北京市西城区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试题

北京市西城区2023—2024学年度第一学期期末试卷高二英语本试卷共14页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第Ⅰ卷（共75分）Ⅰ.听力理解（共三节，22.5分）第一节:(共4小题;每小题1.5分,共6分)听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。1.Whatwillthemanprobablybuyintheend?A.Juice.B.Water.C.Coke.2.WhatisthewomangoingtodoonSunday?A.Enjoyaconcert.B.Seeafilm.C.Workonaproject.3.HowdidSamgotoschooltoday?A.Bybike.B.Onfoot.C.Bybus.4.Wholikesedy?A.Theman.B.Theman’smother.C.Theman’sfather.第二节：（共6小题；每小题1.5分，共9分）听下面三段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。5.Whydidthewomangotothelibrary?A.Tomeettheman.B.Tocheckthetextbook.C.Topreparefortheexam.6.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Classmates.B.Workmates.C.Neighbors.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。7.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisperformancetoday?A.Excited.B.Disappointed.C.Surprised.8Whatisthewomandoing?A.Hostingaceremony.B.Doinganinterview.C.Askingforadvice.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。9.Whatcanyoulearnaboutthetour?A.Itwilllastfourdays.B.Nomealswillbeprovided.C.Studentswillmeetsomeartists.10.Whatisthespeaker’smainpurposeingivingthistalk?A.Topersuadestudentstojoinatour.B.Toinvitestudentstobetourguides.C.Toinformstudentsofatourarrangement.第三节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。HowtoHaveaSenseofHumor11yourself■Havealightheartedattitudeaboutyourself■Learnto12atyourself.Giveothersa13■Beforgivingandfocusonpositives■Trynottotakeotherstoo14Watchandlearn■Observeotherpeople■Watch15withvariedhumorⅡ.完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ItwasaSundayafternooninMay.PaulBlachutwasbusyworkingatarestaurantinscenicAugsburg,Germany.Manytouristscameforfoodattheprettyplacebesidetheriver,wherethemeltwaterwascoldatthistimeofyear.Amotherandherdaughterwere___1___thecoolingwaterbytheriverbank.Theywereplayingwithaninflatabletubehappilywhen___2___thegirllostherfootingandwascaughtintheriver’scurrent.Ithappenedsofastthatthegirldesperatelygrabbed(抓)ontothetube,whichhermotherwassittingin,throwingherintotheriver,too.Blachutheardthesuddenshout,“Twowomenaredrowningintheriver!”Thenhehurriedtothe___3___,wherehespottedthemtryingtograbanythingtheycould.Hewashorrifiedtoseethatoneofthemkeptsinking.Blachut’smind___4___,“HowcanIhelpthem?”___5___havingnolifesavingtraining,herusheddowntotheriverbank.Quicklyhe___6___hisTshirtandjumpedintotheriver.Hedidn’tcareaboutthecold;allhecouldthinkaboutwassavingthewomen.Itwasobvioustheywere___7___.AsBlachutgotclosertothem,hecould___8___thatthemotherseemedtobeinthemosttrouble.Shewasdrowning.He___9___afilminwhichalifeguardgrabbedadrowningvictim’sbody,pullingthepersonashorewhileswimmingonhisback.Blachuttriedthis,butthewoman’sclothingmadeherso____10____;hekeptbeingdraggedunder,too.Heneededanew____11____.Hequicklydivedunderthedrowningwoman,____12____herupwardandusingthatmomentum(水势)totakehertowardtheshore.Atthattime,anonlookerwasableto____13____thewoman’shand,pullingherashore.ThenBlachutjumpedintotheriveragain.Heswamdownstream,gotholdofthedaughter,andwasabletogetheroutinthesameway,too.Severalonlookersexpressedtheir____14____forBlachutfollowingtheincident.However,Blachutwas____15____abouthisrole,“ThewholerescueonlytookseveralminutesandIamhappytoreceiveyourpraise.”1.A.enjoying B.buying C.drinking D.pouring2.A.slowly B.naturally C.fortunately D.suddenly3.A.pool B.restaurant C.shore D.tube4.A.stopped B.raced C.wandered D.worked5.A.Without B.Despite C.Besides D.For6.A.putaway B.triedon C.tookoff D.hungup7.A.helpless B.dangerous C.calm D.busy8.A.share B.express C.respond D.tell9.A.mentioned B.recalled C.rent D.shot10.A.pretty B.soft C.heavy D.strong11.A.schedule B.task C.message D.plan12.A.pushing B.flying C.rolling D.pulling13.A.wave B.clap C.grasp D.shake14.A.surprise B.admiration C.happiness D.hope15.A.curious B.careful C.passionate D.modest【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B5.B6.C7.A8.D9.B10.C11.D12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在餐厅工作的PaulBlachut不顾自己的安全，跳进冰冷的水中去救一对因意外溺水的母女的事迹。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位母亲和她的女儿正在河岸边享受清凉的水。A.enjoying享受；B.buying买；C.drinking喝；D.pouring倾倒。由下文“Theywereplayingwithaninflatabletubehappily”可知，身为游客的这对母女在河边享受清凉的水。故选A项。【2题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她们正在愉快地玩游泳圈，突然女孩失足，被河水卷走了。A.slowly缓慢地；B.naturally自然地；C.fortunately幸运地；D.suddenly突然地。由下文“Ithappenedsofast”可知，女孩落入水中，是突然发生的意外。故选D项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他急忙赶到岸边，在那里他发现她们试图抓住任何能抓住的东西。A.pool水塘；B.restaurant餐馆；C.shore岸；D.tube管状物。由“wherehespottedthemtryingtograbanythingtheycould”可知，听到母女二人溺水，Blachut赶到了岸边看情况。故选C项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Blachut的脑子里飞快地想：“我该怎么帮她们？”A.stopped停止；B.raced快速转动；C.wandered漫步；D.worked工作。由上文“Hewashorrifiedtoseethatoneofthemkeptsinking.”和下文“HowcanIhelpthem?”可知，看到其中一人情况危急，Blachut脑子飞速思考该如何救人。故选B项。【5题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管没有接受过救生训练，他还是冲下了河岸。A.Without没有；B.Despite尽管；C.Besides除……之外；D.For为了。由本处语境可知，前后存在让步关系，用Despite突出Blachut英勇无畏、不顾自己的安全救人。故选B项。【6题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他很快脱下T恤跳进河里。A.putaway收起；B.triedon试穿；C.tookoff脱下；D.hungup悬挂。由常识可知，因为衣服在水中会变得很重，下水一般要脱衣服。故选C项。【7题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很明显，她们很无助。A.helpless无助的；B.dangerous危险的；C.calm镇定的；D.busy繁忙的。由上文“Twowomenaredrowningintheriver!”和“Hewashorrifiedtoseethatoneofthemkeptsinking.”可知，两位女士处于生死关头，此时是感到无助的。故选A项。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Blachut离她们越来越近时，他可以看出母亲似乎遇到了最大的麻烦。A.share分享；B.express表达；C.respond回应；D.tell识别、辨别。由“thatthemotherseemedtobeinthemosttrouble”可知，Blachut下水救人，游得越近，他辨别出母亲身处的麻烦最大。故选D项。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回忆起一部电影，在这部电影中，一名救生员抓住一名溺水者的身体，在他仰面游泳时将其拖上岸。A.mentioned提到；B.recalled回忆；C.rent租；D.shot射击。由“afilminwhichalifeguardgrabbedadrowningvictim’sbody,pullingthepersonashorewhileswimmingonhisback”可知，此处指Blachut回忆电影中救溺水者的场景。故选B项。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Blachut试过这个办法，但那女人的衣服使她显得那么重；他也一直被拖下水。A.pretty漂亮的；B.soft柔软的；C.heavy沉重的；D.strong强壮的。由下文“hekeptbeingdraggedunder,too”可知，Blachut被拖下水是因为溺水者泡了水的衣服变得很重。故选C项。【11题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他需要一个新的计划。A.schedule工作日程；B.task任务；C.message消息；D.plan计划。由下文“Hequicklydivedunderthedrowningwoman…”可知，Blachut采取电影中救人方法不成，他需要另一个救人计划。故选D项。【12题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他迅速潜入溺水女子的身下，将她向上推，并利用水势将她带向岸边。A.pushing推；B.flying飞；C.rolling翻滚；D.pulling拉。由下文“upward”可知，溺水者在下沉，要救溺水者，需要把他们推向水面。故选A项。【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时，一名旁观者抓住了这名女子的手，将她拉上岸。A.wave挥手；B.clap鼓掌；C.grasp抓住；D.shake摇。由上文语境可知，Blachut把那位母亲推向水面，此时一位旁观者前来相助，抓住了溺水母亲的手，把她拉上岸。故选C项。【14题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：事件发生后，几名旁观者对Blachut救人表示钦佩。A.surprise惊讶；B.admiration钦佩；C.happiness快乐；D.hope希望。由上文语境可知，Blachut没有接受过救生训练，还是不顾安危、英勇无畏救了母女二人，大家对他表示钦佩。故选B项。【15题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Blachut对自己起的作用很谦虚：“整个救援只花了几分钟，我很高兴收到你们的赞扬。”A.curious好奇的；B.careful认真的；C.passionate热情的；D.modest谦虚的。由下文“ThewholerescueonlytookseveralminutesandIamhappytoreceiveyourpraise”可知，Blachut轻描淡写地描述整个惊险的救人过程，弱化自己起的作用，说明他是一个很谦虚的人。故选D项。Ⅲ.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ARegeneronScienceTalentSearch(RegeneronSTS)istheoldestandmostimportantscienceresearchpetitionforhighschoolstudentsalloverthenation.Startedin1942,RegeneronSTSrecognizesandempowersmostpromisingyoungscientists.Eachyear,nearly2,000studentsenterRegeneronSTS.Thepetitionawards300studentscholarsandtheirschoolsannuallyandinvites40studentfinaliststoWashington,D.C.toparticipateinfinaljudging.RegeneronSTSprovidesanimportantplatformfortheiroriginalresearchwhichisexaminedandreviewedbyprofessionalscientists.Whataretherequirements?●Applicantsmustbeover13yearsofageandhavelegalparentalpermissiontosubmit(提交)theapplicationandparticipate,orbe18yearsofageorolder;●ApplicantsmustpleteindividualresearchprojectstoenterRegeneronSTS.ResearchconductedaspartofaprecollegiatestudentteamprojectisnotqualifiedforRegeneronSTS;●Applicantsmustsubmitapplicationpackagethroughouronlinesystem,andmustnothaveenteredanypreviousRegeneronSTS.Whatarethecoreponentsofanapplication?●Essays,shortanswerresponses,activitiesandbasicinformation;●ScientificResearchReport(maximum20pageresearchpaperaboutoneoftheapplicant’soriginalresearchprojects);●Remendationssubmittedbyadults;●TestScores(optional).Whatcouldtheapplicantswin?●PARTICIPATIONAWARDS:AllpetitorswillreceiveaTshirt,laptopstickers,andafreeoneyearsubscriptiontoScienceNewsmagazine.●SCHOLARAWARDS:Eachofthe300scholarswillreceivea$2,000award.●SCHOOLAWARDS:Theschoolsofeachscholarwillreceive$2,000perscholar.Theawardisintendedtocontributetoexcellenceinscience,mathand/orengineeringeducationattheschool.●FINALISTAWARDS:Judgesselect40finalistsfromamongthescholars.InadditiontoanallexpensepaidtriptoWashington,D.C.,finalistsreceiveaminimumawardof$25,000.16.FromParagraph1,weknowthatRegeneronSTS________.A.wasstartedbeforethe1940sB.recognizes40scholarseveryyearC.isaplatformforprofessionalscientistsD.isanationwidescienceresearchpetition17.Accordingtothepassage,applicantsarerequiredto________.A.beover18yearsoldB.submitapplicationsonlineC.haveenteredRegeneronSTSbeforeD.havepletedtheresearchforateamproject18.Whowillwinaminimumawardof$25,000?A.Eachfinalist. B.Eachparticipant.C.Eachscholar. D.Eachofthescholars’school.【答案】16D17.B18.A【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍全国性的科学研究竞赛RegeneronSTS。【16题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“RegeneronScienceTalentSearch(RegeneronSTS)istheoldestandmostimportantscienceresearchpetitionforhighschoolstudentsalloverthenation.(Regeneron科学人才搜索（RegeneronSTS）是全国最古老、最重要的高中生科学研究竞赛。)”可知，RegeneronSTS是全国性的科学研究竞赛。故选D。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据Whataretherequirements?部分第三条“Applicantsmustsubmitapplicationpackagethroughouronlinesystem(申请人必须通过我们的在线系统提交申请包)”可知，申请人需要在线提交申请。故选B。【18题详解】细节理解题。根据Whatcouldtheapplicantswin?部分最后一条“InadditiontoanallexpensepaidtriptoWashington,D.C.,finalistsreceiveaminimumawardof$25,000.(入围者除了可以免费前往华盛顿特区，还可以获得最低2.5万美元的奖金)”可知，参加决赛者还将获得最低25000美元的奖励。故选A。BWhenIwasanundergraduatestudentstudyingecology,Iwasusedtodiscoveringoveralltrendsinlargeamountsofdata.Thethoughtofgettingmyhandsdirtyinthefieldneverseemedinterestingtome.Isawitasaboringandrepetitivetask.ButIknewpotentialgraduateschoolswouldlikelyviewmylackoffieldexperienceasaholeinmyapplicationletter.MymotheralsothoughtIshouldworkforafewyearstoexploremyinterestsbeforepursuingfurthereducation.SoIdecidedtoapplyforfieldbasedsummerpositionsaftergraduation.AfterlandingajobassessingthesagegrousehabitatinUtah,IfoundmyselfinthepanyofSherel,a75yearoldbotanistandtheleaderofourfieldcrew.Ontheveryfirstdayofthefieldwork,Inoticedaspecialplantonthefield.“Wonderful!Lookslikeyou’vegotaMahoniarepens,”Sherelshoutedexcitedly.Igentlytouchedtheplantwithyellowflowersbymyfeet,“Thisonehere?Howcanyoutellit’saMahonia?”Hepausedbrieflytoadmiretheplantandthenbeganhisenergeticdescriptionoftheplant’stypicalfeatures.Thatevening,whilewewerewatchingthesunsettogether,Itextedmychildhoodfriend.“DayIwasactuallykindoffun,”Istarted,“butwe’llseehowlongittakesbeforeIgetboredfromjustidentifyingplantsinthefieldallday.”Butastheweeksoffieldworkrolledby,theboredomIhadexpectedneverarrived.Icamehomefromthefieldeachnightwithsorelegsandasunburnedneck,excitedbytheday’sfinds.BypickingSherel’sbrainaboutdifferentspeciesofanimalsandplants,Idiscoveredfielddaysareaboutmuchmorethanidentification.Eachdayisanopportunitytolearnalittlebitmore.Whenthesummerwasover,Ifoundmyselfinanotherfieldjob,thistimesurveyingforestinMichigan’sUpperPeninsula.I’mnowathirdyearPh.D.studentinecology.Fieldworkmaybebuggy,wet,andphysicallydemanding,butworkingwithothershelpskeepspiritshighandthephysicalactivityhelpsmestaysharp.Anditconstantlyremindsmethatanytaskcanpresentanopportunitytolearn—aslongasIamopentoit.19.WhydidtheauthorjointhefieldworkinUtah?A.Tofindoutoveralltrendsindata. B.Toassessthesagegrousehabitat.C.Toimprovehisapplicationletter. D.Torealizehismother’sdream.20.OnthefirstdayofthefieldworkinUtah,theauthor______.A.arguedwithSherel B.plainedtohisfriendC.becamealeaderofhisgroup D.discoveredaMahoniarepens21.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoffieldworknow?A.Easybutinteresting. B.Boringbutfruitful.C.Tiringbutmeaningful. D.Repetitivebutdemanding.22.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Weshouldexplorefunindailytasks. B.Weshouldbeopentonewexperiences.C.Weshouldrespectthepeoplearoundus. D.Weshouldbedeterminedaboutourgoals.【答案】19.C20.D21.C22.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者是一名研究生态学的本科生，不愿意进行田野里实地研究，在母亲的劝说下，为进一步深造做准备，作者在毕业后申请了实地暑期职位，这段经历让作者明白任何任务都可以提供学习的机会。【19题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中“WhenIwasanundergraduatestudentstudyingecology,Iwasusedtodiscoveringoveralltrendsinlargeamountsofdata.Thethoughtofgettingmyhandsdirtyinthefieldneverseemedinterestingtome.(当我还是一名研究生态学的本科生时，我习惯于在大量数据中发现总体趋势。一想到要在田里弄脏自己的手，我就觉得没什么意思)”和“ButIknewpotentialgraduateschoolswouldlikelyviewmylackoffieldexperienceasaholeinmyapplicationletter.MymotheralsothoughtIshouldworkforafewyearstoexploremyinterestsbeforepursuingfurthereducation.(但我知道潜在的研究生院可能会认为我缺乏实地经验会是我申请信中的一个漏洞。我母亲也认为我应该工作几年，探索自己的兴趣，然后再继续深造)”可知，作者虽是一名研究生态学的本科生，但没有实地经验，这于他申请研究院是不利的，为了提升自己的申请信，作者才参加犹他州的实地研究。故选C项。【20题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中“Ontheveryfirstdayofthefieldwork,Inoticedaspecialplantonthefield.“Wonderful!Lookslikeyou’vegotaMahoniarepens,”Sherelshoutedexcitedly.(在实地考察的第一天，我注意到田野上有一种特殊的植物。“太棒了！看起来你得到了一株野Mahoniarepens(小檗科)，”Sherel兴奋地喊道)”可知，在犹他州实地考察的第一天，作者发现了一株Mahoniarepens(小檗科)。故选D项。【21题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段中“Fieldworkmaybebuggy,wet,andphysicallydemanding,butworkingwithothershelpskeepspiritshighandthephysicalactivityhelpsmestaysharp.(实地研究可能很麻烦，很潮湿，对体力要求很高，但与他人一起工作有助于保持高昂的精神状态，体育活动有助于我保持敏捷)”可知，作者认为实地研究对体力要求很高但有好处，可得出它是累人但有意义的。选C项。【22题详解】推理判断题。由倒数第二段中“Idiscoveredfielddaysareaboutmuchmorethanidentification.Eachdayisanopportunitytolearnalittlebitmore.(我发现实地研究的日子不仅仅是识别。每一天都是学习更多知识的机会)”和最后一段中“Anditconstantlyremindsmethatanytaskcanpresentanopportunitytolearn—aslongasIamopentoit.(它不断提醒我，任何任务都可以提供学习的机会——只要我对此持开放态度)”可知，作者通过这段实地研究的日子明白了一个道理：我们应该对新的经验持开放态度，才能有更多的学习机会。故选B项。CAnAImodelcanbeusedtodetectstressinofficeworkersbasedonhowtheyusetheirmouseandkeyboard.Anewstudysuggeststhatamachinelearningmodelusingthesetwoelementswasmoreaccurateatdetectingstressinpeoplethanamodelthattrackedtheirheartratedata.“Wesawthatthemodelsthatjustusedthemouseandkeyboarddataperformedbetterthanthemodelsthathadtheheartratedatainit,”saysMartNaegelin.aPh.D.studentattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnology,andoneofthestudy’sauthors.Naegelinandherfellowresearchersusedmachinelearningmodelstoanalyzedataonkeyboardtypingactivity,mousemovementsandheartratedata.Theyalsostudiedthedataofabinationoftwoorallthreeoftheseelementstodeterminewhichperformedbestintermsofmeasuringstress.Theyfoundthatthemodeltrainedonmouseandkeyboarddataperformedbetterthanthemodelthatusedmouse,keyboardandheartrates.Ofthesinglemodality(形态)models,theheartratedataperformedtheworst.“Thetestwasconductedinanenvironmentthatsimulatedanofficeenvironment,sotheresultsstillneedtobeconfirmedinreallifescenarios(情况),”Naegelinsays.Intheexperiment,participantsweredividedintothreegroups.Acontrolgroupcarriedoutassignedtasks,suchasplanningmeetingsandcollectingdata,withnoadditionalwork.Asecondgroupattimesansweredquestionsfrommanagersinpersoninamockinterviewscenariowhilepletingotherassignedtasks.Andmembersofathirdgroupwere,atcertainpoints,interruptedwithadditionalquestionssentthroughanonlinechatontopoftasksassignedtoothergroups.Atregularintervalsduringtheexperiment,participantswereaskedtoratetheirstresslevelsthroughaputerquestionnaire.Researcherslearnedthatworkersmadelonger,lessaccuratemovementswiththeirmouse,aswellasmoretypingerrors,whentheywerestressed.Shorter,moredirectmovementswiththemouseweretiedtolowerstresslevels.Thestudydidn’tfocusonwhyincreasedlevelsofstressarethoughttoaffectmuscleactivity.Theresearcherssaytheybelieveastressdetectionsystemthatlogskeyboardandmousemovementsmightbebeneficialasaselfhelptoolforemployeesalongsideotherinitiativestoimproveworkplacementalhealth.Butemployeeparticipationwouldneedtobeoptionalandbasedoninformedconsent(同意),andpanieswouldneedtomittoprotectinguserprivacy.Itremainstobeseenhowthistechnologywillevolveandbeadoptedinpractice,butthepotentialforAItocontributepositivelytoemployeewellbeingisanappealingavenueforfutureexploration.23.WhatdoweknowfromNaegelin’sstudy?A.Heartratedatahaslittleconnectionwithstress.B.Mouseandkeyboarddataproveseffectiveinstressdetection.C.Mousedataperformsworstinmeasuringstressamongallmodels.D.Usingmoreelementsinamodelincreasesaccuracyinstressdetection.24WhatisParagragh5mainlyabout?A.Theresearchprocess. B.Theresearchfindings.C.Theresearchpurpose. D.Theresearchbackground.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.AImodelsbasedonmouseandkeyboarddatahavebeenwidelyapplied.B.Naegelin’sstudyexplainswhymuscleactivitycanaffectstresslevels.C.Employersneedtorespectemployees’privacywhiledetectingstress.D.Astressdetectionsystemimprovesphysicalhealthattheworkplace.26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Tointroduceanewmodeltodetectstress.B.Toparedifferentmodelsinstressdetection.C.Toshowthedisadvantagesofbeingoverstressed.D.Tostatetheimportanceofastressdetectionsystem.【答案】23.B24.B25.C26.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究表明，人工智能模型根据上班族使用鼠标和键盘的方式可以检测人们的压力，其结果比跟踪他们心率数据得出的结果更准确。【23题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“AnAImodelcanbeusedtodetectstressinofficeworkersbasedonhowtheyusetheirmouseandkeyboard.Anewstudysuggeststhatamachinelearningmodelusingthesetwoelementswasmoreaccurateatdetectingstressinpeoplethanamodelthattrackedtheirheartratedata.(人工智能模型可以根据上班族使用鼠标和键盘的方式来检测他们的压力。一项新的研究表明，使用这两个元素的机器学习模型在检测人们的压力方面比跟踪他们心率数据的模型更准确)”和第二段中“Wesawthatthemodelsthatjustusedthemouseandkeyboarddataperformedbetterthanthemodelsthathadtheheartratedatainit(我们发现，只使用鼠标和键盘数据的模型比包含心率数据的模型表现更好)”可知，鼠标和键盘数据在压力检测中被证明是有效的。故选B项。【24题详解】主旨大意题。由第五段中“Researcherslearnedthatworkersmadelonger,lessaccuratemovementswiththeirmouse,aswellasmoretypingerrors,whentheywerestressed.Shorter,moredirectmovementswiththemouseweretiedtolowerstresslevels.(研究人员了解到，当员工受到压力时，他们用鼠标做的动作更长、更不准确，打字错误也更多。用鼠标做更短、更直接的运动与更低的压力水平有关)”可知，第五段主要讲这项研究最后得出的结果。故选B项。【25题详解】细节理解题。由第五段得出的研究结果和倒数第二段“Theresearcherssaytheybelieveastressdetectionsystemthatlogskeyboardandmousemovementsmightbebeneficialasaselfhelptoolforemployeesalongsideotherinitiativestoimproveworkplacementalhealth.Butemployeeparticipationwouldneedtobeoptionalandbasedoninformedconsent(同意),andpanieswouldneedtomittoprotectinguserprivacy.(研究人员表示，他们相信，一个记录键盘和鼠标运动的压力检测系统，作为员工的自助工具，以及其他改善工作场所心理健康的举措，可能是有益的。但员工的参与是非强制的，并基于知情同意，公司需要承诺保护用户隐私)”可知，基于鼠标和键盘数据的AI模型能帮雇主发现员工的压力，但不能强制员工参与，需要尊重员工的隐私。故选C项。【26题详解】推理判断题。由第一段“AnAImodelcanbeusedtodetectstressinofficeworkersbasedonhowtheyusetheirmouseandkeyboard.Anewstudysuggeststhatamachinelearningmodelusingthesetwoelementswasmoreaccurateatdetectingstressinpeoplethanamodelthattrackedtheirheartratedata.(人工智能模型可以根据上班族使用鼠标和键盘的方式来检测他们的压力。一项新的研究表明，使用这两个元素的机器学习模型在检测人们的压力方面比跟踪他们心率数据的模型更准确)”和第二段中“Wesawthatthemodelsthatjustusedthemouseandkeyboarddataperformedbetterthanthemodelsthathadtheheartratedatainit(我们发现，只使用鼠标和键盘数据的模型比包含心率数据的模型表现更好)”可知，文章介绍了一项新研究表明，人工智能模型根据上班族使用鼠标和键盘的方式可以检测人们的压力，其结果比跟踪他们心率数据的得出的结果更准确，本文目的在于介绍一种新的压力检测模型。故选A项。DFrozenintime,a125millionyearoldmammalattackingadinosaur.A39millionyearoldwhale,theheaviestanimalthateverlived.Theoldestknownjellyfish,from505millionyearsago.Paleontology(古生物学)producesnewsworthydiscoveries.Fossils(化石),moreover,providedirectevidenceforthelonghistoryoflife,allowingpaleontologiststotesthypotheses(假设)aboutevolutionwithdataonlytheyprovide.TheyallowinvestigationofpresentandpastlifeonEarth.Flowsofbiologicaldiversity,appearancesofnewlifeformsandtheextinctionsoflongexistingones,wouldgoundiscoveredwithouttheseefforts.Buttheheadlinesoverexcitingnewfossilsgreatlyunderestimatethetrueimportanceofpaleontology.ItsrealsignificanceliesinhowsuchdiscoveriesbrightenthegrandhistoryoflifeonEarth.Fromitsbeginnings,morethanthreebillionyearsago,tothepresentday,fossilsrecordhowlifeadaptedordisappearedinthefaceofmajorenvironmentalchallenges.Paleontologistsprovideuswithauniquevantageonmodernclimatechange.Theyplayanessentialroleininterpretingancientenvironments,inreconstructingancientoceans,continentsandclimates.Fossilsprovidekeylimitationontheclimatemodelsthatareessentialforpredictingfutureclimatechange.Andthefossilrecordgivesimportantinsightsintohowlifewillrespondtopredictedfutureclimateconditions,becausethesehaveoccurredbeforeinEarth’shistory.Inaddition,paleontologyhasprovidedafundamentalcontributiontohumanthought:therealityofspeciesextinctionandthusofaworldthathasdramaticallychangedovertime.Indocumentingthehistoryoflife,paleontologistsrecognizedthatmanyextinctionepisodescouldoccursuddenly,suchastheevent66millionyearsagothatendedthedinosaurs.Thesearchforthecausesofpastmassextinctionsstartedpioneeringstudiesfromacrossthescientificspectrum(科学界),focusingonpotentialfuturethreatstohumanity.Notonlydopaleontologistsknowwhathappenstolifewhenthingsgobad,theyalsoknowhowlongittakesforecosystemsandbiodiversitytorecoverfromthesedisasters,whichcantakefarlongerthanmodernhumanshaveexisted.Paleontologiststhusprovideauniqueperspectiveonthenatureandfuturelongtermecologicalimpactofthecurrenthumanproducedbiodiversitycrisis,thesocalledSixthExtinction,andthereforetheimportanceofprotectingmodernbiodiversity.TheveryconceptofaSixthExtinctionwouldnotexistwithoutpaleontologistsdocumentingthefirstfive.Paleontologistsknowthatunderstandinglife’spastiscriticaltoanticipatingandadaptingtolife’sandhumanity’sfuture.Paleontologyisimportantbecauseitbringsitsuniqueandcriticalperspectivetocurrentchallengesinclimatechange,biodiversitylossandtheenvironment.Paleontologistscanpredictthefuturebecausetheyknowthepast.27.Thefirsttwoparagraphsarewrittento_______.A.describeanevent B.raiseaquestionC.presentanopinion D.makeaparison28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vantage”inParagraph3mean?A.Apositiveeffect. B.Avaluablesuggestion.C.Aquickdecision. D.Aprehensiveview.29.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Ecologicalrecoverytakesshorterthanimagined.B.Pastlessonscanhelptopredictthefuturethreats.C.Paleontologistscanhandlethebiodiversitycrisis.D.Fossilstudiesfocusonthecausesofmassextinctions.30.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Paleontology:APioneeringStudyB.Paleontology:AHistoryRecorderC.PaleontologyTellsMoreAboutNatureThanHumansD.PaleontologyIsFarMoreThanNewFossilDiscoveries【答案】27.C28.D29.B30.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了古生物学远不止是新的化石发现，通过化石上表征的过去，古生物学家抽丝剥茧得出过去经验，预测危险，为未来如何避免犯过去同样的错误提供明灯，强调了古生物学研究的真正意义何在。【27题详解】推理判断题。第一段“Frozenintime,a125millionyearoldmammalattackingadinosaur.A39millionyearoldwhale,theheaviestanimalthateverlived.Theoldestknownjellyfish,from505millionyearsago.Paleontology(古生物学)producesnewsworthydiscoveries.(时间凝固，一只1.25亿年前的哺乳动物正在攻击一只恐龙。一头3900万年前的鲸鱼，是有史以来最重的动物。已知最古老的水母，来自5.05亿年前。古生物学产生了有新闻价值的发现)”讲述了古生物学产生了有新闻价值的古老化石发现，再结合第二段“Fossils(化石),moreover,providedirectevidenceforthelonghistoryoflife,allowingpaleontologiststotesthypotheses(假设)aboutevolutionwithdataonlytheyprovide.(此外，化石为漫长的生命史提供了直接证据，使古生物学家能够用他们提供的数据来检验进化论的假设)”和“Buttheheadlinesoverexcitingnewfossilsgreatlyunderestimatethetrueimportanceofpaleontology.ItsrealsignificanceliesinhowsuchdiscoveriesbrightenthegrandhistoryoflifeonEarth.(但是，关于令人兴奋的新化石的头条新闻大大低估了古生物学的真正重要性。它的真正意义在于这些发现如何照亮地球上生命的伟大历史)”可知，作者在前两段提出了一个观点——古生物学的意义不仅是化石发现，它的真正意义在于这些发现如何照亮地球上生命的伟大历史。故选C项。【28题详解】词句猜测题。由第三段“Paleontologistsprovideuswithauniquevantageonmodernclimatechange.Theyplayanessentialroleininterpretingancientenvironments,inreconstructingancientoceans,continentsandclimates.Fossilsprovidekeylimitationontheclimatemodelsthatareessentialforpredictingfutureclimatechange.Andthefossilrecordgivesimportantinsightsintohowlifewillrespondtopredictedfutureclimateconditions,becausethesehaveoccurredbeforeinEarth’shistory.(古生物学家为我们提供了一个了解现代气候变化的独特vantage。他们在解释古代环境、重建古代海洋、大陆和气候方面发挥着重要作用。化石对预测未来气候变化至关重要的气候模型提供了关键的限制。化石记录为生命将如何应对预测的未来气候条件提供了重要的见解，因为这些情况在地球历史上以前就发生过)”可知，古生物学家通过对化石进行研究，获得了重要的见解，使他们在解释古代环境、重建古代海洋、大陆和气候方面发挥着重要作用，所以他们能为人类了解现代气候变化提供独特全面的视角，划线词意为“Aprehensiveview(全面的视角)”。故选D项。【29题详解】推理判断题。由第四段中“Thesearchforthecausesofpastmassextinctionsstartedpioneeringstudiesfromacrossthescientificspectrum(科学界),focusingonpotentialfuturethreatstohumanity.(寻找过去大规模灭绝的原因开始了跨科学领域的开创性研究，重点关注未来对人类的潜在威胁)”和最后一段中“Paleontologistsknowthatunderstandinglife’spastiscritical