北京房山区2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题学业水平调研一2

房山区20232024学年度第二学期学业水平调研（一）高二英语本试卷共10页，满分100分，考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenIwaseight,Iwantedatoyandneeded$10tobuyit.But,asusual,Iwasbroke.Idecidedtoaskmy11yearoldsister,Kathleen,foraloan.Sheagreedto___1___methemoney,butadded,“Iwillchargeyou10percentpoundinteresteverymonthuntilyoupaymeback.”“poundinterest—what’sthat?”Iasked.“Well,interestisthe___2___moneyborrowershavetopaybackonaloan,”sheexplained.“poundinterestmeansthattheinterestpaymentsgetbiggerandbiggerthelongeryoutaketopaybacktheloan.”“Sure.Igetit,”Isaid.Thoughtruthfully,Iwasgetting___3___.Kathleenlentmethemoney,andI___4___thetoy.Mybirthdaycameamonthlater,andmymomgaveme$10.ThatwasjusttheamountIneededtobuyanothertoy.I___5___payingmysisterforamonth.Afteranothermonth,Iforgotabouttheloan.Severalmonthslater,onChristmasmorning,mysisterandIeachfounda$20billinourstockings.IwasjustputtingitintomypocketwhenKathleenstoppedme.“Sorry,that’smine.I’m___6___onyourdebt.”“Huh?”ThenIrememberedtheloan.“Hey!Howcanitbethatmuch?Ionlyborrowed$10.“True,”shesaid,“but___7___hasbeenpoundingforeightmonths.Nowyouoweme$21.43.”Irefusedto___8___thata$10loancouldmorethandoublesoquickly.Muchtomy___9___,mysistergotherpencilandtabletandshowedmeexactlyhowitalladdedup.Thistime,Igotthebasicideaofpoundinterest.I_____10_____thehardwaythatborrowingmoneycanbe“doubletrouble”innotime.Mysistersuccessfullytaughtmehowtouseandmanagemymoney.1.A.hand B.lend C.give D.pay2.A.limited B.exact C.extra D.same3.A.satisfied B.confused C.frightened D.encouraged4.A.sold B.made C.fixed D.bought5.A.putoff B.tookup C.endedup D.startedoff6.A.relying B.focusing C.carrying D.collecting7.A.interest B.cost C.tax D.salary8.A.announce B.promise C.prove D.believe9.A.annoyance B.regret C.relief D.delight10.A.questioned B.explained C.learned D.explored第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheLittlePrince____11____(tell)ustheimportanceoflookingbeneaththesurfaceofthingstouncovertheirrealmeanings.Ilikeitbecauseitissimple,andyetitreallymademethinkalot____12____lifeanddeath,loveandresponsibility,friendshipandloneliness.Oneofthemostmemorablecharactersinthebookisarose,____13____thelittleprincefellinlovewith.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WhenIhurriedtothestore,Isawthatthebookswerealreadybeingpackedinto____14____(box).IhadalongchatwithCasey,thestore’selderlyowner.Sighing____15____(deep),hetoldmehowitwasbeingdifficulttorunanindependentbookstore.Moreandmorecustomers____16____(attract)bychainstoresandonlinediscounts.Itriedtothinkofsomewordsofsympathy,____17____IhadtoadmitthattheRainbowBookstorecouldn’tstayinbusinessmuchlonger.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。It’satragicstorythat____18____(begin)in1810whenhumansarrivedonMacquarieIsland.Intheirshipstheyunknowinglybroughtratsandmice.Thesesmallanimalsquicklytookovertheisland____19____(eat)thebirds’eggsandattackingbabybirds.Catswerebroughttotheisland____20____(control)theratsandmice.Unfortunately,thecatssubsequentlydevelopedanappetiteforthebirds,too.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIfyou’reanEnglishlearneroranEnglishspeakerlookingtowidenyourvocabulary,agooddictionaryappisamust.MerriamWebsterMerriamWebsterisawellknownandhighlytrusteddictionary.Theappprovidesqualitydefinitions,audiopronunciationsandusageexamples.Itevenletsyousearchforwordsbyspeakingthem!Thisfeatureisperfectwhenyouhearawordyoudon’tunderstandbutaren’tsurehowit’swritten.OxfordDictionaryofEnglishTheOxfordDictionaryofEnglishappisaprehensiveandreliableresourceforEnglishlanguagereference.Theappprovidesclearandconcisedefinitions,alongwithaudiopronunciationsandexamplesentences.Youcanalsoaccesssynonyms,antonymsandwordorigins.Additionally,theappoffersofflinefunctionality,allowingyoutoaccessthedictionaryevenwithoutaninternetconnection.VocabularyTheVocabularydictionaryappisexcellentforEnglishlearnersbecauseithasveryeasytounderstanddefinitions.Thesitesaysit’s“asifyourfavoriteteacherwereexplainingittoyou.”Eachdefinitionhasexplanationsofwhatthewordmeansandalsowhenandhowyouwoulduseit.Iteventurnslearningintoagamebylettingyouearnpoints!FluentUFluentUtakesrealworldvideosandturnsthemintopersonalizedlanguagelearninglessons.ItusesanaturalapproachthathelpsyoueaseintotheEnglishlanguageandcultureovertime.You’lllearnEnglishasit’sspokeninreallife.ThebestpartisthatFluentUkeepstrackofthevocabularythatyou’relearningandgivesyouextrapracticewithdifficultwords.Itevenremindsyouwhenit’stimetoreview!21.MerriamWebsterappcanhelpEnglishlearners________.A.findrightwordstospeakperfectEnglishB.searchforawordevenwithoutaninternetconnectionC.learndifficultwordsbypracticingmoreandreviewingD.lookforawordwhentheyareunsureaboutitsspelling22.WhichdictionaryappprovesEnglishlearnerswithsimpledefinitionsandinterestinglearning?A.MerriamWebster. B.OxfordDictionaryofEnglish.C.Vocabulary. D.FluentU.23.What’sthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Toremendusefuldictionaryapps.B.TogivesuggestionsonEnglishlearning.CToofferadviceonhowtouseadictionaryapp.D.TointroducethesourcesofEnglishvocabulary.BWhenIwaslittle,mydadwouldletmesitbesidehimotheporchwhilehepainted.Hewouldtellmehowthecowbyitselfisjustacow,andthemeadowbyitselfisjustgrassandflowers,andthesunpeekingthroughthetreesisjustabeamoflight,butputthemalltogetherandyou’vegotmagic.Iunderstoodwhathewassaying,butIneverfeltwhathewassayinguntilonedaywhenIwasupinthesycamoretreetorescueakitestuckinthebranches.Itwasalongwayup,butIthoughtI’dgiveitashot.Istartedclimbing.ThenIlookeddown.AndsuddenlyIgotdizzyandweak.Iwasmilesofftheground!Butthekitewasstillbeyondmyreach.IcaughtmybreathandforcedmyselftoconcentrateonthekiteasIclimbedup.WhenIhadthekitefree,Ineededaminutetorest.That’swhenthefearofbeingupsohighbegantolift,andinitsplacecamethemostamazingfeelingthatIwasflying.Justsoaringabovetheearth,sailingamongtheclouds.ThenIgottonoticehowwonderfulthebreezesmelled.Itseemedlikesunshineandwildgrassandrain!Icouldn’tstopbreathingitin,fillingmylungsagainandagainwiththesweetestsmellI’deverknown.Inevergotovertheview.Ikeptthinkingofwhatitfeltliketobeupsohighinthattree.Iwantedtoseeit,tofeelit,again.Andagain.Itwasn’tlongbeforeIwasn’tafraidofbeingupsohighandfoundthespotthatbecamemyspot.Icouldsitthereforhours,justlookingoutattheworld.Sunsetswereamazing.Somedaysthey’dbepurpleandpink,somedaysthey’dbeablazingorange,settingfiretocloudsacrossthehorizon.Itwasonadaylikethatwhenmyfather’snotion(观念)movedfrommyheadtomyheart.Theviewfrommysycamorewasmorethanrooftopsandcloudsandwindandcolorsbined.24.Whydidtheauthorclimbupthesycamoretree?A.Topracticeclimbingskills. B.Togetatrappedkite.C.Toprovehercourage. D.Toplayinthetree.25.Theauthor’sclimbingexperiencewas________.A.wellplannedandinteresting B.adventurousbutrewardingC.petitiveandimaginative D.unusualbutpainful26.Theauthorlikedbeinguphighinthetreebecause________.AshecouldenjoymorethangoodviewsB.herfatherencouragedhertodosoC.itcouldhelphertoconcentrateD.thetreehadthesweetestsmell27.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Thewholeisgreaterthanthesumofitsparts.B.Beautifulthingsdon’taskforattention.C.Positiveactionleadstohappiness.D.Practicemakesperfect.CMakinguseofthewind,thewateror,formorethanhalfofallplantspecies,animals,plantsdisperse(散播)seedsfarandwide.Frugivores—animalssuchasgibbonsthatfeedonthefleshyfruitsofplants—eatandthenexcrete(排泄)seedsawayfromtheoriginaltree.TheAfricansavannaelephantcancarryseedsuptoarecordbreakingdistanceof65kilometres.Thisabilitytoshiftgeographicalrangeswillbecrucialtoplantswhenitestosurvivingclimatechange.However,justlikeallgibbonspecies,theAfricansavannaelephantisendangered,itspopulationdownby60percentoverthepast50years.ResearchersinDenmarkandtheUSAhavepublishedanewstudyintohowthelossofseeddispersinganimalscouldaffecttheresilience(恢复力)offorestsandothernaturalecosystems.Theyfoundthat,historically,thedeclineofseeddispersinganimalshashadthegreatestinfluenceonplantsacrossthetemperate(温带的)regionsofNorthandSouthAmerica,EuropeandsouthernAustralia.“Ourtemperateecosystemshavelostalotofthenaturalseeddispersalfunctionthattheywouldhavehad,”explainsEvanFricke,leadauthorofthestudy,referringtolargemammalsthatwereoncewidespreadintheseregions.Nevertheless,thepoorconservationstatusofmanyseeddispersingtropicalanimalsputsplantsinregionssuchasSoutheastAsiaandMadagascarmostatrisktoday.Withoutthepreservationofsuchanimals,globalseeddispersalcoulddeclinebyafurther15percent.“Thedirectimplicationofthisdeclineisthatmanyplantspecieswillbeunabletokeeppacewithachangingclimate,”saysFricke.“Thatmeansthepotentiallossnotonlyofplantbiodiversitybutoftheecosystemfunctionsthatthoseplantsprovide.”Aswildlifeislost,plantscannolongeradaptandsurviveandforestsbeelesssustainable,whichreducestheamountofcarbontheycanstore.Theyalsolosetheirabilitytosupportwildlife.Wholeecosystemsaredisrupted.Theconclusion,Frickesays,isclear:wemustconservecurrentlyendangeredspeciesandrestorethepopulationsofimportantseeddispersers.“Independentofclimatechange,rewildinghasthepotentialtobenefitourecosystems,butinachangingclimate,ithastheaddedbenefitofincreasingtheclimateresilienceofthoseecosystems,”hesays.28.TheauthormentionstheAfricansavannaelephantinParagraph1to________.A.provideasolution B.predicttheendingC.expressanopinion D.highlighttheproblem29.Asforseeddispersinganimals,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Theyarevitalandendangered.B.Theyarebeingwellconserved.C.Theyareunrelatedtowholeecosystems.D.Theyarewidespreadacrossthetemperateregions.30.WhatdoesFrickeconcludefromthestudy?A.Seeddispersinganimalsplayanimportantroleinpreventingclimatechange.B.Thelossofseeddispersinganimalshashardlyaffectedtemperateregions.C.Rewildingcanpromotetheclimateresilienceofourecosystems.D.Plantsdisperseseedsbywayofanimalsexcretingthem.DApersoncouldbeforgivenforbelieving20yearsagothattheInternetwouldsoonrevolutioniseacademicpublishing,becauseitbecamepossibleforpublisherstospreadscholarlyworkattheclickofabutton—muchcheaperthanthetraditionalsubscriptionbased(订阅)model.Recognisingtheopportunity,manyscholarsandlibrariansstartedtoadvocateanew,openaccessmodel,inwhicharticlesaremadefreelyavailableonlinetoanyone.Theresultwouldbeatrueonlinepubliclibraryofscience.However,morethantwodecadeslater,themovementhasmadelittleprogress,andthetraditionalsubscriptionbasedmodelremainsentrenched.Fortunately,thingsarechanging.AbigshoedroppedwhentheUniversityofCalifornia(UC)Libraries,onofthebiggestlibrarysystems,declinedtorenewitscontractwithElsevier,aleadingscientificpublisher.Elsevierwantedthelibrariestopaytwofees:oneforitspackageoflicensedjournalsandtheotherfortheuseofElsevier’sopenaccessmodel.UCLibrarieswantedthelicensedjournalsfeetocovertheopenaccessfee;theyalsowantedopenaccesstoallUCresearchespublishedinElsevierjournals.Whenthetwosidescouldn’tetoterms,thelibrarieswalkedaway.Actually,theopenaccessrevolutionismorelikelytobeledbyresearchfundingagencies,whocanusetheirpursepowertopromoteopenaccess.Ateamoffunders,CoalitionS,insistedthatanyresearchtheyfundshouldbepublishedinajournalthatmakesallofitsarticlesfreelyandimmediatelyavailabletothepublic,whichiscalledPlanS.Nowthatsomelibrariansandfundersareflexingtheirmuscles,whatshouldacademicsdo?TheworstresponsewouldbetoplainthatPlanSdeprives(剥夺)themofacademicfreedom.Somethoughtfulacademicsmightworrythatashifttoopenaccesswouldaffecttheirpromotion.Afterall,subscriptionjournalsaremorefamiliarandmoreprestigious(有威望的)inthecurrentsystem.However,ifenoughacademicssupportopenaccess,thesystemcouldreachatippingpointbeyondwhichsubscriptionsnolongersignalprestige.Reachingthatpointwouldtakeconsiderabletimeandefforts,butitispossible.Whenthejournalsystemstartedin1665,itwaskindofaformofopenaccess.Journalsallowedacademicstolearnopenlyfromoneanother.Itwasonlyinthe1900sthatthejournalsystembecamethoroughlymoditized(商品化).Nowisthetimetobringitbacktoitsroots.31Whatdoestheunderlinedword“entrenched”inParagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Unpopular. B.Unfixed. C.Unchanged. D.Unknown.32.WhatisthemaincauseofthefailednegotiationbetweenUCLibrariesandElsevier?A.Thenumberofpublishedresearches.B.Thechargeforopenaccessmodel.C.Thedurationofthecontract.D.Thewayofpayment.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Academicsthinkopenaccessmodelwillhelpthemgetpromoted.B.Publishersarewillingtoabandonthesubscriptionmodelgradually.C.Establishingatrueonlinepubliclibraryofsciencerequiresjointefforts.D.Openaccessmodelwillsoontaketheplaceofsubscriptionbasedmodel.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheopenaccessmodel?A.Disapproving. B.Indifferent. C.Doubtful. D.Supportive.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Emojisareeverywhere.Theyoffereffectiveandfunwaystointeractwithothers.Usedwell,theycanbeeanengagingandcreativeadditiontomunication.____35____Onewellchosenemojicanreplacemanywordsoftext____36____Orathumbsupemojimightsaveyoufromwritingoutyouragreementtosomethinginfull.____37____Andwhenyoucan’thearsomeone’stoneofvoiceorreadtheirbodylanguage,animagecanbeparticularlyhelpfulforunderstandingtheirmeaning.Emojisareclear,colorful,anddesignedtoconveyasinglemessagememorably—whichhasbeenshowntoincreaseinterestandengagement.Theystandoutamongtext,especiallywhentherecipientisworkingquicklyoronthemove.Manyemojismeanthesamethingtoeveryone,everywhere.____38____Forexample,asmilingfaceemojiwillletanyoneknowthatyou’rehappy,whateverlanguageyouspeak!Emojiscanhelpyoutoshowyourhumanside,makingyouseemfriendlierandmoreapproachable.What’smore,thebrainreactstoimagesoffaces,andtorealfaces,inaverysimilarway.Alongsideallthepotentialbenefitsofemojisthatwe’velistedabove,therearealsodangersyou’llneedtoguardagainst.____39____Forexample,aredfacedcharactercouldbeangry,orembarrassed.Likeanylanguage,youneedto“speakEmoji”withcare.Ifnot,youruntheriskofcreatingconfusion,conveyingthewrongimpression,orevencausingseriousoffense.A.Herearesomeofthereasonswhyemojisaresopopular.B.Manyemployeesinsomewesterncountriesareusingemojisatwork.C.Anemojiisofteneasierandquickertounderstandthanawrittenexplanation.D.Sotheycanbreakthroughlanguagebarriers,andpromoteeasymunication.E.Forexample,youcouldselectanemojiofahousetosetyourstatusas“workingfromhome.”F.Apoorlychosenemojicancauseproblems,becausesomeoftheimagesarenotuniversallyunderstood.G.Forexample,thecrossedfingersemojimeansgoodluckinsomeplaces,butit’sseenasanimpolitesigninothers.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Skyscrapers(摩天大楼)aretheultimatesymbolofurbanlife.By2050,almost80percentoftheearth’spopulationcouldliveincities.Thehumanpopulationcouldincreaseto9.1billionpeopleyettheamountoflandavailableforfarmingwillbethesame.Howtomeettheincreasingfoodneedsofourplanetcouldbeabigproblem.Verticalfarms,whereurbanfarmerscouldgrowcropsinenvironmentallyfriendlyskyscrapers,couldbethesolution.Inspiteofconcernsoverhighcosts,expertswanttomaketheseurbanfarmsarealityandusetheseskyscraperstogrowcrops.Theybelievethatwecanincreasefoodproductionbychangingourthinkingfromouttoup.Verticalfarmswouldhavemanyadvantages,expertssay.Thefoodwouldbegrownwithminimaleffectsontheenvironment.Unliketraditionalfarming,verticalfarmingwouldnotforceanimalsoutoftheirhabitatsbytakingoverlargeareasofland,norwoulditpollutetheairwiththeuseofheavyfarmingequipment.Thosefarmswouldalsoreducethecostandne