黑山2023世行企业调查实施报告（英文）

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TheMontenegro2023WorldBankEnterpriseSurveyImplementationReport

I.Introduction

ThisdocumentprovidesinformationontheWorldBankEnterpriseSurveys(WBES)implementedinMontenegrobetweenApril2023andAugust2023.TheWBEScollectbothobjectivedatabasedonfirms’day-to-dayexperiences,andperceptionsofenterprisesregardingthebusinessenvironmentinwhichtheyoperate.TheWBEScurrentlycoverover194,000firmsin155countrieswithatotalof308surveyssince2006.TheWBESarealsousedtobuildapanelofenterprisedatathatwillmakeitpossibletotrackchangesinthebusinessenvironmentovertime.1

Thisreportdescribesthesamplingdesignofthesurvey,thedatasetstructureaswellasadditionalinformationthatmaybeusefulwhenusingthedata,suchasinformationonsurveynon-responseandtheappropriateuseofthesamplingweights.

II.SamplingStructure

TheWBESusestratifiedrandomsampling,wherethepopulationofestablishmentsisfirstseparatedintonon-overlappinggroups,calledstrata,andthenrespondentsareselectedthroughsimplerandomsamplingfromeachstratum.ThedetailedmethodologyisprovidedintheSamplingNote.2Stratifiedrandomsamplinghasseveraladvantagesoversimplerandomsampling.Inparticular,it:

•producesunbiasedestimatesofthewholepopulationoruniverseofinference,aswellasatthelevelsofstratification

•ensuresrepresentativenessbyincludingobservationsinallofthosecategories

•producesmorepreciseestimatesforagivensamplesizeorbudgetallocation,and

•mayreduceimplementationcostsbysplittingthepopulationintoconvenientsubdivisions.

TheWBEStypicallyusethreelevelsofstratification:industryclassification,establishmentsize,andsubnationalregion(usedincombination).Startingin2022,theWBESbasestheindustryclassificationonISICRev.4(withearliersurveysusingISICRev.3.1).3Forregionalcoveragewithinacountry,theWBEShasnationalcoverage.

1A“panelinterview”referstoaninterviewwithabusinessthatwasalsointerviewedinthepreviousWBES.

2TheSamplingNoteisavailableat:

/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodology/Sampling

_Note-

Consolidated-2-16-22.pdf.Forfurthermethodologicalbackgroundsee,RichardL.Scheaffer;Mendenhall,W.;Lyman,R.,“ElementarySurveySampling”,FifthEdition,1996.

3TheWBESuniverseincludes:allmanufacturing(ISIC4.0codes10-32),services(ISIC4.0codes33,41-43,45-47,49-56,58,61,62,69-75,79,95).DetailsonsectoralcoverageandtheWBESuniverseofinferencecanbefoundintheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuide(p.4).

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II.1StratificationCategories

TheMontenegro2023WBESusesthefollowingstratificationcategories:

•Industry:

1.Manufacturing(SectionC)

2.Services(SectionsF,G,H,I,M,andcodes58,61,62,79,95)

•Size:

1.Small(5to19employees)

2.Medium(20to99employees)

3.Large(100ormoreemployees)

•Region:

1.NorthernRegion

2.CentralRegion

3.CoastalRegion

Sectoralstratificationwasdeterminedsuchthatboththemanufacturingandtheservicessectormeettheminimumcriteriaofrepresentativenessatthe7.5%marginoferrorand90%confidenceinterval.

RegionstrataoftheMontenegro2023WBESwereselectedbasedonstatisticalregionsofMontenegro.ThisincludestheNorthernRegion,theCentralRegionandtheCoastalRegioncombinedintotheentirecountrytoachieveprecisionintheestimates.

II.2Universe

Theuniverseofinferenceincludesallformal(i.e.,registered)privatesectorbusinesses(withatleast1%privateownership)andwithatleastfiveemployees.Intermsofsectoralcriteria,allmanufacturingbusinesses(ISICRev4.codes10-33)areeligible;forservicesbusinesses,thosecorrespondingtotheISICRev4codes41-43,45-47,49-53,55-56,58,61-62,69-75,79,and95areincludedintheEnterpriseSurveys.CooperativesandcollectivesareexcludedfromtheEnterpriseSurveys.Alleligibleestablishmentsmustberegisteredwiththeregistrationagency.InthecaseofMontenegro,registrationwasfromtheCentralRegistryofCommercialEntities(CRPS).Theuniversetableisthetotalnumberofeligibleestablishments,andthetableispartitionedbythestratificationgroups(industryclassification,establishmentsize,andsubnationalregion)inacountry.

FortheMontenegro2023WBES,theuniversetable,showninTable1below,wasobtainedfromtheMontenegroTaxAdministration.ThesurveywasconductedbetweenMay2023andJuly2023.TheECisthecompletecountofallestablishmentslocatedwithinthegeographicalboundariesofthecountry.Thesub-setcorrespondingtothestandardESuniversewasused.

II.3SamplingFrame

TheWBESrequiresthemostcompleteandup-to-dateSamplingFrame,thelistofeligibleestablishmentswithinformationonindustryclassification,size,addressandothercontact

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informationthatwillbeusedtorandomlyselectthesample.IncountrieswhereapreviousroundoftheWBESexists,theSamplingFramealsoincludesthePanelSamplingFrame,whichprovidesinformationaboutalltheestablishmentsthatparticipatedinthepreviousroundoftheWBESinthecountry.

TheSamplingFramefortheMontenegro2023WBESwasconstructedfromthefollowingsources(seecountsofestablishmentsintheframeinTable2).ThePanelSamplingFramewasconstructedusinginformationonalltheestablishmentsthatparticipatedintheMontenegro2019WBES.TheFreshSamplingFrame,i.e.,listofestablishmentsthatareintheWBESuniverseandthathavenotparticipatedintheMontenegro2019WBES,wasobtainedfromtheMontenegroTaxAdministration.

ForeveryWBES,necessarymeasuresaretakentoensurethequalityoftheframe;however,thesampleframesarenotimmunetothetypicalproblemsfoundinestablishmentsurveys:positiveratesofnon-eligibility,repetition,non-existentunits,etc.Giventheimpactthatnon-eligibleunitsincludedinthesampleuniversemayhaveontheresults,eligibilityadjustmentsmaybeneededwhencomputingtheappropriatesamplingweightsforindividualobservations(ifandonlyiftheweightsarecomputedthesamplingframethatisalsotheuniverse).Table4reportsresponseoutcomes.

II.4SampleDesign

TheWBESsampledesign,i.e.,targetnumberofinterviewsineachcombinationofstratificationcategories(cells),isgeneratedusingthetwoprimarycriteria:1)minimizethedifferencefromthepurelyproportionalsamplewithineachcell;and2)achieveasufficientsamplesizebystratificationcategorytoallowforestimatesofagivenlevelofprecision.4AdditionalinformationonthecriteriafordeterminingthesamplesizebystratificationcategoryisgivenintheSamplingNote,andadditionalinformationonthesampledesignisgivenintheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuide.5TheoriginalsurveydesignfortheMontenegro2023WBESisgiveninTable3.

III.DataCollection

ThedetailedinformationontheWBESmethodologyanddatacollectionisprovidedintheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuide.TheinterviewsfortheMontenegro2023WBESwereconductedbetweenApril2023andAugust2023.TheinterviewswereconductedintheMontenegrinlanguage.Formonetaryvariables,thecurrencywastheEuro(EUR).Themodeofdatacollectionisrecordedinvariableinterview_type.

4Additionalconstraintsarealsoconsideredinthedesignstage.Thesearegenerallypracticalandinclude,forexample,havingasufficientnumberofavailablecontactsinthesample.

5TheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuideisavailableat:

/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodology/Enterprise-Surveys

-Manual-and-Guide.pdf

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III.1Questionnaire

ThestandardWBESquestionnairecoversseveraltopicsregardingthebusinessenvironmentandbusinessperformance.Thesetopicsincludegeneralfirmcharacteristics,infrastructure,salesandsupplies,managementpractices,competition,innovation,capacity,landandpermits,finance,business-governmentrelations,exposuretobribery,labor,andperformance.InformationaboutthegeneralstructureofthequestionnaireisavailableintheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuide.

ThequestionnaireimplementedintheMontenegro2023WBESincludedadditionalquestionstailoredfortheBusinessReadyReport,whichareindicatedwiththeprefixBEEinthedataandarecoveringareaslike:infrastructure,trade,governmentregulations,finance,labor,andothertopics.

III.2Contractor

ThefieldworkfortheMontenegro2023WBESwasimplementedbyKapaResearchthroughtheirsub-contractorSmartPlus.TheselectionfortheimplementingagencyfollowedthestandardWorldBankprocurementpracticesthataredescribedinmoredetailintheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuide.

III.3Samplingandscreening

SamplesaredrawnbytheEnterpriseSurveysteaminbatches,followingthestratificationandsampledesign.ThecontractorconductedathoroughscreeningprocessbeforeschedulingtheESinterviews.ResultsofthescreeningareprovidedusingtheeligibilityandstatuscodesaslistedinTable4.Incasesofunitnon-response(eitherarefusaloraninabilitytoobtainaninterviewafterexhaustiveattempts),thecontractorproceededwiththecontactthatappearednextinthelistdrawnintherespectivecell.Theprocessofsamplingandscreeningisdescribedinmoredetailinthe

EnterpriseSurveysManualandGuide.

III.4Surveyresponse

Inallsurveys,includingtheWBES,somerespondentschoosenottoparticipate.TheEnterpriseAnalysisteamandthecontractortakeallnecessarymeasurestoboostparticipation,throughvariousmethodsofrecruitment.Thepropermanagementofthescreeningprocessandsamplereplacementensuresthattheresultingsampleremainsrandom.

Themainmeasureofsurveyparticipationistheyield,whichistheratioofthetotalnumberofachievedinterviewstothetotalnumberofcontactedestablishments.Therearetwomainelementsthatboostyields.Firstisthesurveyparticipationrate,measuredastheshareofestablishmentsthatparticipatedamongthosethatcanbeassumedtohavebeeneligible.Thesecondelementisthequalityofframe.Ifonlyasmallfractionofthecontactedestablishmentsisactuallyeligibletoparticipateinthesurvey,thenthesamplingframeisfarfromideal.ThisqualityismeasuredbytheratioofthetotalnumberofestablishmentsthatcanbeassumedtobeeligiblefortheWBESwiththetotalnumberofcontactedestablishmentsintheframe.Inotherwords:

yield=surveyresponserate*Rateofqualityoftheframe

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whichcanrewrittenasfollows:

Totalinterviewed

=

Totalcontacted

Totalinterviewed

*

Assumedeligible

Assumedeligible

Totalcontacted

Table5providesthesemeasuresfortheMontenegro2023WBESandacrossitsstratificationlevels.

III.5AchievedSample

Tables6and7providecountoftheWBESinterviewscollectedforeachstratificationcell,i.e.,brokendownbyindustry,establishmentsize,andregion.Table6reportsfullsample,whileTable7showscountsofonlypanelinterviews.

III.6SamplingWeights

SincetheWBESusesstratifiedrandomsampling,individualobservationsshouldbeproperlyweightedwhenmakinginferencesaboutthepopulation,sinceunweightedestimatesarebiasedunlesssamplesizesareproportionaltothesizeofeachstratum.ForeachWBES,specialcareisgiventocorrectlycomputesamplingweights.WhenevertheUniverseisusedtodrawthesample(i.e.,SamplingFrameisthesameastheUniverse)itisimperativetoaccuratelyadjusttheuniversewithineachstratumtoaccountforthepresenceofineligibleestablishments(e.g.,thefirmdiscontinuedbusinesses,orisdeemedineligibleduetoitsbusinessactivityorhavingfewerthanfiveemployees).Propertreatmentofpanelestablishmentsisalsocrucial.DetailsabouthowtheWBESsamplingweightsarecalculatedaregivenintheSamplingNote.

Threeversionsofsamplingweightsarecalculated,dependingontheassumptionsthatdetermineeligibilityofestablishmentstobecountedtowardstheWBESuniverse.Theseassumptionsarecalledweak,medium,andstrong;andaredefinedasgiveninthetablebelow.PrevalenceofeachoftheseoutcomesfortheMontenegro2023WBESisgiveninTable4.AllindicatorsandanalysisconductedbytheEnterpriseSurveysteamusethesamplingweightsbasedonthemedianassumption.Tables8-10reportestimateduniversebasedontherespectiveassumption.

Assumption

EligibilitycodesforinclusionintheWBESuniverse

Strict

1,2,3,4,16

Median

1,2,3,4,16,10,11,13

Weak

1,2,3,4,16,10,11,13,91,92,93,94,12

Fordescriptionsofeacheligibilitycode,seeTable4.

III.7Itemresponserates

Itemresponseratemustbedifferentiatedfromsurveyresponserates.Thelatterreferstoparticipationinthesurveyitself(seeSectionIII.4)whereastheformerreferstotheabsenceof

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responsestospecificsurveyquestions.6TheWBES,asanysurvey,sufferfromitemnon-response;anddifferentstrategiesareusedbythedatacollectionteamtoaddressthis.Inparticular:

•Forsensitivequestions,suchasoncorruptionortaxevasion,enumeratorswereinstructedtocollecttherefusaltorespond(-8)asaseparateresponsecategoryfromdon’tknow(-9).

•Establishmentswithincompleteinformationwerere-contactedtofillgaps.

Table11providesitemresponseratesforseveralkeyvariables,brokendownacrossthestratificationlevels.

III.8DatabaseStructure

TheWBESdatafilesareorganizedinwaysthatreflectthecorrespondingquestionnaire.Thevariablesthatarestandardacrosscountrieshavethefirstletterintheirnamecorrespondtothequestionnairesectionwherethevariablebelongsinthequestionnaire,i.e.,a1denotessectionA.FortheMontenegro2023WBES,questionsintroducedspecificallyfortheBusinessReadyReportuseprefixesBEEfollowedbythefirstlettercorrespondingtothesection.Allvariablesarenumericwiththeexceptionofthosevariableswithan“x”attheendoftheirnames.Thesuffix“x”denotesthatthevariableisalpha-numeric.

TheWBESdatafilescontaintwoestablishmentidentifiers,idstdandid.Theformerisaglobaluniqueidentifierofeachestablishment,whilethelatterisuniqueidentifierwithineachsurvey.ThevariableidstdcanbeusedtomatchtheWBESestablishmentone-to-oneacrossdatabases.Thevariableswweak,wmedian,andwstrongcorrespondingtosamplingweightsbasedon,respectively,weak,median,andstrongassumptionsabouteligibility(seeSectionIII.6).Thevariablestratacorrespondstothestratumofeachobservation.

Additionally,theWBESdatafilescontainmanystandardvariables.Thevariabled1a2_v4denotesthemainactivityoftheestablishment,asobtainedduringtheWBESinterview,codedinthefour-digitISICRev.4.UsersshouldnotethatthisactivitymaydifferfromtheindustryclassificationgivenintheSamplingFrame,a4a.Usersaregenerallyadvisedtouseindustrycategoriesbasedontherealizedinformationind1a2_v4.Additionalsamplinginformationiscontainedinvariablesa2(region)anda6a(size).Thevariablepanelidentifiespanelestablishments,i.e.,thosethatparticipatedintheMontenegro2019WBES.Thecombinationofa4a,a2,a6a,andpanelformsstratumofeachestablishment,whichiscontainedinvariablestrata.

Thelastcompletefiscalyearforeachestablishmentiscontainedinvariablesa20m(lastmonthoflastcompletefiscalyear)anda20y(lastcompletefiscalyear).

NotethatwhenanentryintheWBESdatabaseisempty,thismeansthatthequestionwasnotaskedtothecorrespondingrespondent.Thishappenswhenthequestionisdeemed

6TheWBESquestionnaireisorganizedsothatthereisalwayssomeentryinthedatabasewhenthequestionwas

posed.Anemptyentrymeansthatthequestionwasnotaskedtothecorrespondingrespondent,typically,duetoskippatterns,orlackofapplicabilityofthatquestioningeneral.

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inapplicable,duetoskippatternsorotherreasons.Incaseswhenthequestionwasposed,someentryisprovided,includingdon'tknow,whichisanexampleofitemnon-response.

IV.UsefulLinks

TheusersoftheWBESdatamayfindthefollowinglinksuseful:

•SamplingNoteisavailableat:

/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodolog

y/Sampling_Note-Consolidated-2-16-22.pdf

•TheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuideisavailableat:

/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodolog

y/Enterprise-Surveys-Manual-and-Guide.pdf

•TheWBESglobalquestionnairesareavailableat:

/en/methodology

•TheprojectsthatarecurrentlybeingimplementedbytheEnterpriseSurveysteamareavailableat:

/en/methodology/current-projects

•ThelistofallWBESdatabasesanddetailedinformationabouteachisavailablehere:

/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodolog

y/DataDetails.xls

•ThedescriptionoftheWBESindicatorsisavailableat:

/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodolog

y/Indicator-Description.pdf

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FactSheet

SourceofUniverseTable

MontenegroTaxAdministration

SourceofSamplingFrame

MontenegroTaxAdministrationand2019WorldBankEnterpriseSurvey

Stratificationsectors

1.Manufacturing(SectionC)

2.Services(SectionsF,G,H,I,M,andcodes58,61,62,79,95)

Stratificationsizes

1.Small(5to19employees)

2.Medium(20to99employees)

3.Large(100+)

Stratificationregions

1.NorthRegion

2.CentralRegion

3.CoastalRegion

Contractor

KapaResearch

Fieldworkdates

April2023-August2023

Interviewlanguages

Montenegrin

Surveysoftware

SurveySolutions

Currencyfornominalvariables

Euro(EUR)

Referencefiscalyear

2022(150obs.)and2023(1obs.)

SampleSize

Total:151Fresh:64Panel:87

Modeofdatacollection

Video-Conference(101);Face-to-Face(50)

Surveyresponserates

Yield:50.5%Responserate:67.7%

Itemresponserates

d2:100%n2a:100%l1:100%allTFPvars.:56.5%

Additionaltopicscoveredinthequestionnaire

QuestionsrelatingtotheBusinessReadyReport

Additionalsurveysavailable(ifany)

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Tables

Table1:Montenegro2023WBESUniverse

Manufacturing

Services

GrandTotal

NorthernRegionNorthernRegionNorthernRegion

Small(5-19)

Medium(20-99)Large(100-199)

97

30

5

335

34

2

503

CentralRegionCentralRegionCentralRegion

Small(5-19)

Medium(20-99)Large(100-199)

174

52

10

1,354

318

80

1988

CoastalRegionCoastalRegionCoastalRegion

Small(5-19)

Medium(20-99)Large(100-199)

91

17

2

1,075

171

24

1380

478

3,393

3,871

Source:MontenegroTaxAdministration.

Table2:Montenegro2023WBESSampleFrame(FreshandPanelCombined)ManufacturingServicesGrandTotal

NorthernRegion

Small(5-19)

97

335

503

NorthernRegion

Medium(20-99)

30

34

NorthernRegion

Large(100-199)

5

2

CentralRegion

Small(5-19)

174

1,354

1988

CentralRegion

Medium(20-99)

52

318

CentralRegion

Large(100-199)

10

80

CoastalRegion

Small(5-19)

91

1,075

1380

CoastalRegion

Medium(20-99)

17

171

CoastalRegion

Large(100-199)

2

24

478

3,393

3,871

Source:MontenegroTaxAdministrationand2019WorldBankEnterpriseSurvey.

Table3:OriginalSurveyDesign(FreshandPanelCombined)

ManufacturingServicesGrandTotal

NorthernRegion

Small(5-19)

11

6

38

NorthernRegion

Medium(20-99)

12

4

NorthernRegion

Large(100-199)

3

2

CentralRegion

Small(5-19)

14

20

66

CentralRegion

Medium(20-99)

12

6

CentralRegion

Large(100-199)

5

9

CoastalRegion

Small(5-19)

9

15

46

CoastalRegion

Medium(20-99)

7

4

CoastalRegion

Large(100-199)

2

9

75

75

150

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Table4:ResponseOutcomes

Totals

Ratesrelativetototalcontacted

OverallContactsavailableinframe3,871

Issued458

Contacted299

ScreeningphaseEligibles192

64.2%

Screenerrefusals31

10.4%

Assumedeligibles223

74.6%

Ineligible+outoftarget13

4.3%

Unobtainable63

21.1%

InterviewphaseInterviewrefusals41

13.7%

(onlyifeligible)Completeinterviews151

50.5%

Table5:SurveyYieldRates

Stratification

Yield

Surveyresponserate

Panel

Fresh

43.0%

58.2%

Panel

58.0%

77.0%

Size

Small(5-19)

53.7%

64.2%

Medium(20-99)

54.7%

72.3%

Large(100+)

37.9%

71.4%

Sector

Manufacturing

56.3%

69.6%

Services

46.2%

66.1%

Overall

Montenegro2023

50.5%

67.7%

Notes:theratesarecalculatedasdefinedinSectionIII.4

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Table6:AchievedTotalSample(FreshandPanelCombined)

ManufacturingServicesGrandTotal

NorthernRegion

Small(5-19)

11

8

40

NorthernRegion

Medium(20-99)

13

4

NorthernRegion

Large(100ormore)

2

2

CentralRegion

Small(5-19)

14

21

65

CentralRegion

Medium(20-99)

9

9

CentralRegion

Large(100ormore)

5

7

CoastalRegion

Small(5-19)

9

16

46

CoastalRegion

Medium(20-99)

7

5

CoastalRegion

Large(100ormore)

1

8

71

80

151

Table7:AchievedPanelSample

Manufacturing

Services

GrandTotal

NorthernRegion

Small(5-19)

5

3

18

Nort