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IntroductionreadingⅠ.单词拼写1.Surgeonshavemadeagreat________(突破)inthekidneytransplantation.2.Heneedsahighincometo________(供养)suchalargefamily.3.Withthedevelopmentofmodern________(农业)andindustry,moreandmorewasteisproduced.4.Heisanimportantpolitical________(人物)inIndianhistory.5.________(教育)isgiventochildrenbythegovernment.6.The________(最初的)ownerofthehousewasDukeWellington.7.Weareveryproudofthehigh________(质量)ofourproduct.8.Thescientificstudyofthechemistryoflivingthingsiscalled________(生物化学).9.Itisgenerallybelievedthatadvertisingcanincrease______(产量)andsales.10.We've________(改变;转换)fromcoaltogascentralheating.答案:1.breakthrough2.support3.agriculture4.figure5.Education6.original7.quality8.biochemistry9.production10.convertedⅡ.完成句子1.Hehopestoearnhisliving__________________.他希望靠卖饮料来谋生。2.Hewaslateforthemeeting________________atrafficjam.由于交通堵塞,他开会迟到了。3.Scientistsareworkinghard______________acureforthedisease.科学家们正努力工作寻找这种疾病的治愈方法。4.Weallhaveourfavourite________________certainthings.我们做某些事都有自己爱用的方法。5.Dietandexerciseare__________________goodhealth.身体健康的关键是饮食和运动。6.They've________________expertstoadviseontheproject.他们已请来专家对该项目提意见。7.__________________armswerediscoveredhiddeninthetrucks.卡车上发现藏有大量武器。8.I____________________whyhequithisjob.我捉摸不透他为什么要辞掉工作。答案:1.bysellingdrinks2.asaresultof3.insearchof4.waysofdoing/todo5.thekeyto6.broughtin7.Quantitiesof8.couldn'tfigureoutⅢ.语法填空1.Atthesightofhermother,thesurpriseinherfacewas________byjoy.答案:replaced句意:一看到母亲,她脸上的表情由快乐替代了惊奇。replace替代,符合句意。2.(·金华高一检测改编)Theproblemofglobalwarmingisserious________thesealevelrises.答案:Asaresult句意:全球变暖的问题十分严重。结果是海平面上升了。asaresult结果,符合句意。3.They________thestudy________anurseryroomwhenthebabywasborn.答案:converted;into句意:婴儿出生时,他们把书房改成了育婴室。convert与into或to皆可搭配。4.WhenIcameintothestore,Ifoundthatlargequantitiesoffood________(spread)outonthetable.答案:werespread句意:当我进入商店时,发现大量的食物摆放在桌子上。largequantitiesof无论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词,其谓语动词都用复数5.Thekey________(keep)thiscountryacomfortableandcleanplacetoliveinistocontrolindustrialpollution.答案:tokeeping句意:使该国保持既舒服又干净的居住环境的关键是控制工业污染。thekeytodoingsth.意为“做某事的关键是……”,其中to为介词。6.Theoldscientisthasmade________breakthroughingrowingrice,whichwill________(feed)morepeopleintheworld.答案:a;feed句意:这位老科学家在种植水稻方面有了突破,这将解决世界上更多人的吃饭问题。breakthrough通常用作可数名词。makeabreakthrough突破,攻破;feed养活;为及物动词。7.IfimmigrantsaregiventherighttostayinBritain,somesayitwouldbring________upto£1billioninextrataxrevenue.答案:in句意:有些人说,如果允许移民待在英国,会给英国带来高达10亿英镑的额外税收。bringin赚得(钱),符合题意。8.Thedatafromthesatellitewasenoughforthecomputermodeltofigure________thatthetsumamiwassmallerandlessdestructive.答案:out句意:电脑根据卫星传来的数据足以弄清楚这次海啸威力会小些,也不会有那么大的毁灭性。figureout计算,推断。9.(·扬州高一检测改编)Themajorityofpeopleinthetownstrongly________theplantobuildaplaygroundforchildren.答案:support句意:城镇中多数人非常支持给孩子们修建操场这个计划。support支持,拥护,维持。10.—Thefilmis,Ihavetosay,notabitinteresting.—Why?It's________interestingthanthefilmsIhaveeverseen.答案:farmore考查形容词的比较级。句意:——我不得不说这部电影真的没有意思。——为什么?它比我以前看过的所有电影都有意思。根据第二句中Why?可以看出第二个人与第一个人的态度相反,也就是说他对这部电影持肯定态度,故答案为farmore。Ⅳ.阅读理解AEarlyintheautumnof1674,HenryOldenburg,secretaryoftheRoyalSocietyinLondon,receivedanextraordinaryletter.SentbyAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,adraper(布料商)fromDelftintheNetherlands,itcontainedanunlikelysoundingclaim.Usingamicroscopeofhisowninvention,vanLeeuwenhoekhadseentinycreatures,invisibletothenakedeye,livinginlakewater.Someofthese“animalcules(微生物)”weresosmall,andhelaterestimatedthat30millionofthemwouldstillbesmallerthanagrainofsand.RoyalSocietyfellowscouldn'tbelieveit.Evenwithhismostpowerfulinstruments,thecelebratedEnglishmicroscopistRobertHookehadneverobservedanythinglikethelittlecreatures.Infact,theDutchmanhaddevelopedfarsuperiorlensestoHooke's,andhaddiscoveredbacteriaandprotozoans(原生动物).Byproducingevensmallerandmorecurvedlenses—usingatechniquethathekeptsecret—vanLeeuwenhoekwasabletomagnifyobjectsupto500times.Aswellasdiscoveringmicro-organisms,hewasthefirsttoseeredbloodcells.In1677,vanLeeuwenhoeksenttheSocietyfurtheranimalculeobservations.Hookeeventuallyimprovedhisownmicroscopestothepointwherehe,too,couldseethetinycreatures.ThreeyearslatervanLeeuwenhoekwasmadeafellow.Itwasnotuntil1890,morethan160yearsaftervanLeeuwenhoek'sdeath,thatbacteriawerelinkedwithdiseases.“ReadingvanLeeuwenhoek'sletters,youverymuchgettheimpressionofsomebodydazzled(眩晕的)bywhathewasfinding,”saysLesleyRobertson,leaderofthearchivesatDelftUniversity'sschoolofmicrobiology.“Hethoughthe'dfoundawholenewworld—buthecertainlyneverpickedupontheconnectionwithillness.”语篇解读:本文是记叙文。全文讲述了布料商出身的AntonivanLeeuwenhoek发明了自己的显微镜。他的发明使得发现更小、更清晰的事物成为可能,这为把细菌与疾病联系起来奠定了基础。1.WhatdidAntonivanLeeuwenhoekseewithhisownmicroscope?A.Aletter.B.Bacteriaandprotozoans.C.Smallanimalsinthewater.D.Theelementofwater.答案:B细节理解题。联系下文“infact,theDutchmanhaddevelopedfarsuperiorlensestoHooke's,andhaddiscoveredbacteriaandprotozoans.”可知,荷兰人已经通过改良的镜片发现了细菌和原生动物,AntonivanLeeuwenhoek通过自己的显微镜看到的tinycreatures就是细菌和原生动物。2.Fromthepassagewecansee________.A.vanLeeuwenhoekknewthetinycreaturesinthewaterhadsomethingtodowithillnessB.vanLeeuwenhoekwasthefirsttodiscoverbacteriaC.vanLeeuwenhoekwasthefirsttousethemicroscopeD.vanLeeuwenhoekwasthefirsttoknowhowtoobservebacteriaandprotozoans答案:C推理判断题。通读全文可知,尽管荷兰人也看到细菌和原生动物,但是他们使用的是改进后的镜片,而不是显微镜,因此C正确。A有一定的干扰性,联系文章最后一句可知,他并没有把观察到的细菌和原生物与疾病联系到一起。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“magnify”inthefourthparagraphmean?A.Toclearaway.B.Toimprove.C.Tocollect.D.Tomakelarge.答案:D词义猜测题。联系全文他改进自己的显微镜以及后文的“upto500times”可知,他的显微镜能把物体放大500倍,因此得出答案。4.Fromthelastparagraphwecansee,whenAntonivanLeeuwenhoeksawthetinycreatures,invisibletothenakedeye,livinginlakewater,________.A.hewasoverexcitedB.heknewhefollowedsomeoneelse'sdiscoveryC.hewasabitdisappointedD.hisdiscoverywastoleadaconnectionbetweenbacteriaandillness答案:A推理判断题。联系最后一段的“ReadingvanLeeuwenhoek'sletters,youverymuchgettheimpressionofsomebodydazzledbywhathewasfinding,”可知,当时他对自己的发明是极度兴奋的。BDoyousupposeDarwin,oneofthegreatestscientistsofalltimes,reallydidfools'experiments?Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?Sometimes,peoplethinktheyalreadyknowtheanswertoaquestionorthesolutiontoaproblem.Sometimes,theyreallydoknowananswerorasolution,butwithoutthinkingtheyareimportant.CharlesDarwindidn'tsettlefor(满足于)justthinkingheknewsomething.And,hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.Supposeyoudropsheetsofpaperthatareofexactlythesamesizeandshape.Ifyoudropthematthesametimeinthesameplace,theywillfallinthesameway.Nowmakeoneofthesheetsofpaperintoatightlittleballandletitdropalongwiththeothersheets,Whathappens?Youhavedoneanexperimentthatissosimplethatyoumightthinkitcouldn'tbeworthanything.Butthissimpleexperimentisimportant.Itexplainspartofourpresentdayunderstandingsofphysics,ideasthatwereworkedoutlongagobyGalileoandNewton.Andtheseunderstandingsset_asidesomeofancientGreekphysics.Scientistssometimestoptolookatverysimplethingsandtothinkveryhardaboutthem.Eventhesimplestidea,whichwemightthinkisfoolish,canshakethefoundationsofscience.语篇解读:有些问题的答案人们已经知晓,但人们没有想过这个问题是多么重要,伟大的科学家CharlesDarwin总要通过做实验来弄懂事情的来龙去脉。5.ThepassagetellsusthatCharlesDarwin________.A.wasagreatEnglishscientistB.alwayslikeddoingtheexperimentsthatothersthoughtdifficultC.thoughteventhesimplestthingwasimportantD.didn'tgetwellwithothers答案:C推理判断题。短文并没有说CharlesDarwin是哪个国家的科学家,可排除A;由第二段可知别人认为Darwin的许多实验不值得做,可把B排除;文中没有论述Darwin与别人相处的事情,可排除D。由第三段第二句中“hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtohe”可推出答案C。6.Theunderlinedphrase“setaside”mostprobablymeans“________”.A.throwaway B.storeupC.puttouse D.realize答案:A词义猜测题。由上文可知作者认为做这个简单实验是重要的,它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的理解。因此这些理解当然是推翻了一些希腊古典物理学的观点。由此可推知setaside与throwaway同义。7.Theauthorofthepassagetriesto________.A.convinceusthatCharlesDarwin.GalileoandNewtonarethegreatestscientistsintheworldB.drawtheconclusionthatbasicsciencesaresimplethingsC.provethattwosheetsofpaper,withthesamesizeandshape,willfallatthesamespeedD.drawourattentiontoeverydayhappeningsaroundus答案:D主旨大意题。短文的最后一段点明最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基,意在告诉读者要留意身边的每一件事,哪怕它非常简单。8.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Darwinreallydidfools'experiments.B.Accordingtosomepeople,Darwindidfoolishexperiments.C.Itisbelievedbyallthepeoplethatthingscouldbeimportantthoughtheyseemedtobesimple,D.GalileoandNewtonworkedoutancientGreekphysics.答案:B细节理解题。短文第一段第二句“Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?”明确告诉我们,有些人认为Darwin做了愚蠢的实验。Ⅴ.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【全国新课标卷题型】Gandhi,anIndiannationalhero,washonored__1__thefatheroftheIndiannation.HehasbeenrespectedandbelovedbytheIndians.HewasborninIndiain1869.Followingthelocalcustom,hegot__2__(marry)attheageof13.In1888hesailedtoEngland,__3__hestudiedlawforthreeyearsandbecamealawyer.OnhisreturntoIndia,hewassenttoSouthAfricatoworkonalawcase.InSouthAfricahe__4__(surprise)tofindthattheproblemofracialdiscrimination(种族歧视)wasserious.Thereheformedanorganizationandstartedamagazinetofight__5__equalrights.GandhireturnedtoIndiain1915,__6__IndiawascontrolledbytheBritish.HeledtheIndianstofightforanendtotheBritishruleand__7__(depend)forhiscountry.InthepoliticalmovementmanyIndiansincludingGandhiwereputinprison.__8__,thestrugglesneverstopped.TheBritishgovernmenthadtogive__9__andIndiawonitsindependencein1947.__10__(fortunate)GandhiwasshotbyanIndianwhoopposedhisviewsanddiedonJanuary30th,1948.1.______2.______3.______4.______5.______6.______7.______8.______9.______10.______答案:1.asas在此处为介词,意为“作为”。2.marriedgetmarried结婚。3.wherewhere引导定语从句,修饰England。4.wassurprised此处缺少的是谓语动词,所以用besurprised表示人的感受。5.forfightfor为……而战。6.whenwhen在此处引导定语从句,修饰前面出现的时间。7.independence此处应该用名词形式,与前面的anend共同做fightfor的宾语。8.However
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