外科学教学大纲（Surgery outline）

外科学大纲(Surgeryoutline)

Courseno.304409:Chinesename:foreignscienceI

Englishname:surgeryI

Coursenature:publicbasiccompulsorycourse-quality

educationelectivecourse?Corecoursesrequired

Professionalcoursesofeducationcoursesoptionalcourse

Credit3.5-2

Themainapplicationisprofessionalclinicalmedicine

First,thecourseanatomy,pathology,diagnostics

Anoutlineofthecoursesyllabusofz，foreignscience1〃inthe

citycollegeofzhejianguniversity

I.teachingobjectivesandtasks

(1)teachingpurpose

Objectivetostudythebasicknowledge,theoryandrelated

basicskillsofthestudentsofeducation.Requirementisby

scienceandthetheoryoflearning,makestudentsunderstand

thecauseofdisease,pathologyandclinicalmanifestation,

examinationmethod,soastomasterthediseasediagnosisand

differentialandtheprincipleofsurgicaltreatment,andhas

certainsurgicalscientificresearchability.

(2)teachinglinksandhoursdistribution

Theteachinglinksofthiscoursearemainly:

Totalstudytime:72theoreticalhours:40practicehours:32

Theclassistaught3-4hoursaweekand2to3hoursperweek

1.Mainteachingcontents

Neurosurgery(5chapters)8

Cardiothoracicsurgery(9chapters)11

Generalsurgery(16chapters)9

Urology(11chapters)12

2.Internship:totheward,2to3hoursperweek,theproportion

ofeachsubjectwillbearrangedaccordingtotheprescribed

schedule,andtheteacherwillberesponsiblefortheteaching.

li.Teachingcontentandbasicrequirements

(1)intracranialhighpressure(theoretical2hours+practice

2)

1.Teachingcontent

(1)theconceptofincreasedintracranialpressure

(2)theanatomyandphysiologyofintracranialpressure

regulationandthecausesandpathogenesisofintracranial

pressureincrease.

(3)intracranialpressureincreasesclinical

pathophysiologicalchanges.

(4)thestages,clinicalmanifestationsandsignsofincreased

intracranialpressure

(5)clinicaldiagnosisandsupplementaryexaminationofthe

increasedintracranialpressure.

(6)commonriskofintracranialpressureincrease

(7)thetreatmentandprognosisofincreasedintracranial

pressure

(8)cerebralhernia

2.Basicrequirements

(1)understandtheconceptofincreasedintracranialpressure,

normalvalueandetiology,andunderstandthepathogenesisof

theincreaseofintracranialpressure.

(2)mastertheclinicalmanifestationsofincreased

intracranialpressureandbefamiliarwithitsdiagnosticand

therapeuticprinciples.

(3)familiarwiththeclinicalstagingofincreased

intracranialpressure.

(4)tomasterthediagnosisandtreatmentofcerebralhernia,

focusingontheherniaofthecerebellumandthehernialhernia.

3.Keypointsanddifficulties

(1)emphasis

Clinicalmanifestationsofincreasedintracranialpressureare

familiarwithitsdiagnosticandtherapeuticprinciples.

(2)difficulty

Diagnosisandtreatmentofcerebralhernia

(2)braininjury(theory2+practice1)

1.Teachingcontent

(1)summarizethewayandclassificationofcraniocerebral

injury

(2)scalpinjury

(3)skullfracture

(4)braininjury

(5)intracranialhematoma:epiduralhematoma,subdural

hematoma,intracranialhematoma

(6)openheadinjury:non-firearminjury,firearminjury

(7)complicationsofcranialinjury

(8)treatmentofcraniocerebraltraumaanditscomplications

(self-learning)

2.Basicrequirements

(1)theconceptofdirectinjuryandindirectinjury,GCSscore,

skullfracture,diffuseaxonalinjury,epiduralhematoma,

subduralhematoma

(2)familiarwithscalpinjury,concussion,cerebralcontusion

andintracerebralhemorrhage.

(3)tounderstandthewaysandclassificationofcraniocerebral

injury,opencraniocerebralinjury,andcomplicationsof

craniocerebraltrauma

3.Keypointsanddifficulties

(1)emphasis

Theconceptofdirectinjuryandindirectinjury,GCSscore,

skul1fracture,diffuseaxonalinjury,epiduralhematoma,

subduralhematoma

(3)cerebrovasculardisease(theory4+practice3)

1.Teachingcontent

(1)overview

(2)masterfirstaidtreatmentofcerebrovasculardisease

(3)masterthepathogenesis,clinicalmanifestations,

indicationsandpostoperativecomplicationsof

cerebrovasculardiseases.

2.Basicrequirements

(1)mastertheprinciplesoffirstaidtreatmentof

cerebrovasculardiseases.

(2)familiarwiththeclinicalmanifestationsof

cerebrovasculardiseasesandtheirdiagnosisandtreatment.

3.Keypointsanddifficulties

(1)emphasis

Theprincipleoffirstaidtreatmentofcerebrovascular

disease.

(4)chesttrauma(theory2+practice1)

1.Teachingcontent

(1)overview

(2)ribfracture

(3)chest

(4)bloodchest(self-taught)

2.Basicrequirements

(1)graspthepathophysiologicalemergencytreatmentprinciple

ofchesttrauma.

(2)familiarwiththecausesofribfracturesandpneumothorax,

pathophysiology,clinicalmanifestations,diagnosisand

treatment.

3.Keypointsanddifficulties

(1)emphasis

Thepathophysiologicaltreatmentprincipleofchesttrauma.

(5)heartdisease(theory2hours+practice2)

1.Teachingcontent

(1)themainsymptomandbodydiseaseofvasculardisease

(2)thebasicmeasuresofintracardialsurgery

(3)congenitalcardiovasculardisease

(4)acquiredheartdisease

2.Basicrequirements

(1)befamiliarwiththebasicmeasuresofopen-heartsurgery

incardiacsurgeryandtheprotectionofcardiopulmonary

bypass.

(2)tounderstandthepathophysiology,diagnosisandtreatment

ofchronicconstrictivepericarditis.

(3)surgicaltreatmentofmitrallesionsofrheumaticheart

disease.

3.Keypointsanddifficulties

(1)emphasis

Surgicaltreatmentforrheumaticheartdiseasemitrallesions

(6)primarymediastinaltumorofesophagealcancer(theory4

+practice3)

1.Teachingcontent

(1)overview

(2)etiologyandpathogenesis

(3)pathology

clinicalmanifestationsofesophagealcancer

(5)esophagealcancerdiagnosis

(6)differentialdiagnosis

(7)esophagealcancertreatment

(8)surgicalcomplications

(9)progressintreatmentofesophagealcancer(self-study)

(10)primarymediastinaltumor

2.Basicrequirements

(1)tomasterthetreatmentprincipleofesophagealsegmental

standardandesophagealcancerindifferentparts.

(2)masterthecommondiagnosticmethodsofesophagealcancer.

(3)therelationshipbetweenthegeneralpathological

morphologyandclinicalmanifestationsofesophagealcancer.

(4)tounderstandthegeneralanatomyandhistologicalfeatures

oftheesophagusandtounderstandthedevelopment

characteristicsofesophagealcancer.

(5)understandingtheTNMstagingofesophagealcancer

(6)familiarwithmediastinalzoningandcommonmediastinal

tumors,andunderstandtheXrayperformanceofcommon

mediastinaltumors.

3.Keypointsanddifficulties

(1)emphasis

Theprincipleofesophagealsegmentalstandardandtreatment

ofesophagealcancerindifferentparts.

(2)difficulty

Commondiagnosticmethodsofesophagealcancer.

(7)breastdiseases(theory3+practice3)

1.Teachingcontent

(1)anatomicalphysiologysummary

(2)breastexamination(detailedexplanation)

(3)acutemastitis

(4)breastcysticincreaseofdisease

(5)breastfibroadenoma

(6)mammarypapilloma(self-study)

breastcancer(explainedindetail)

(8)malebreasthypertrophy(self-study)

2.Basicrequirements

(1)mastertherightexaminationmethodsandspecial

examinationsofthebreast.

(2)familiarwiththediagnosisofbreastlymphaticdrainage

andbreastdiseases.

(3)theclinicalmanifestations,transferpathways,early

diagnosisandtreatmentofbreastcancer.

(4)understandinglocalanatomyofthebreast

(5)itisclearthatbreastcancerisbecomingacommondisease

amongwomenandmustbehighlyvigilantandactiveprevention.

3.Keypointsanddifficulties

(1)emphasis

Properexaminationofthebreastandspecialexamination.

(8)neckdisease(theory3+practice3)

1.Teachingcontent

(1)anatomicalphysiologysummary

(2)asinglepurifiedgoiter

(3)surgicaltreatmentofhyperthyroidism

(4)thyroiditis

(5)thyroidadenoma(self-study)

(6)principlesofdiagnosisandtreatmentofthyroidgland

nodules

(7)hyperpara(self-study)

(8)cervicaltuberculosis(self-study)

(9)neckmass

(10)diagnosisofnecklumps(combinedwithclinicalpractice)

Basicrequirements

(1)tomasterthepreoperativepreparation,indicationsand

postoperativecomplicationsofsurgicalhyperthyroidism.

(2)familiarwiththepathogenesisofsimplethyroidgland,

clinicalmanifestations,surgicalindicationsanddifferences

withthyroidadenomas.

(3)familiarwiththetreatmentofthyroidandneckmasses

(4)understandtheanatomyoftheneckandthephysiologyof

thethyroidgland

(5)tounderstandtheetiology,pathogenesis,clinical

manifestationandtreatmentprinciplesofsuppurative

thyroiditis,subacutethyroiditisandhashimoto's

thyroiditis.

3.Keypointsanddifficulties

(1)emphasis

Preoperativepreparation,indicationsandpostoperative

complicationsofsurgicalhyperthyroidism.

(9)knot,rectalcancerandrectalanorectaldiseases(theory

3+practice3)

1.Teachingcontent

(1)anatomicalstructureandphysiologicalcharacteristicsof

thecolonandrectalanalcanal

(2)rectalexaminationmethod

(3)sigmoidcolontorsion(self-taught)

(4)rectalpolypsandpolyposis

(5)colorectalcancer

(6)surgicaltreatmentofulcerativecolitis

(7)rectumprolapse

(8)anabscessaroundtherectalcanal

(9)analfistula

(10)analfissure

(11)hemorrhoid

(12)analcanalandperianalmalignanttumor(self-taught)

(13)surgicaltreatmentofchronicconstipation

(self-learning)

2.Basicrequirements

(1)tounderstandtheanatomyandexaminationofthecolon,

rectumandanalcanal.

(2)tounderstandtheclinicalmanifestations,diagnosisand

treatmentofknots,rectalpolypsandpolyps.

(3)familiarwiththeetiologyandpathology,clinical

manifestation,diagnosisandtreatmentofcolorectalcancer.

(4)tounderstandthediagnosisandsurgicaltreatmentof

ulcerativecolitis.

(5)tounderstandthediagnosisandtreatmentofrectal

prolapse,peripheralabscess,analfistula,analfissureand

hemorrhoids

3.Keypointsanddifficulties

(1)emphasis

Etiologyandpathology,clinicalmanifestation,diagnosisand

treatmentofcolorectalcancer.

(10)injurytotheurinarysystemandtuberculosis(theoretical

4learningtime+practice2)

1.Teachingcontent

(1)kidneyinjury

(2)ureteraldamage(self-study)

(3)bladderinjury(self-study)

(4)urethralinjury

(5)urinarytuberculosis

(6)malegenitaltuberculosis(self-study)

2.Basicrequirements

(1)tounderstandthepathogenesis,etiologyandpathologic

anatomyofinjuryinvariouspartsoftheurinarytract

(2)masterthesymptoms,diagnosisandemergencytreatment

principlesofrenalandbladderinjuries

(3)understandtheimportanceofrenaltuberculosisinurinary

andmalegenitaltuberculosis

(4)mastertheclinicalmanifestations,diagnosticmethods,

systemicandlocaltreatmentofrenaltuberculosis

(5)theprincipleoftreatmentofcomplicationsofurinary

tuberculosis

(6)identifydiagnosticmethodsforprostateandepididymal

nodules

3.Keypointsanddifficulties

(1)emphasis

Thesymptoms,diagnosisandemergencytreatmentprinciplesof

kidneyandbladderinjury

(2)difficulty

Clinicalmanifestations,diagnosticmethods,systemicand

localtreatmentofrenaltuberculosis

(11)urinaryandprostatediseases(theory4)

1.Teachingcontent

(1)summaryofstonedisease

(2)urinarycalculi

(3)bladdercalculus(self-study)

(4)urethralcalculi(self-study)

(5)chronicprostatitis

2.Basicrequirements

(1)tounderstandtheprinciples,causesandcomponentsof

urinarycalculiformation

(2)tounderstandthepathologicalchangescausedby

urolithiasis

(3)tomasterthenewprogressinthetreatmentofvariousorgan

stonesintheurinarysystem.Forexample,extracorporealshock

wavelithotripsy,intracavitarysurgeryandpercutaneous

puncturelithotripsy(PCNL)

(4)comprehensivetreatmentofchronicprostatitis

(5)mastertheprinciplesofdiagnosisandtreatmentofbenign

prostatichyperplasia

3.Keypointsanddifficulties

(1)emphasis

Theprincipleofdiagnosisandtreatmentofbenignprostatic

hyperplasia

(12)surgicalexaminationanddiagnosisofurinaryandmale

reproductivesystem(theory2+practice1)

1.Teachingcontent

(1)surgicalexamination

(2)imagingexamination

(3)diagnosisofurinaryandmalereproductivesystemdiseases

2.Basicrequirements

(1)tounderstandthepathogenesisofurinaryandmale

reproductivesystem

(2)familiarwiththesymptomsandsignsofurologicalandmale

reproductivesystemsurgery

(3)understandthecausesofurinaryfrequency,bloodurineand

thelocationofhematuria

(4)tounderstandtherelationshipbetweendifferentsymptoms

anddiseasesoftheurinaryandmalereproductivesystem

(5)tobefamiliarwiththeindications,contraindicationsand

precautionsofurologicalinstrumentsandangiography

(6)tounderstandthecauses,symptoms,diagnosisandtreatment

ofcongenitalmalformationofgenitourinaryandmalegenitals

3.Keypointsanddifficulties

(1)emphasis

Commonurinarysystemsymptomsanddiagnosticprinciples

(13)urologictumor(theory2+practice2)

1.Teachingcontent

(1)renaltumors

(2)bladdertumor

(3)prostatecancer

(4)peniscancer

(5)testiculartumors

2.Basicrequirements

(1)tounderstandthegeneralsituationofurologicalandmale

reproductivesystemtumors.

(2)mastertheclinicalmanifestations,diagnosis,

pathologicalgrading,clinicalstagingandtreatment

principlesofbladdertumors.

(3)clinicalmanifestations,diagnosisandtreatmentofkidney,

prostateandpenilecancer.

(4)tounderstandthediagnosisandtreatmentprinciplesof

testiculartumors.

3.Keypointsanddifficulties

(1)emphasis

Clinicalmanifestations,diagnosis,pathological

classification,clinicalstageandtreatmentprincipleof

bladdertumor.

3.Scheduleofstudytime

Theserialnumberiscalledanumberofhomeworkassignments

afterteaching

Andrequirements

Theoreticalstudytime

(1)intracranialhypertensionandcraniocerebralinjury,43

(2)cerebrovasculardisease4.3

(3)heartsurgerydisease,esophagealdisease43

primarymediastinaltumor,3,3

(5)esophagealcancer,chesttrauma4,3

(6)urinary