高中英语北师大版选择性必修三UNIT 7 Period 7　Focus on Language-Verb-ed Form Negative Expressions

Period7FocusonLanguage—Verb-edForm&NegativeExpressionsⅠ.感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1．Supportedbyhisresearch，ProfessorSaloveysuggeststhatwhenpredictingsomeone’sfuturesuccess，theircharacter，asmeasuredbyEQtests，mightactuallymattermorethantheirIQ.2．Comparedtostudentswhohadnotbeeninvolvedinthestudy，theyalsoshowedabetterunderstandingofthedisabledstudents’feelings.1．句1中，support的逻辑主语为ProfessorSalovey，和动词support构成被动关系。过去分词supported在句中作状语。2．句2中，compare的逻辑主语为they，和动词compare构成被动关系。compared在句中作状语。Ⅱ.感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1．Mostpeoplenowhavenointentionoffollowingintheirparents’footstepsorevenstayingatonejobforverylong.2．Infact，planningtoworkinthesamefieldorindustryforyourentireworkinglifejustisn’tpracticalanymore.3．Theskillsyouhavenowareunlikelytoremainrelevantandbeenoughtohelpyouthroughyourentirecareer.4．Youmightbeabletokeepyourjobifyoufinishwhatyouareaskedtodo，butthisishardlyarecipeforgreatcareersuccess.5．Lifetimesecurityfromoneemployerisnolongercertainorevenlikely.观察以上句子，可以发现句子中均含有表示否定意义的单词或词组。表达否定意义的形式多样，可以是否定副词，如句1中的no，句2中的notanymore和句5中的nolonger。此外，有些词加否定前缀或后缀构成否定，如句3中的unlikely。还有些词本身含有否定意义，如句4中的hardly。一、过去分词(短语)作状语(一)过去分词(短语)作状语的基本用法过去分词(短语)作状语，表示被动的或完成的动作，这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。在句中可以相当于一个时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句或者作方式、伴随状语。1．表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。Askedaboutthequalityguarantee(＝Whenhewasaskedaboutthequalityguarantee)，thesalesmandidn’trespond.当被问及质量保证时，推销员没有回答。Motivatedbythesalaryhehasearned(＝Asheismotivatedbythesalaryhehasearned)，heworksharder.受到所得工资的激励，他工作更努力了。2．表示条件，相当于一个由unless，if等引导的条件状语从句。Givenmoretime(＝Ifitisgivenmoretime)，ourassociationwillachievemore.假以时日，我们的协会会取得更多的成就。Notinvited(＝Ifwearen’tinvited/Unlessweareinvited)，wewon’tgotohisbirthdaypartytobeheldthisweekend.如果不被邀请，我们就不会去参加他本周末举行的生日聚会。3．表示原因，相当于一个由as，because等引导的原因状语从句。Greatlyinspiredbytheteacher’swords(＝Becausehewasgreatlyinspiredbytheteacher’swords)，hemadeuphismindtoworkatEnglishevenharder.深受老师的话的激励，他决心更加努力地学习英语。4．表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。Beatenbytheoppositeteam(＝Thoughwewerebeatenbytheoppositeteam)，wedidn’tloseheartandencouragedeachother.虽然被对手的队伍打败了，但我们并没有灰心并且相互鼓励。Thoughwarnedofthestorm(＝Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm)，thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefield.尽管被警告过有暴风雨，农民们仍然在田地里劳作。5．表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，可位于句首或句末，可以扩展成一个状语从句或并列分句。Followedbyagroupofstudents，theteacherenteredtheclassroom.＝Theteacherenteredtheclassroomandhewasfollowedbyagroupofstudents.老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。注意：1．过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上when，if，while，though，evenif，unless等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同。2．有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词常常是表示身心状态或情绪的形容词。如：lost沉溺于；seated坐；dressedin穿着；tiredof厌烦；facedwith面临；accustomedto习惯于等。Lostinthought，thearchitectdidn’thearthesound.沉浸在思考之中，建筑师没听到那道声音。Dressedinanewdress，shelooksverybeautiful.穿着一条新裙子，她看上去很漂亮。(二)过去分词(短语)为独立成分作状语有的过去分词作状语为独立成分作状语，不用考虑与逻辑主语的关系，常见的有：given考虑到，comparedto/with和……相比较等。Givenherinterestinchildren，teachingseemstherightjobforher.考虑到她喜欢孩子，看来教书是很适合她的工作。Lackofexerciseisalsoariskfactorforheartdiseasebutit’srelativelysmallcomparedwith/toothers.缺乏锻炼也是导致心脏病的一个因素，但是和其他因素相比，这种危险很小。(三)过去分词(短语)独立主格作状语动词-ed形式(短语)作状语时，有时在前面加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的动词-ed形式被称为独立主格结构，这种独立结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。Extramoneygiventothepoor，hefeltveryhappy.＝Becauseextramoneywasgiventothepoor，hefeltveryhappy.额外的钱给了穷人后，他感到很高兴。(四)过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。[助记]分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用-ing，被动用-ed。Usedforalongtime，thebooklooksold.(被动关系)由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。Usingthebook，Ifinditveryuseful.(主动关系)在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。注意：无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。Ifcaught，thepolicewillpunishthethief.(×)Ifcaught，thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.(√)Ifthethiefiscaught，thepolicewillpunishhim/her.(√)二、表达否定意义的词或词组英语中否定含义的表达形式多种多样，最常见的就是用否定词和否定短语来表达否定含义。(一)常见的否定词1．可以用not，no，never，none，nobody，nothing，nowhere等否定词来表达否定意义。NeverinallmylifehaveIseensuchahorriblething.我一辈子也没有见过这么恐怖的事。Thiskindofforestexistsnowhereelseintheworld.这种森林在世界其他任何地方都没有。2．可以用hardly，scarcely，seldom，little，few等否定词来表达否定意义。MygardenwascoveredwithsomanybutterfliesthatIcouldhardlyseetheflowers.我的花园里飞满了太多蝴蝶，我几乎看不到花了。Sheseldom，ifever，goestothetheatre.她难得到剧院去看一场戏——虽然不能说从来不去。3．可以用含否定意义的前缀a-，ab-，an-，de-，dis-，il-，im-，in-，ir-，non-，un-，under-等构成的词表达否定意义；也可以用后缀-less，-free，-proof等构成的词表达否定意义。Todayitisimpossibletocurecancercompletely.目前要完全治愈癌症是不可能的。Second，itisalsouselesstoworryaboutthefuture.其次，为未来而担忧也是没有用的。注意：以上否定副词置于句首的时候，句子要用部分倒装结构。NeverdidIknowyouhadatwinsister.我一点都不知道你还有个双胞胎姐姐。Seldomhasheseenachildwithsomuchtalent.他很少见有如此天赋的孩子。(二)常见的否定词组常见表达否定意义的词组及固定搭配有：farfrom远非，绝不，ratherthan而不，insteadof而不，freefrom没有，wouldrather...than...宁愿……不愿……，preferto...ratherthan...宁愿……不愿……，nolonger不再，not...anymore/longer不再，havenointentionof不打算做某事，too...to...太……而不能，moreAthanB与其说B不如说A，innocase决不，innoway决不，bynomeans决不等。Yourworkisfarfrombeingsatisfactory.你的工作一点也不令人满意。Theylongforanequalsociety，freefrompovertyanddisease.他们渴望一个没有贫穷和疾病的平等社会。He’stoosmalltotakecareofhimself.他太小了，还不能照顾自己。Heismorebravethanwise.他有勇无谋。用所给词的正确形式填空1．Andthere，almostlost(lose)inthebigchair，satthenewclerk，whoneverhadtobetoldtokeepquiet.2．Highlydevoted(devote)tohisoccupation，hebecameasuccessfulCEOintheend.3．Realizing(realize)thathehadfallenbehind，Peterstartedtoquickenhispace.4．Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight，preparing(prepare)alongspeechforthepresident.5．Theisland，joined(join)tothemainlandbyabridge，iseasytoreach.6．Karlisunlikely(likely)tocometothepartybecauseheisbusypreparingforanexam.7．Marywassocareless(care)whenhurryingthroughthehallthatshefellover.8．Hismotherwasinfavorofhisideawhilehisfatherdisagreed(agree)withhim.9．Itisimpolite(polite)oftheclerktoshoutattheclientwithnogoodreason.10．Theyoungmanhadmealirregularly(regularly)sothathegotaseriousstomachache.Ⅰ.单句写作1．艺术家专心绘画，忘记了按时吃晚饭。(absorb)Absorbedinpainting，theartistforgottohavesupperontime.2．这所大学成立于1979年，已有40多年的历史。(found)Foundedin1979，theuniversityhasahistoryofmorethan40years.3．他从来没有放弃过他最初的梦想。(部分倒装)Neverhashegivenuphisoriginaldream.4．我们刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来它就塌了。Hardlyhadweescapedfromtheburninghousewhenitcollapsed.5．我宁可待在家里看电视也不愿去购物，因为我太累了走不动了。Iwouldratherstayathomethangoshopping,becauseIamtootiredtowalk.Ⅱ.阅读理解In2022,61companiesintheUnitedKingdom(UK)tookpartintheworld’slargesttestofafour-dayworkweek.Thepilotprogram，conductedintheUK，guidedover60companiesandalmost3,000workersthroughasix-monthtrialofa4-dayweek，withnolossofpayforworkers.Overallresultsshowthatalmosteveryorganizationwillsticktoa4-dayweekpost-trial，with91%definitelycontinuingorplanningtocontinue，andafurther4%leaningtowardscontinuing.Companiesratedtheiroverallexperienceofthetrialsanaverageof8.5/10，withbusinessproductivityandbusinessperformanceeachscoring7.5/10.Profitsroseby35%overthetrialperiodswhencomparedtosimilarperiodsfromthepreviousyearandhiringincreasedwhileabsenteeismdecreased.Leadresearcher，ProfessorJulietSchorofBostonCollegeobservedanencouragingconsistencyinthedata.“Resultsarelargelysteadyacrossworkplacesofvaryingsizes，showingitworksformanytypesoforganizations.Therearealsosomeinterestingdifferences.Wefoundthatemployeesinnon-profitsandprofessionalserviceshadalargeraverageincreaseintimespentexercising，whilethoseinconstructionenjoyedthelargestreductionsinburnoutandsleepproblems，”shesaid.Gettingthecarbonfootprintdownisalsoencouraging，withcommuting(通勤)timefallingbyahalfhourperweek.Howdidworkersdomoreinlesstime?Somecompaniescutmeetings，ormadesuretheywereshorter.Othersusedtechnologytohelpworkersgetmoredonequickly.Somecompaniescreateda“focustime”soworkerscouldworkonjustonethingwithoutbeinginterrupted.Ingeneral，workerssaidthefour-dayworkweekleftthemfeelinglesstired.About71%saidtheyfeltless“burntout”withtheirnewworkhours，and39%saidtheyfeltlessstressed.Onaverage,73%oftheworkersweremoresatisfiedwiththetimetheyspentworking.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述2022年，英国有61家公司参加了世界上最大的一周工作四天的测试情况。1．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheexperiment?A．Controversial. B．Ambitious.C．Eventful. D．Successful.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，总体结果显示，几乎每个组织都会坚持试验后每周工作四天，91%的组织肯定会继续或计划继续，另有4%的组织倾向于继续。及第三段中各公司的评价得分高，利润增长，招聘人数增加，缺勤率下降等可知，试验结果是很成功的。故选D。2．Whatcanwesayaboutthefour-dayworkweek?A．It’saone-sidedmove.B．It’swhattechnologybrings.C．It’senvironmentallyfriendly.D．It’sunfitforbigcompanies.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，一周工作四天，通勤时间每周减少半个小时，可以减少碳足迹，是环保的。故选C。3．Whatarethestatisticsinthelastparagraphabout?A．Workinghabits.B．Joyatwork.C．Healthmanagement.D．Businessperformance.答案B解析推理判断题。最后一段的数据表明，约71%的人表示，他们对新的工作时间感到不那么“精疲力竭”，39%的人表示压力减少了。平均而言，73%的工人对他们花在工作上的时间更满意。由此可知，这些数据表明人们在工作中的幸福感增强了。故选B。4．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Monday-FridayModelIsOutdatedB．GoodHealthIsGoodBusinessC．4-DayWorkWeekTrialFinishesD．4-DayWorkWeekCouldBeComing答案D解析标题归纳题。根据第一段内容可知，英国有61家公司参加了世界上最大的一周工作四天的测试。结合第二段和最后一段内容可知，每周工作四天很受员工们欢迎，所以它可能会被广泛普及。故选D。Ⅲ.完形填空Twoyearsago，KiahTwisselmanwasworkingfortheKentuckyBeefCouncil，whenshereachedtheweightof285pounds.Kiahwasresponsiblefortheirnutritionprogram，whichmeant1thehealthbenefitsofbeefanditwasn’tsittingwellwithher.Shehadtostandupinfrontofagroupofregistered2，agroupofinfluencers，andtellthemaboutthenutritionalbenefitsofbeef，anditmadeherso3.Whileonaflight，KiahreadabookbymotivationalspeakerRachelHollis.“Thatbookwaskindofmy4calltomethatifyouwanttochangeyourlife，itis100percentinyour5andnobodyelse’s，”saidKiah.Shestarted6HollisonsocialmediaanddecidedtotryherFiveToThriveplan，which7hertoadoptfivesimplehabitsandcommitto8themeverydayfor90days.Kiahstartedwakingupearlier，9，begandailyjournaling，drankwateraccordingtotheinstruction.Injustafewmonths，shelost25pounds，which10hertokeepgoing，11whenshehitaplateau(停滞期)．To12thingsup，Kiahstartedtryingoutharderworkoutvideos.Unlikepreviouslyblamingherselfforherfailure，thistime，shestartedfromaplaceof13.“WhenIfailed，Iwasmorewillingto14myselfandsay，‘WhatcanIlearnfromthis？’”Overthenextyear，Kiahlost103poundsandthephysicaltransformationwasso15！eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了KiahTwisselman通过自己的努力减肥成功。)1．A.believing B．improvingC．ensuring D．advocating答案D解析由下文的“tellthemaboutthenutritionalbenefitsofbeef”可知，该项目是要提倡牛肉对健康的好处。故选D。2．A.nutritionists B．touristsC．farmers D．partners答案A解析由上文的“workingfortheKentuckyBeefCouncil”和下文的“agroupofinfluencers，andtellthemaboutthenutritionalbenefitsofbeef”可知，她是为肯塔基州牛肉委员会工作，可推知她的工作对象应是有影响力的人和专业的营养学家。故选A。3．A.unfortunate B．successfulC．uncomfortable D．appealing答案C解析由上文语境尤其是“itwasn’tsittingwellwithher”可知，体重285磅的Kiah要在一群营养学家面前宣传牛肉的营养价值，这让她很不舒服。故选C。4．A.business B．wake-upC．first-aid D．conference答案B解析由下文语境可知，Kiah开启了她的减肥之旅，说明RachelHollis的书唤醒了Kiah，给她的生活敲响了警钟，让她行动起来。故选B。5．A.favor B．dietC．control D．opinion答案C解析由上文的“ifyouwanttochangeyourlife”可知，如果你想改变自己的生活，那么百分之百要由自己掌控，与别人无关。故选C。6．A.following B．assistingC．blaming D．interviewing答案A解析由上文语境和下文的“decidedtotryherFiveToThriveplan”可知，Kiah开始在社交媒体上关注Hollis，并决定尝试她的计划。故选A。7．A.forbade B．qualifiedC．permitted D．challenged答案D解析由下文的“Kiahstartedwakingupearlier，，begandailyjournaling，drankwateraccordingtotheinstruction.”可知，此处指该计划要求她养成五个简单的习惯，并坚持每天练习，坚持90天。故选D。8．A.overcoming B．practicingC．celebrating D．correcting答案B解析参考上题解析。故选B。9．A.watchedout B．dashedoutC．workedout D．spokeout答案C解析由下文的“Kiahstartedtryingoutharderworkoutvideos”可知，此处指早起后锻炼。故选C。10．A.forced B．fueledC．promised D．reminded答案B解析由上文可知，Kiah成功减重25磅，这给了Kiah新的动力，刺激她继续坚持下去。故选B。11．A.thus B．yetC．merely D．even答案D解析由下文“Kiahstartedtryingoutharderworkoutvideos”可知，Kiah甚至在到达停滞期之后也在坚持。故选D。12．A.fix B．divideC．switch D．sum答案C解析由上文语境和下文的“Kiahstartedtryingoutharderworkoutvideos”可知，Kiah到了停滞期，所以为了改变现状，Kiah尝试难度更大的锻炼视频。故选C。13．A.self-criticism B．self-loveC．self-respect D．self-doubt答案B解析由上文的“Unlikepreviouslyblamingherselfforherfailure”可知，Kiah不再像以前那样因失败而自责，这次她从自爱开始。故选B。14．A.save B．protectC．introduce D．forgive答案D解析由上文语境可知，Kiah现在选择爱自己，所以当她失败的时候，她不再责备自己了，而是原谅自己。故选D。15．A.apparent B．awkwardC．slight D．gradual答案A解析由上文的“whenshereachedtheweightof285pounds”和“Kiahlost103pounds”可知，体重285磅的Kiah减了103磅，这种身体的变化是很明显的。故选A。Ⅳ.语法填空InancientChinalivedanartist1.paintingswerealmostlifelike.Theartist’sreputationhadmadehimproud.Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)2.__________(do)sohecalledallgreatartists3.(come)andpresenttheirfinestwork，sothathecouldchoosethebest.Theartistwassurehewould4.(choose)，butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister，theoldmanlaughed.ThewiseoldmantoldhimtotraveltotheLiRiver—perhapshecouldlearnalittlefr