过程中属于中较难理解与掌握的部分，也正是由于其

复杂程度较高、逻辑性较强、理解难度很大，屡屡让同学们在考试中丢分数、失信心、丧

斗志！

概念

定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一

个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。

定语从句"三要素”

1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词

①指人的先行词

②指物的先行词

★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。

Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisesallofus.(which替代前面所叙

述的事情)

2.关系词：引导定语的词

(1)关系词的作用

①替代前面的先行词(替代作用)

②连接主句和定语从句(连接作用)

③在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)

(2)关系词的分类

①标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类

②关系代词：在从句中做主，宾，表，定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)

③关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)

3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子

定语从句的分类

L限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。

Heisateacherwhoworksatourschool.

2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)

Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcitywithalonghistory.

比较：

Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.

(Hehasonlytwosons.)

Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.

(Perhapshehastwomoresons)

定语从句的10个难点

01

关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)

(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语

Sheisthegirl(whom/that)Ilovedbefore.(可以省略whom/that)

(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语

Heisnolongertheboy(that)heusedtobe.(可以省略that)

(3)关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略

Housingpriceisaproblem(that/which)peopleareinterestedin.

比较：

Housingpriceisaprobleminwhichpeopleareinterested.(此时只能用which

且不能省略)

02

先行词是人(that/wh。的区别)

(1)用that的情况

①以疑问词who开头的句子中

Whoisthemanthatisshoutingthere?

②关系代词在从句中作表语时

Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.

③先行词被thevery,theright,theonly修饰

Thisistheverypersonthatwearelookingfor.

(2)用who的情况

①先行词是one,ones,anybody,all,none,those等

Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.

②句子中有两个定语从句，一个用了that,另外一个用who

Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?

③在therebe结构中

Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.

④在非限定性定语从句当中

Tom,whoismybestfriend,hasgoneabroadtostudy.

03

先行词是物(that/which的区别)

(1)用which的情况

①在非限定性定语从句中

Shelostthegame,whichdepressedhergreatly.

②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语

ThepenwithwhichyouwriteisJack's.

③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.

LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichisnewly

opentous.

(2)用that的情况

①先彳方司是不定代词如all,little,few,much,anything,everything,nothing,none,

noone等

Shedidallthatshecouldtohelpus.

②先彳方司被all,every,no,some,little,much,theonly,hevery,theright,thelast

等所修饰时

ThisistheverybookthatIwant

③先行词中既有人又有物时

Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandheplacesthatimpressed

hermost.

④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时

ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.

ThisisthefirstfilmthatI'veseensinceIcamehere.

⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which,另外一个用that

Hebuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.

⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用that

Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?

04

As引导定语从句用法

(1)As既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表

语等。

常用于以下句型当中：

Such/so..…as....即"像.....一样"

thesame....as...即”和……同样的"

Acomputerissousefulamachineaswecanuseeveryday.

Heisnotthesamemanashewas.

(2)引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像"等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。

AsIremember,therewereanetbarhere.

TaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina,asisknowntoall.

★thesameas...和thesamethat...引导定语从句的区别

ThisisthesamebikethatIlostyesterday.(同一事物)

ThisisthesamebikeasIlostyesterday.(同类事物)

05

关系副词的运用

(1)When在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time,day等

IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.(when=onwhich)

(2)Where在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place,spot等

Canyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks?

(where=inwhich)

(3)Why在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason.

Idon'twanttolistentoanyreasonwhyyouwereabsent.

(why=forwhich)

★关系副词=相应的介词+关系代词

★Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形)，situation,

position(位置),stage(阶段)，point(地步)等

Whatarethesituationswherebodylanguageistheonlyformof

communication?

在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。(此时where=inwhich)

06

几个特殊的先行词

(1)way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式that/inwhich/不填

Thewayinwhich/that/不填heexplainsthesentencetousisquitesimple.

比较:Thewaywhich/that/不填hetoldtouswasquitesimple.

★way在定语中作tell的宾语

(2)先行词time

time表示"次数"时，用关系代词that引导定语从句

Thisisthefirsttimethatthepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.

time作"一段时间"讲时，应用关系副词when

Thiswasthetimewhentherewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets

★此时when=duringwhich在一期间

(3)先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式why/for

which/that/不填

Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhich/that/不填hecannotcomehere.

比较:Isthisthereasonthat/which/不填heexplainedtousforhisabsencefrom

theconference.

★reason在定语从句中做explain的宾语

07

介词+关系代词

★该结构的关系代词只有两种即介词+which（指物）介词+whom（指人）

★该结构介词的选用原则：

(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配

ThisisthebookonwhichIspent$8.

ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid$8.

(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯

IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedthere.

IrememberthedayonwhichIgraduatedfromuniversity.

(3)根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定

Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecan,tliveiscalledoxygen.

(4)英语中为了强调某一名词，不定式前面也可以加上关系代词。

Hereisthemoneywithwhichtobuythepiano.

Sheistherightpersononwhomtodepend

注意：

①如果介词后移，关系代词可以省略

Theperson(whom/who/that)youwillwritetoisTodd.

②有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如lookfor/after;takecareof;sendfor;

hearfrom/of/aboutdealwith等

Thisisthebabythatyouwilllookafter.

08

定语从句的主谓一致

(1)当先行词是oneof+复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式

TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitor

everyyear.

(2)当先行词是theonly+oneof+复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式

TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfrom

themoon.

(3)先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.

Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisesallofus.

09

定语从句的转化

定语从句可以转换为-ing或-ed形式

Thegirl(whois)dancingnowjustreturnedfromTaiwan.

Ilovethestories(whichwere)writtenbyHemingway.

Theman(whostands)standingthereismyfriend.

010

定语从句的解题方法

(1)判断从句是否为定语从句(先行词，关系词，定语从句)

(2)准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)从而正确选定使用关

系代词或关系副词

注意：

①关系代词whose的用法。Whose在定语从句中做定语。

当先行词是人：whose=the+名词+ofwhom

当先行词是物：wh