高中英语 Module 4 第1课时 Introduction Reading同步练习 外研版必修4

IntroductionreadingⅠ.单词拼写1．Surgeonshavemadeagreat________(突破)inthekidneytransplantation.2．Heneedsahighincometo________(供养)suchalargefamily.3．Withthedevelopmentofmodern________(农业)andindustry,moreandmorewasteisproduced.4．Heisanimportantpolitical________(人物)inIndianhistory.5．________(教育)isgiventochildrenbythegovernment.6．The________(最初的)ownerofthehousewasDukeWellington.7．Weareveryproudofthehigh________(质量)ofourproduct.8．Thescientificstudyofthechemistryoflivingthingsiscalled________(生物化学)．9．Itisgenerallybelievedthatadvertisingcanincrease______(产量)andsales.10．We've________(改变；转换)fromcoaltogascentralheating.答案：1.breakthrough2.support3.agriculture4.figure5．Education6.original7.quality8.biochemistry9．production10.convertedⅡ.完成句子1．Hehopestoearnhisliving__________________.他希望靠卖饮料来谋生。2．Hewaslateforthemeeting________________atrafficjam.由于交通堵塞，他开会迟到了。3．Scientistsareworkinghard______________acureforthedisease.科学家们正努力工作寻找这种疾病的治愈方法。4．Weallhaveourfavourite________________certainthings.我们做某些事都有自己爱用的方法。5．Dietandexerciseare__________________goodhealth.身体健康的关键是饮食和运动。6．They've________________expertstoadviseontheproject.他们已请来专家对该项目提意见。7．__________________armswerediscoveredhiddeninthetrucks.卡车上发现藏有大量武器。8．I____________________whyhequithisjob.我捉摸不透他为什么要辞掉工作。答案：1.bysellingdrinks2.asaresultof3.insearchof4.waysofdoing/todo5.thekeyto6.broughtin7．Quantitiesof8.couldn'tfigureoutⅢ.语法填空1．Atthesightofhermother,thesurpriseinherfacewas________byjoy.答案：replaced句意：一看到母亲，她脸上的表情由快乐替代了惊奇。replace替代，符合句意。2．(·金华高一检测改编)Theproblemofglobalwarmingisserious________thesealevelrises.答案：Asaresult句意：全球变暖的问题十分严重。结果是海平面上升了。asaresult结果，符合句意。3．They________thestudy________anurseryroomwhenthebabywasborn.答案：converted;into句意：婴儿出生时，他们把书房改成了育婴室。convert与into或to皆可搭配。4．WhenIcameintothestore,Ifoundthatlargequantitiesoffood________(spread)outonthetable.答案：werespread句意：当我进入商店时，发现大量的食物摆放在桌子上。largequantitiesof无论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词，其谓语动词都用复数5．Thekey________(keep)thiscountryacomfortableandcleanplacetoliveinistocontrolindustrialpollution.答案：tokeeping句意：使该国保持既舒服又干净的居住环境的关键是控制工业污染。thekeytodoingsth.意为“做某事的关键是……”，其中to为介词。6．Theoldscientisthasmade________breakthroughingrowingrice,whichwill________(feed)morepeopleintheworld.答案：a；feed句意：这位老科学家在种植水稻方面有了突破，这将解决世界上更多人的吃饭问题。breakthrough通常用作可数名词。makeabreakthrough突破，攻破；feed养活；为及物动词。7．IfimmigrantsaregiventherighttostayinBritain,somesayitwouldbring________upto￡1billioninextrataxrevenue.答案：in句意：有些人说，如果允许移民待在英国，会给英国带来高达10亿英镑的额外税收。bringin赚得(钱)，符合题意。8．Thedatafromthesatellitewasenoughforthecomputermodeltofigure________thatthetsumamiwassmallerandlessdestructive.答案：out句意：电脑根据卫星传来的数据足以弄清楚这次海啸威力会小些，也不会有那么大的毁灭性。figureout计算，推断。9．(·扬州高一检测改编)Themajorityofpeopleinthetownstrongly________theplantobuildaplaygroundforchildren.答案：support句意：城镇中多数人非常支持给孩子们修建操场这个计划。support支持，拥护，维持。10．—Thefilmis,Ihavetosay,notabitinteresting.—Why?It's________interestingthanthefilmsIhaveeverseen.答案：farmore考查形容词的比较级。句意：——我不得不说这部电影真的没有意思。——为什么？它比我以前看过的所有电影都有意思。根据第二句中Why？可以看出第二个人与第一个人的态度相反，也就是说他对这部电影持肯定态度，故答案为farmore。Ⅳ.阅读理解AEarlyintheautumnof1674,HenryOldenburg,secretaryoftheRoyalSocietyinLondon,receivedanextraordinaryletter.SentbyAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,adraper(布料商)fromDelftintheNetherlands,itcontainedanunlikely­soundingclaim.Usingamicroscopeofhisowninvention,vanLeeuwenhoekhadseentinycreatures,invisibletothenakedeye,livinginlakewater.Someofthese“animalcules(微生物)”weresosmall,andhelaterestimatedthat30millionofthemwouldstillbesmallerthanagrainofsand.RoyalSocietyfellowscouldn'tbelieveit.Evenwithhismostpowerfulinstruments,thecelebratedEnglishmicroscopistRobertHookehadneverobservedanythinglikethelittlecreatures.Infact,theDutchmanhaddevelopedfarsuperiorlensestoHooke's,andhaddiscoveredbacteriaandprotozoans(原生动物).Byproducingevensmallerandmorecurvedlenses—usingatechniquethathekeptsecret—vanLeeuwenhoekwasabletomagnifyobjectsupto500times.Aswellasdiscoveringmicro－organisms,hewasthefirsttoseeredbloodcells.In1677,vanLeeuwenhoeksenttheSocietyfurtheranimalculeobservations.Hookeeventuallyimprovedhisownmicroscopestothepointwherehe,too,couldseethetinycreatures.ThreeyearslatervanLeeuwenhoekwasmadeafellow.Itwasnotuntil1890，morethan160yearsaftervanLeeuwenhoek'sdeath,thatbacteriawerelinkedwithdiseases.“ReadingvanLeeuwenhoek'sletters,youverymuchgettheimpressionofsomebodydazzled(眩晕的)bywhathewasfinding，”saysLesleyRobertson,leaderofthearchivesatDelftUniversity'sschoolofmicrobiology.“Hethoughthe'dfoundawholenewworld—buthecertainlyneverpickedupontheconnectionwithillness.”语篇解读：本文是记叙文。全文讲述了布料商出身的AntonivanLeeuwenhoek发明了自己的显微镜。他的发明使得发现更小、更清晰的事物成为可能，这为把细菌与疾病联系起来奠定了基础。1．WhatdidAntonivanLeeuwenhoekseewithhisownmicroscope?A．Aletter.B．Bacteriaandprotozoans.C．Smallanimalsinthewater.D．Theelementofwater.答案：B细节理解题。联系下文“infact，theDutchmanhaddevelopedfarsuperiorlensestoHooke's，andhaddiscoveredbacteriaandprotozoans.”可知，荷兰人已经通过改良的镜片发现了细菌和原生动物，AntonivanLeeuwenhoek通过自己的显微镜看到的tinycreatures就是细菌和原生动物。2．Fromthepassagewecansee________.A．vanLeeuwenhoekknewthetinycreaturesinthewaterhadsomethingtodowithillnessB．vanLeeuwenhoekwasthefirsttodiscoverbacteriaC．vanLeeuwenhoekwasthefirsttousethemicroscopeD．vanLeeuwenhoekwasthefirsttoknowhowtoobservebacteriaandprotozoans答案：C推理判断题。通读全文可知，尽管荷兰人也看到细菌和原生动物，但是他们使用的是改进后的镜片，而不是显微镜，因此C正确。A有一定的干扰性，联系文章最后一句可知，他并没有把观察到的细菌和原生物与疾病联系到一起。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“magnify”inthefourthparagraphmean?A．Toclearaway.B．Toimprove.C．Tocollect.D．Tomakelarge.答案：D词义猜测题。联系全文他改进自己的显微镜以及后文的“upto500times”可知，他的显微镜能把物体放大500倍，因此得出答案。4．Fromthelastparagraphwecansee，whenAntonivanLeeuwenhoeksawthetinycreatures,invisibletothenakedeye，livinginlakewater,________.A．hewasoverexcitedB．heknewhefollowedsomeoneelse'sdiscoveryC．hewasabitdisappointedD．hisdiscoverywastoleadaconnectionbetweenbacteriaandillness答案：A推理判断题。联系最后一段的“ReadingvanLeeuwenhoek'sletters,youverymuchgettheimpressionofsomebodydazzledbywhathewasfinding，”可知，当时他对自己的发明是极度兴奋的。BDoyousupposeDarwin,oneofthegreatestscientistsofalltimes,reallydidfools'experiments?Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?Sometimes,peoplethinktheyalreadyknowtheanswertoaquestionorthesolutiontoaproblem.Sometimes,theyreallydoknowananswerorasolution,butwithoutthinkingtheyareimportant.CharlesDarwindidn'tsettlefor(满足于)justthinkingheknewsomething.And,hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.Supposeyoudropsheetsofpaperthatareofexactlythesamesizeandshape.Ifyoudropthematthesametimeinthesameplace,theywillfallinthesameway.Nowmakeoneofthesheetsofpaperintoatightlittleballandletitdropalongwiththeothersheets,Whathappens?Youhavedoneanexperimentthatissosimplethatyoumightthinkitcouldn'tbeworthanything.Butthissimpleexperimentisimportant.Itexplainspartofourpresentdayunderstandingsofphysics,ideasthatwereworkedoutlongagobyGalileoandNewton.Andtheseunderstandingsset_asidesomeofancientGreekphysics.Scientistssometimestoptolookatverysimplethingsandtothinkveryhardaboutthem.Eventhesimplestidea,whichwemightthinkisfoolish,canshakethefoundationsofscience.语篇解读：有些问题的答案人们已经知晓，但人们没有想过这个问题是多么重要，伟大的科学家CharlesDarwin总要通过做实验来弄懂事情的来龙去脉。5．ThepassagetellsusthatCharlesDarwin________.A．wasagreatEnglishscientistB．alwayslikeddoingtheexperimentsthatothersthoughtdifficultC.thoughteventhesimplestthingwasimportantD.didn'tgetwellwithothers答案：C推理判断题。短文并没有说CharlesDarwin是哪个国家的科学家，可排除A；由第二段可知别人认为Darwin的许多实验不值得做，可把B排除；文中没有论述Darwin与别人相处的事情，可排除D。由第三段第二句中“hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtohe”可推出答案C。6．Theunderlinedphrase“setaside”mostprobablymeans“________”．A．throwaway B．storeupC．puttouse D．realize答案：A词义猜测题。由上文可知作者认为做这个简单实验是重要的，它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的理解。因此这些理解当然是推翻了一些希腊古典物理学的观点。由此可推知setaside与throwaway同义。7．Theauthorofthepassagetriesto________.A．convinceusthatCharlesDarwin.GalileoandNewtonarethegreatestscientistsintheworldB．drawtheconclusionthatbasicsciencesaresimplethingsC．provethattwosheetsofpaper,withthesamesizeandshape,willfallatthesamespeedD．drawourattentiontoeverydayhappeningsaroundus答案：D主旨大意题。短文的最后一段点明最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基，意在告诉读者要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它非常简单。8．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Darwinreallydidfools'experiments.B．Accordingtosomepeople,Darwindidfoolishexperiments.C．Itisbelievedbyallthepeoplethatthingscouldbeimportantthoughtheyseemedtobesimple，D．GalileoandNewtonworkedoutancientGreekphysics.答案：B细节理解题。短文第一段第二句“Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish？”明确告诉我们，有些人认为Darwin做了愚蠢的实验。Ⅴ.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【全国新课标卷题型】Gandhi,anIndiannationalhero,washonored__1__thefatheroftheIndiannation.HehasbeenrespectedandbelovedbytheIndians.HewasborninIndiain1869.Followingthelocalcustom,hegot__2__(marry)attheageof13.In1888hesailedtoEngland,__3__hestudiedlawforthreeyearsandbecamealawyer.OnhisreturntoIndia,hewassenttoSouthAfricatoworkonalawcase.InSouthAfricahe__4__(surprise)tofindthattheproblemofracialdiscrimination(种族歧视)wasserious.Thereheformedanorganizationandstartedamagazinetofight__5__equalrights.GandhireturnedtoIndiain1915，__6__IndiawascontrolledbytheBritish.HeledtheIndianstofightforanendtotheBritishruleand__7__(depend)forhiscountry.InthepoliticalmovementmanyIndiansincludingGandhiwereputinprison.__8__，thestrugglesneverstopped.TheBritishgovernmenthadtogive__9__andIndiawonitsindependencein1947.__10__(fortunate)GandhiwasshotbyanIndianwhoopposedhisviewsanddiedonJanuary30th,1948.1．______2.______3.______4.______5.______6．______7.______8.______9.______10.______答案：1．asas在此处为介词，意为“作为”。2．marriedgetmarried结婚。3．wherewhere引导定语从句，修饰England。4．wassurprised此处缺少的是谓语动词，所以用besurprised表示人的感受。5．forfightfor为……而战。6．whenwhen在此处引导定语从句，修饰前面出现的时间。7．independence此处应该用名词形式，与前面的anend共同做fightfor的宾语。8．However