高中英语译林版选修一：Unit 2 Period 3　Grammar and usage-Verb-ing forms as subjects and objects

Period3Grammarandusage—Verb-ingformsassubjectsandobjects认真阅读下列句子，感悟加黑部分在句中所作的成分并完成方框下面的小题。1．IlovelearningaboutcountrymusicandIkeepaskingthemquestionsaboutitallthetime!2．Playingtheqinwashislife.3．Heplayedsowellthateveryoneenjoyedlisteningtohismusicandthoughthighlyofhistechniques.4．WhenBoyacontinuedplaying，ZhongZiqisaidhehadheardthesoundofariverflowingquickly.5．HavingsomeonethatreallyunderstoodhismusicpleasedBoya，whonevergottiredofsharinghismusicwithZhongZiqi.1．句1中的learningabout和asking在句中作宾语。2．句2中的playingtheqin在句中作主语。3．句3中的listeningto在句中作宾语。4．句4中的playing在句中作宾语。5．句5中的Havingsomeonethatreallyunderstoodhismusic在句中作主语，sharing在句中作介词of的宾语。一、动词-ing形式作主语1．动词-ing形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词多用单数形式，其被动形式为beingdone。Readingaloudisagoodwaytolearnalanguage.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.不给予足够的赞扬和给予太多(赞扬)一样有害。Beingpraisedbyhisteachersmadehimregainhisconfidence.被老师表扬使他重获自信。疑难点津(1)意义不同的两个动词-ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。Paintingandcollectingstampsarehishobbies.画画和收集邮票是他的爱好。(2)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。Singingismyhobby，andtosingatmyfriend’sbirthdaypartyismydream.唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。2．形式主语it代替v.-ing形式作主语。此类句式常见的有：It’sawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事是浪费时间的。It’suseless/worthwhiledoingsth.做某事是没用/值得的。It’snogood/use/fundoingsth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思。Itisnousewaitingforotherpeopletomakedecisionsforyou.等待别人为你做决定是没有用的。Itisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchastubbornpersontojoinus.劝说如此固执的一个人加入我们是浪费时间。Justasthesayinggoes，itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.俗话说：覆水难收。3．动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语时的两种形式：(1)形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing形式；(2)名词(有生命的名词)’s＋动词-ing形式。Theirfailingintheexaminationmadethemallverydisappointed.考试失败使他们都很失望。Mary’scominghereintimemadeeveryonepresenthappy.玛丽的及时到来让在场的每一个人都很高兴。二、动词-ing形式作宾语1．常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)appreciate(欣赏)，consider(考虑)，delay(推迟)，avoid(避免)，finish(完成)，imagine(想象)，miss(错过)，mean(意味着)，resist(抗拒)，risk(冒险)，suggest(建议)，mind(介意)，escape(避开)，admit(承认)，allow(允许)，giveup(放弃)，insiston(坚决要求)，feellike(想要)，beusedto(习惯于)，leadto(导致)，lookforwardto(期待，盼望)等。Hegotwell-preparedfortheinterview，forhecouldn’trisklosingthegoodopportunity.他为这次面试做好了准备，因为他不能冒险失去这一良机。Doyoumindpassingmethatdictionary?你把那本词典递给我好吗？Ihavebeenlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.我一直盼望着收到你的来信。Shecan’tstandbeinglookeddownuponinpublic.(被动形式beingdone也可作宾语)她忍受不了当众被人看不起。2．作介词的宾语动词-ing形式位于介词之后，构成介词短语，在句中作定语或状语。Thesemeasureshavecreatedconditionsforraisingtheoutputofsteel.这些措施为提高钢的产量创造了条件。Oneneverlosesbydoingagoodturn.[谚]行善者绝无一失。Afterlookingathiswatch，hehurriedtothestation.看了看表后，他匆忙赶往车站。Hewouldneverthinkofgivingupthisproject.他决不会考虑放弃这个项目。3．在以下结构中，动词-ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略spend...(in)doingsth花费……做某事havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth做……有困难/麻烦stop/prevent...(from)doingsth阻止……做某事wastetime(in)doingsth浪费时间做某事bebusy(in)doingsth忙于做某事haveagood/hardtime(in)doingsth高兴做某事/费力做某事Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth做某事毫无意义。Heisalwaysbusyworkingeveryday，whichhasmadehimhavelittletimetoplaywithhischild.他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。Nowthatwehavefinishedourwork，thereisnopointstayinganylonger.既然我们已经完成了工作，再待下去就没有意义了。4．有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：动词宾语的形式意义forgettodo忘记做……doing忘记做过……remembertodo记着要去做……doing记得做过……regrettodo遗憾/抱歉要做……doing后悔做了……trytodo尽力做……doing尝试做……meantodo打算做……doing意味着……goontodo接着做(另外一件事)doing接着做(同一件事)stoptodo停下来去做……doing停止做……Pleaseremembertogivemybestregardstoyourfamily.请记着代我向你的家人问好。Istillremembervisitingthemuseumforthefirsttime.我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。5．下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedoneThebikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这辆自行车需要修理。6．动词-ing形式的复合结构作宾语作宾语的动词-ing形式的复合结构的肯定形式为：eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(名词/名词的所有格,代词宾格/形容词性物主代词))＋动词-ing形式Wouldyoumindmy/meclosingthewindow?你介意我关上窗户吗？WouldyoumindMary’s/Maryclosingthewindow?你介意玛丽关上窗户吗？疑难指津动词-ing形式的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词/名词的所有格＋notdoing...。阅读下面短文，用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。Inmoderntimes,1.learning(learn)Englishisamustforeveryone.WecanlearnEnglishinmanyways，oneofwhichisthatwecanlearnitby2.enjoying(enjoy)someEnglishfilmsandsongs.Anotherwayisthatwecanpractise3.saying(say)Englishinourdailylives.Wecanspendoneortwohours4.communicating(communicate)withotherseveryday.Thatistosay，aforeignlanguageneeds5.practising/tobepractised(practise)frequentlytobemastered.Ⅰ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空1．Thesymphonycomposedbythefamouscomposerdeserveshearing/tobeheard(hear)．2．Assoonastheyarrivedatthefarm，theygotdowntopicking(pick)peaches.3．WildcampingisillegalinEngland.Toavoidbeingcaught(catch)，theWinnshadtogettheirtentuplateandpackeditawayearlyinthemorning.4．Haveyouforgottenborrowing(borrow)1,000yuanfrommelastmonth?Willyoupleaseremembertobring(bring)ittomorrow?5．Hedidn’tmindher(she)crying，whichmadetheirrelationshipfallapart.6．Beingbrought(bring)upinapoorfamilymadeTomveryhard-workingwhenhewasveryyoung.7．TravellingalongtheoldSilkRoadis(be)aninterestingandrewarding(有益的)experience.8．Hecouldn’thelpweeping(weep)whenenjoyingtheblues.9．Keepinmindthatitisnogoodreciting(recite)withoutunderstanding.10．Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultywehadwalking(walk)homeinthesnowstorm.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Itisawasteoftimequarrelingwithsomeonelikeyou.和你这种人吵架就是浪费时间。2．Myson’slivinguptomyexpectationreallymademeproud.我儿子能达到我的期望真的让我很自豪。3．Toeveryoneofus，beingadmittedtoPekingUniversityisagreathonor.对我们每个人来说，被北京大学录取是一个很大的荣誉。4．Thechildren’slovingnaturecaninspiretheirlovefortheirfamilymembers.孩子对大自然的热爱能激起他们对家庭成员的爱。5．Notknowinghowtoswimcanputyouindangerwhenyousuddenlyfindyourselfinwater.当你突然发现自己在水里时，不知道如何游泳会使你处于危险之中。Ⅲ.阅读理解(2023·浙江温州十校联合体高二上期中)Doyoulistentomusicatthegym?Today，mostgym-goersliketowearhead-phonesandlistentoself-selectedmusicwhilethey’redoingexercise.Whydosongsfrompersonalizedplaylistsseemtoincreasemotivationandmakeintenseexercisemoreenjoyablewhensomeoneiswalkingorjogging?Basedonpracticalexperience，arecentstudyprovidesnewevidencethatlisteningtomusicwhilerunningonatreadmill(跑步机)fightswithmentaltirednessandimprovesperformance.Accordingtoanewsrelease，thisstudyis“thefirsttoinvestigatetheeffectoflisteningtomusicplaylistsonlong-distancerunningcapacityandperformancewhenmentallytired”．ThesefindingswerepublishedonlineaheadofprintonJune22.Forthisstudy，researchersfromtheUniversityofEdinburghhadagroupofexperiencedrunnersdoahigh-intensity5-kilometretreadmillrunwithandwithoutself-selectedmotivationalmusicafterthey’dperformedaseriesofcognitive(认知的)examsdesignedtoputtheminamentallytiredstate.Theresearchersfoundthat“listeningtoself-selectedmusicinamentallytiredstatereducesthenegativeimpactofmentaltirednessontheirrunningcapacityandperformance，potentiallyduetochangedperceptionofeffortwhenlisteningtomusic”．“Mentaltirednessisacommonoccurrenceformanyofusandcannegativelyimpactmanyofourday-to-dayactivities，includingexercise.Findingsafeandeffectivewaystoreducethisnegativeimpactis，therefore，useful，”ShaunPhillipsofEdinburgh’sMorayHouseSchoolsaidinthenewsrelease.“Thefindingsindicatethatlisteningtopersonalizedmotivationalmusicmaybeausefulstrategytohelpactivepeopleimprovetheirendurancerunningcapacityandperformancewhenmentallytired，”headded.“Thispositiveimpactofself-selectedmusiccouldhelppeopletobetterkeepthequalityandbeneficialimpactoftheirexercisesessions.”语篇解读这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了在跑步时听具有个性化的音乐可以帮助人们对抗精神疲劳，提高表现。1．What’sthefunctionofthequestionsinparagraph1?A．Tomakeacomparison.B．Toleadinthetopic.C．Tomakeaprediction.D．Toaskforinformation.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段的“Basedonpracticalexperience，arecentstudyprovidesnewevidencethatlisteningtomusicwhilerunningonatreadmill(跑步机)fightswithmentaltirednessandimprovesperformance.”可推知，第一段提出的问题是为了引入本文所要讨论的话题——跑步时听音乐可以对抗精神疲劳，提高表现。故选B。2．Whatwastakenintoconsiderationintheexperimentdesign?A．Runners’cognitivelevels.B．Runners’mentalstates.C．Runners’runningability.D．Runners’musicpreference.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Forthisstudy，researchers...inamentallytiredstate.”可知，实验是在跑步者精神状态疲惫的情况下进行的。由此可知，设计实验时考虑了跑步者的精神状态。故选B。3．WhydoestheauthorquoteShaunPhillips’wordsinthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Todescribetheexperimentalprocess.B．Toexplorewaystoenhancesportsperformance.C．Tofurtherclarifytheresultofthefinding.D．Toexplaintheharmfuleffectsofmentaltiredness.答案C解析推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Theresearchersfoundthat‘listeningtoself-selectedmusic...whenlisteningtomusic’．”可推知，最后两段引用ShaunPhillips说的话是为了进一步阐明研究结果。故选C。4．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Personalizedmusicmakesrunnerslesstired.B．Motivationalmusiccheersrunnersup.C．Self-selectedmusicmaintainslifequality.D．Self-selectedmusictreatsmentalillnesses.答案A解析主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是最后一段可知，本文主要介绍了在跑步时听具有个性化的音乐可以帮助人们对抗精神疲劳，提高表现，即个性化音乐让跑步者不那么疲惫。故选A。Ⅳ.完形填空Itwasinspring,1968.Iwasstandingbesidearoadhopingsomeonecouldgivemea1.Iwasheadingbacktocampusthatwasmilesawayandwasconsidering2.Manydriverssloweddownandthen3afterhavingalookatme.Ididn’t4them.Whywouldtheypickupabearded，long-hairedstranger？Mylifewasvery5.Ifeltatalossincollege.Iconsideredpackingupmybelongingswhenreturningtomy6.Twohourspassed.Finallyacar7.Itoldthedrivermydestination.“ThecollegeinOneonta？That’s8.Getin，”hesaid.“I’mAaron.Thisismywife，Sylvia.”“I’mDave，ajunior，”Isaid.AaronaskedwhatIwas9incollege.“History，”Isaid.“Secondaryeducation.”“Soyou’llbeateacher，”hesaid.Inodded.“10！”hesaidexcitedly.Iwassurprisedbyhisreaction.SylviaexplainedAaron’sdreamwastobeateacher.11，hecouldn’taffordcollegeschooling.Sohereally12me.Aaronaskedaboutmycollegelife.Ipaintedapositivepictureofmy13.Forthefirsttime，Isawmyfutureinfrontofme—tobeagoodteacher.Igotaclear14.Thankstothecouple，Igaveuptheideaofdiscontinuingmystudiesandfinally15asuccessfulteachingcareer.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的大学生活很糟糕，想辍学，结果让他搭便车的一对夫妇很羡慕他将来能当老师，他感觉自己的前途有了目标，放弃了辍学的念头，最终开始了一段成功的教学生涯。1．A.direction B．chanceC．lift D．job答案C解析direction方向；chance机会；lift电梯，搭便车；job工作。根据第二段中“Manydriverssloweddownandthenafterhavingalookatme.”以及第三段中“Whywouldtheypickupabearded，long-hairedstranger？”可知，作者想搭便车。故选C项。2．A.walkingforward B．droppingoutC．movingback D．checkingin答案B解析walkforward向前走；dropout退学；moveback后退；checkin报到。根据文章最后一句中“Thankstothecouple，Igaveuptheideaofdiscontinuingmystudies”可知，作者想退学。故选B项。3．A.left B．stoppedC．laughed D．escaped答案A解析leave离开；stop停止；laugh大笑；escape逃脱。根据后文“Whywouldtheypickupabearded，long-hairedstranger？”可知，很多司机看了作者一眼就离开了。故选A项。4．A.trust B．forgetC．know D．blame答案D解析trust信任；forget忘记；know知道；blame责怪。根据前文“Whywouldtheypickupabearded，long-hairedstranger？”可知，作者理解这些司机，所以不去责怪他们。故选D项。5．A.messy B．simpleC．ordinary D．healthy答案A解析messy凌乱的，混乱的；simple简单的；ordinary普通的；healthy健康的。根据后文“Ifeltatalossincollege.”可知，作者在大学里不知所措，所以生活应该是很混乱的。故选A项。6．A.home B．campC．dorm D．office答案C解析home家；camp营地；dorm宿舍；office办公室。由上文语境可知，作者想要退学，所以考虑回学校宿舍收拾行李。故选C项。7．A.pulledover B．wentbackC．passedby D．brokedown答案A解析pullover靠边停车；goback回去；passby路过；breakdown发生故障。根据后文“Itoldthedrivermydestination.”可知，这辆汽车靠边停车了。故选A项。8．A.unheard B．multipleC．uncompleted D．distant答案D解析unheard前所未闻的；multiple数量多的；uncompleted未完成的；distant遥远的，远处的。根据前文“Itoldthedrivermydestination.”和司机说的“ThecollegeinOneonta？...Getin”可知，此处指的是距离“远的”。故选D项。9．A.teaching B．majoringinC．challenging D．worryingabout答案B解析teach教学；majorin主修；challenge挑战；worryabout担心。根据后文作者的回答“History”可知，他问作者在大学主修什么专业。故选B项。10．A.Surprising B．FantasticC．Boring D．Terrible答案B解析surprising令人吃惊的；fantastic棒极了；boring无聊的；terrible糟糕的。根据后文“hesaidexcitedly”以及“SylviaexplainedAaron’sdreamwastobeateacher.”可知，司机在赞美作者未来的教师职业。故选B项。11．A.Instead B．OtherwiseC．However D．Therefore答案C解析instead代替，反而；otherwise否则；however然而；therefore因此。前文“SylviaexplainedAaron’sdreamwastobeateacher.”和后文“hecouldn’taffordcollegeschooling”是转折关系，所以用However。故选C项。12．A.hated B．supportedC．pitied D．admired答案D解析hate憎恨；support支持；pity可怜；admire羡慕，钦佩。由上文语境可知，因为作者以后能当老师，Aaron很羡慕作者。故选D项。13．A.sufferings B．careerC．experiences D．future答案C解析suffering痛苦；career职业；experience经历；future未来。根据前文“Aaronaskedaboutmycollegelife.”可知，Aaron问作者关于他的大学生活，所以此处指作者描绘自己的生活经历。故选C项。14．A.goal B．achievementC．reality D．suggestion答案A解析goal目标；achievement成就；reality现实；suggestion建议。根据前文“Forthefirsttime，Isawmyfutureinfrontofme—tobeagoodteacher.”可知，作者未来要做个好老师，所以有了明确的目标。故选A项。15．A.missed B．startedC．offered D．ruined答案B解析miss思念，错过；start开始；offer提供；ruin毁灭。根据前文“IgaveuptheideaofdⅤ.语法填空Earthquake-proof(抗震的)BuildingsThereareanumberofways1.buildingscanbemadestrongenoughtostanduptoearthquakes.Thesimplestwayistomakethemmuch2.(strong)．A