科技英语写作

第一节科技英语写作语法错戏举例

1.1Subject-VerbAgreements(主调一致)

例1Applicationofthistechniquetostudiesonphytoplanktonbiomassanditsenvironmentsare

described.

［说明］Thesubjectis“application”,whichissingular.

Applicationofthistechniqueto...isdescribed.

Sometimes,twosingularsubjectsjoinedby"a/?cTcausethiserror.

例2GrowthandisolationofM13viruswasdescribed

fGrowthandisolationofM13virusweredescribed.

Exception:Asubjectthatispluralinformbutsingularineffecttakesasingularverb.

例3Thenameandaddressofeachcontributorisgivenonthetitlepage.

例4Researchanddevelopmentisattractingagrowingnumberofyoungscientists.

However,whentwoormoresubjectsarejoinedby"o尸，theverbtakesthenumber

oftheclosestsubject.

例5Applicationoruseswerenoted.

Usesorapplicationwasnoted.

例6Theappropriatemetalionconcentrationortherateconstantswereused.

Therateconstantsorappropriatemetalionconcentrationwasused.

Collectivenounstakeasingularverbwhenthegroupasawholeismeant;inthat

casetheyareoftenprecededbytheword“thd'.Collectivenounstakeapluralverb

whenindividualsofthegrouparemeant;inthatcase,theyareoftenprecededbythe

word"a”.

cntentsjorityangecouplenumberseriesdozenpairvarietygroup

例7Theseriesisarrangedinorderofdecreasingsize.

［说明］Referstotheseriesasaunit.

例8Aseriesofcompoundsweretested.

［说明］Referstoeachcompound.

例9Thenumberofmetalamidessynthesizedwasthelargesttodate.

(Referstothenumberasaunit.)

Anumberofmetalamidesweresynthesized.

(Referstoeachamide.)

例10Theseriesofcompoundswaspreparedtotestthehypothesis.

(Referstotheseriesasaunit.)

Aseriesofcompoundsweretested.

(Referstoeachcompound.)

例11Aseriesoflowmolecularweightphenolphthaleinepoxyresins(500-700)hasbeen

preparedfromphenolphthaleinandepichlorohydrinusingK2co3(Na2co3)/H2。ascatalystsinsteadof

NaOH/H2O.

fAseriesoflowmolecularweightphenolphthaleinepoxyresins(500-700)hevebeen

preparedfromphenolphthaleinandepichlorohydrinusingK2co3(Na2co3)/H2。ascatalystsinsteadof

NaOH/H2O.

“Data”canbeasingularorpluralnoun.

例12Experimentaldatathatweobtainedarecomparedwithpreviouslyreportedresults.

［说明］Referstothedataasindividualresults.

例13Afterthedataaredistributed,wecanmeettodiscussthem.

-Afterthedataisdistributed,wecanmeettodiscussit.

［说明］Referstothewholecollectionofdataasoneunit.

例14Noneofthesampleswassoluble.

—Noneofthesamplesweresoluble.

［说明］Referstoindividuals.

例15Thisgroupofworkersarewellawareoftheirresponsibilities.

fThisgroupofworkersiswellawareofitsresponsibilities.

［说明］Referstothegroupasaunit.

Unitsofmeasurementaretreatedascollectivenounsandthereforetakeasingular

subject.

例16Themixturewasstirred,and5mLofdiluentwereadded.

fThemixturewasstirred,and5mLofdiluentwasadded.

例17FivegramsofNaCLwereaddedtothesolution.

fFivegramsofNaCLwasaddedtothesolution.

例18Threeweeksareneededtocompletetheexperiment.

fThreeweeksisneededtocompletetheexperiment.

Nounsendinginicsanddenotingascientificdisciplineareusuallysingular.

dynamicsmechanicskineticsphysicsmathematicsthermodynamics

MechanicsinvolvestheapplicationofNewton'sthreelawsofmotion.

Thekineticsofelectrontransfertoandfromphotogeneratedradicalswasexaminedbylaserflash

photolysis.

Thethermodynamicsisgovernedbythepositionsofthevalenceandconductionbands.

Compoundsubjectscontainingthewords“eac/i"，“every5',andueverybody91may

takesingularverbs.

例19Eachflaskandeachholderwassterilizedbeforeuse.

Bothcomponentsofthecompoundsubjectmustcontainthewordsinquestion.

Otherwise,theverbmustbeplural.

例20Eachstudentandalloftheprofessorswereinvited.

Sometimes,oneofthesewordsisimplicit;suchcasestakeasingularverb.

例21Eachnameandaddressisenteredintothedatabase.

Indefinitepronounsthemselves(oradjectivescombinedwiththeindefinite

pronountlone>,)canbethesubjectofthesentence.

Thosethattakeasingularverbare"each”,"eithe产，“neithe产，“noone91,every

one>,,uanyone>,,tisomeone>,,tteveryone>,,''anybody99,''somebody91,and“everybody31.

例22Eachwasevaluatedforitseffectonmetabolism.

例23Neitherdisruptsthecellmembrane.

但U24Regardingcompounds1-10,everyonereactswiththecontrolagent.

例25Someonemeasuresthevolumeeveryday.

Thosethattakeapluralverbare“severaF,"feW","both”,andamany9".

例26Severalwereevaluatedfortheireffectsonmetabolism.

例27Fewdisruptthecellmembrane.

例28Regardingcompounds1and2,bothreactwiththecontrolagent.

例29Manywerechosentobepartofthestudy.

Thosethattakeeitherasingularorpluralverb,dependingoncontext,arettsome),,

il>,<t,,

any,noneJand"mosf.Thenumberoftheobjectofthepreposition

determinesthenumberoftheindefinitepronounrelatedtoit.

例30Someofthemoneywasstolen.

例31Someofthebookswerelost.

例32Notallthedisksarehere;somewerelost.

Whenafractionisthesubjectofthesentence,thenumberoftheattendantobject

oftheprepositiondeterminesthenumberofthesubject.

例33One-thirdoftheprecipitatewasdissolved.

例34One-fourthoftheelectronsareexcited.

例35Theremainderofthecompoundsareyettobedescribed.

Whenasubjectanditspredicativedisagreeinnumber,theverbtakesthenumber

ofthesubject.

低！］36Thepreparationandstructuredeterminationofthesethreecompoundsarethetopicof

paper.

例37Thetopicofthispaperisthepreparationandstructuredeterminationofthesethree

compounds.

1.2RestrictiveandNonrestrictiveClauses

Whenaclauseinacompoundsentenceisrestrictive,theclauseisnecessaryto

thesenseofthesentence,thesentencewouldbecomepointlesswithouttheclause.

Restrictiveclausesarebestintroducedbylithar,not“which”.

例38Itwasnecessarytofinedablockinggroupwhichwouldreactwiththeaminogroupbutnot

withthehydroxyl.

—Itwasnecessarytofinedablockinggroupthatwouldreactwiththeaminogroupbutnot

withthehydroxyl.

Aphraseorclauseisnonrestrictiveifitaddsinformationbutisnotessential;that

is,thesentencedoesnotloseitsmeaningifthephraseorclauseisdeleted.

Nonrestrictivephraseandclausearesetoffbycommas.

快！)39Thecurrent-voltagecurves,whichareshowninFigure6,clearlydemonstratethereversibility

ofallfourprocesses.

例40MelvinCalvin,whowontheNobelPrizein1961,elucidatedthebiochemical

pathwaysinphotosynthesis.

1.3DanglingModifiers语(Danglingphrases)

Oneformofadanglingmodifierisaverbalphrasethatnotreferclearlyand

logicallytoanotherwordorphraseinthesentence.

Theunderstoodsubjectisusuallythesameasinthemainclause.

fAfterthetechnicalreportwasreviewed,theseveralmistakeswerefoundinit.

Basedonthebiologicalandgeographicalcharacters,lakesinChinacanbedividedintofive

majorgroups.

fOnthebasisofthebiologicalandgeographicalcharacters,lakesinChinacanbedividedinto

fivemajorgroups.

fLakesinChinacanbedividedintofivemajorgroupsaccordingtotheirbiologicaland

geographicalcharacters.

b.悬垂不定式短语(Danglinginfinitivephrases)

Inordertorealizesustainabledevelopmentofsociety,itneedstoconsidertheprotectedarea

constructionasanimportantcomponentofregionaldevelopmentalplanningand...

fInordertorealizesustainabledevelopmentofsociety,weshouldconsidertheconstructionof

protectedareaasanimportantcomponentofregionaldevelopmentalplanningand...

c.悬垂介词短语(Danglingprepositionphrases)

Afterremovingtheoutmostleaves,thematerialwasrubbedwith70%ethanolforsurface

sterilization.

fThematerialswerecleansedwith70%ethanolforsurfacesterilization,aftertheiroutmost

leaveswereremoved.

下面几种情形不是danglingmodifiers:

(4)Absoluteconstructionsarewords,phrases,orclausesthataregrammatically

unconnectedwiththerestofthesentenceinwhichtheyappear.Theyaresometimes

calledsentencemodifier^becausetheyqualifytherestofthesentence.Theymay

occuranywhereinthesentence,andtheyarealwayssetoffbycommas.Theyarenot

danglingmodifiers.

快!I50Contrarytotheexcited-statesituation,metal-bondinginteractionsintheground

statesareweak.

例51Theconstructionswerepremature,consideringthelackofavailabledata.

例52judgingfromthespectralchanges,exhaustivephotolysisofcompound4hadoccurred.

例53TheconformationsabouttheRe-Rebond,inaddition,aredifferentforallthreecomplexes.

Absoluteconstructionsoftenbeginwithoneofthefollowingwords:

consideringprovidedgivenprovidingjudgingregardingconcerningfailing

(5)lnmathematicalpapers,absolutephrasesbeginningwiththewords“assuming”

and“taking“areoftenusedassentencemodifiers.

例54Assumingthatdistancedisinducedbythenorm,Misasymmetricalandpositively

definedmatrix.

例55Takingthisvalueasanupperlimit,thetwoshortestdistancesaresometimestoolong

forincipienthydrogenbonds.

(6)Asubordinateorellipticalclausemaybeusedasasentencemodifier.

例56Thecompoundisstableinair,asweconcludedfromtheexperimentevidence.

彳列57TheMo5sorbitals,asexpected,interactstronglywiththeligands.

(7)Anintroductoryinfinitiveorinfinitivephrasemaybeasentencemodifier.

例58Topreparecompound2,themethodofGamerwasfollowed.

1.4AwkwardOmissionsofVerbsandAuxiliaryVerbs

Besurethateachsubjectinacompoundsentencehastheproperverbsand

auxiliaryverbs.

例59Theeluantwasaddedtothecolumn,andthesamplescollectedin10-mLincrements.

fTheeluantwasaddedtothecolumn,andthesampleswerecollectedin10-mL

increments.

第二节科技英语写作表达的几个问题

2.1简明

科学论文不同于文学作品，要求必须简明、清晰、准确

例AscanbeseenfromFig.7,growthisrapid.

fGrowthisrapid(Fig.l).

fFig.lshowsthatgrowthisrapid.

AsshowninFig.l...

fFig.lshows...

Themolarenthalpyofdecompositionwasdeterminedtobe62.38kJ/molbymeansofthethird

peakareainDSCcurve.

fThemolarenthalpyofdecompositionwasdeterminedtobe62.38kJ/molfrom(orby)the

thirdpeakareainDSCcurve.

下述句式可以更加简捷的形式表达

常以介词或副词代替

anumberof=several,some

atatemperatureofat

atsomefuturetimelater

atthepresenttime(moment)now

averylimitednumberoffew

bymeansofbyorwith

duetothefactthatbecauseorsince

duringthetimethatwhile

foraperiodoffor

forthereasonthatbecauseorsince

fromthestandpointofaccordingto

greater(orhigher)numberofmore

ifconditionsaresuchthatif

comparedwithA,BwasbiggerBwasbiggerthanA

considerableamountofmuch

considerablenumber(orproportion)manyormost

inacarelessmannercarelessly

inaconsiderablenumberofcasesoften

inasimilarmannersimilarly

inallcasesalways,all

inanycaseanyhow

inconsequenceofthisfacttherefore

inexcessofmorethan

infewcasessometimes,rarely,seldom

inmanycaseschemistsare...manychemistsare...

inordertoto

in[with]regardtoinrelationtoinrespectof[to]inthecaseofinthiscontextof

以上可使用适当的介词，例如in,for,about,with

insomecasessometimes

intermsofin

inthecaseofsodiumwithsodium

intheeventthatif

inthenearfuturesoon

inthetemperaturerangeofbetween...and...℃

inviewofthefactthatsinceorbecause

largenumber(s)ofmany

largeproportionofmany

ofgreatimportanceimportant

ofsuchhardnessthatsohardthat

onthebasisoffrom,by,because

ontheorderofabout

overthepastfewyearsrecently,inrecentyears

owingtothefactthatsince,because

asmallnumberofafew

subsequenttoafter

asufficientnumberofenough

withreferencetoabout

priortobefore

Itisapparentthat...Apparentlyhence,thus

Itappearsthat...Apparently...

Itisinterestingtonotethat...1interestingly...

Itwasin1977that...In1977...

Itisclearthat...Clearly...

Itisourconclusionthat...Weconcludethat...

Itispossiblethat...

Itmaybesaidthat...PerhapsPossibly,Probably

Itisoftenthecasethat...Often...

Itispossiblethatthecauseis...Thecausemaybe...

可去掉It,改用动词，而不用名词

Itistheaimofthepresentinvestigationtoprovide...

fThisinvestigationisaimedtoproviding...

ACS建议以如下几种方式，使文章写得更简明：

⑴删去诸如下述短语

Asalreadystated

Ithasbeenfoundthat

Ithaslongbeenknownthat

Itisinterestingtonotethat

Itisworthmentioningatthispoint

Itmaybesaidthat

Itwasdemonstratedthat

⑵删去多余的词

Itisaprocedurethatisoftenused.

—>Thisprocedureisoftenused.

Therearesevenstepsthatmustbecompleted.

—>Sevenstepsmustbecompleted.

Thisisaproblemthatis...

一Thisproblemis...

Theseresultsarepreliminaryinnature.

一Theseresultsarepreliminary.

⑶不用短语，用单一词表达

anumberof—>many,several

asmallnumberof一afew

areinagreement一agree

arefoundtobe一are

areknowntobe一are

atpresent一now

atthepresenttime一now

basedonthefactthat一because

bymeansof一by

despitethefactthat—>although

duetothefactthat—>because

duringthattime—while

fewerinnumber一fewer

forthereasonthat—because

hasbeenshowntobe—>is

ifitisassumedthat一if

incolor,e.g.,redincolor一juststatethecolor,e.g.,red

inconsequenceofthisfact一therefore,consequently

inlength一long

inorderto一to

inshape,e.g.,roundinshape—juststatetheshape,e.g.,round

insize,e.g.,smallinsize一juststatethesize,e.g.,small

inspiteofthefactthat—although

inthecaseof...—>infor...

inthenearfuture—>soon

inviewofthefactthat—because

isknowntobe—>is

itappearsthat一apparently

itisclearthat一clearly

itislikelythat一likely

itispossiblethat一possibly

itwouldappearthat—apparently

ofgreatimportance—>important

ontheorderof—about

owingtothefactthat—because

priorto—>before

reportedintheliterature—reported

subsequentto—>after

两种类型的复杂句及其简化

有被动式从句与主动式从句之分

［被动式从句］

Heusesaninstrumentwhichiscalledaspectroscope.

fHeusesaninstrumentcalledaspectroscope.(简化为后置的过去分词)

带有介词+which句子的简化

(1)atwhich一where

Airportisaplaceatwhichspecialattentionispaidtotheweather.

一Airportisaplacewherespecialattentionispaidtotheweather.

(2)bymeansofwhichfwhereby

Afuseboxisadevicebymeansofwhichexcessiveloadsareavoided.

fAfuseboxisadevicewherebyexcessiveloadsareavoided.

Definitionofthermalanalysis

Ageneraltermcoveringagroupofrelatedtechniqueswherebythedependenceofthe

parametersofanyphysicalpropertyofasubstanceontemperatureismeasured.

(3)ofwhichfwhose

Venusisaplanetofwhichthesurfacetemperatureisthoughttobeatleast200℃.

一Venusisaplanetwhosethesurfacetemperatureisthoughttobeatleast200℃.

有介词from,in,for者不能简化

Laboratoriesareroomsinwhichexperimentsareconducted.

有助动词的句子，不能简化

Hereisalistofexperimentswhichwillbe/shouldbe/havebeendonethisyear.(这里是今年要

做的/必须做的/已做过的实验明细表。),

［主动式从句］

ThemanwholecturesonThursdayisanexpertindynamics.

fThemanlecturingonThursdayisanexpertindynamics.

(简化为现在分词，作后置定语。)

再简化

被动式

Airwhichiscompressedcanbeusedforseveralpurposes.

fAircompressedcanbeusedforseveralpurposes.

fCompressedaircompressedcanbeusedforseveralpurposes.

主动式

Malaysiaisacountrywhichproducesrubber.

Malaysiaisacountryproducingrubber.

Malaysiaisarubber-producingcountry.

2.2富于变幻

比如，“称作”一词

Suchfractionsarecalledasnon-freezingwater.

Suchfractionsarereferredtoasfreezingboundwater.

Thiswaterisdesignatedasfreezingwater.

再比如，报道、阐述、主张、确认

Conflictingdatahavebeenpresentedinliteratureconcerningthecompatibilityofpoly（vinyl

chloride）-PVC-andpoly（methylmethacrylate）-PMMA.Thus,Schureretal[l]reportedPVC/PMMA

tobemiscibleonlyinblendshavingaPVCcontentgreaterthan60%w/w,whereasRozinskaetal[2]

claimedPVC/PMMAtobeimmiscible.Ontheotherhand,Parmeretal[3]assertedPVC/PMMAto

bemiscibleoverthewholerangeofcompositionshowingasingleglasstransition,7g,inthesecond

DSCheatingratetraces.MiscibilityofPVC/PMMAhasalsobeenconfirmedbyAlbertetal[4]by

non-radiativeenergytransferandNMR.

2.3辨析近义词

例1absorbedby,adsorbedon

adsorbedon（吸附于表面），absorbedby（吸收其中）。

如：...adsorbedonthesurfaceofsilveriodine.（…吸附于碘化银的表面。）

Waterwasabsorbedbythesponge.（水被泡沫材料吸收。）

例2accuracy,precision

accuracy（准确度），示值（实验值）与被测量真值（约定真值）的一致程度；

precision（精密度），某一物理量多次测量值的一致性（或称数据的分散性上

例如：Althoughhighprecisionwasachieved,accuracywaslow.（虽然达至（J高精密度，但准确度低。）

例3actually,infact

在例句“Actually,thereactionratesbyemployingsomeothermethodswereconsiderably

slower,...”中，对于科学论文来讲，这里施用infact更为合适。与书面语言相比，actually更多

用于口语。

例4adjust,calibrate

calibrate的名词形式是calibration（校准），在规定条件下为确定测量仪器或测量系统的示值

与被测量相对应的已知值之间关系的一组操作。可以用校准的结果评定测量仪器、测量系统的

示值误差，或给任意标尺上的标记赋值；有时把校准的结果表示为校正因子或取校正曲线形式

的一系列校正因子。可按上述的校正对测量结果做调整（adjust）。例如:Theresultsofthecalibration

permittedustoadjustthefinalresult.（校准的结果允许我们去调整最终结果。）

例5common,general,ordinary,usual,routine

common（普通的，共同的），a-Aluminamonohydrateisacommoncomponentofmany

bauxites.（a-氧化铝单水合物是许多铝土矿的共同成分。）.

general（一般的），Oneofthebestandmostgeneralmethodsforpreparingketonesinthe

aromaticseriesistheFriedel-Craftreaction」制备芳酮类化合物一般最好的方法之一是

Friedel-Craft反应。）

ordinary（普通的，通常的），如：Heavywaterdifferssomewhatfromordinarywaterincertain

physicalproperties」重水在某些物理性质方面与普通的水有所不同。）

ordinarypressure（常压）,

ordinarytemperature（常温）。

usual（常规的），Undertheseconditiontheend-pointoftitrationcouldbefoundaccuratelyinthe

usualway.（在这种条件下，按常规的办法可以精确发现滴定终点。）

兹以method为例：

acommonmethod普通的方法

ageneralmethod一般的方法

ausualmethod常规的方法

aconventionalmethod传统的方法

止矽卜，routine（贯常的），如routinetest（惯常测试），是指按即定的程序开展的大量重复测试。

例6bymeansof,intermsof

bymeansof与by,using,byusing同义，表示利用某种方法（手段，诸如IR,DSC,NMR,X射

线衍射等）开展研究、观测；

intermsof通常用在采用某种理论（说法）、参数来解释实验结果。

例如：ThethermalanddynamicmechanicalpropertiesofPES/PPSblendshavebeeninvestigated

bymeansofDSCandDMA.

Sometimes,wehavetostudythemiscibilityofpolymerblendsbymeansofacombination

oftwoormoremethodsinordertoconfirmtheexperimentalresults.

Foxequationinterpretstherelationshipbetweenglasstemperature（纭）andcopolymer

compositions.

fTherelationshipbetweenglasstemperature（"）andcopolymercompositionswas

interpretedintermsofFoxequation.

Wehavepreparedthecomplexoftitlecompoundanddiscusseditsthermaldecomposition

procedurebyTG-DTG,DTA,SEMandIRtechniquesandthecorrespondingnon-isothermal

kineticsbymeansoftheMalekmethod.

一...intermsoftheMalekmethod.

例7curve,thermogram

curve（曲线）,thermogram（热谱）。

thermogram的一种解释是，住院病人，例行查房，体温的逐日记录。因此，以英国学者为主

的热分析名词委员会主张称热分析的记录为“曲线”，而不称“热谱”。如DTAcurve（DTA曲线），

DSCcurve（DSC曲线）。

例8derivative,differential

derivative（微商），表示某物理量P对温度T或时间t的微商，dP/dT（或dP/dt）,如derivative

thermogravimetry（微商热重法）

differential（差，差式），如differentialscanningcalorimetry（差式扫描量热法）。

修!19different,various,varying

different（不同的）,various（各种的），varying（改变...的）。

例如：Theresultsareclearlydifferent.（结果显然不同。）

Wetriedvarious（或severaldifferent）methods.（我们试过各种方法。）

Theeffectofvaryingtheconditionwas...（改变条件的影响是）

例10mass,weight

mass（质量），weight（重量）。

如：massofthesample（试样质量，或简称试样量），而不称sampleweight（试样重量）。重量

在本质上与力是相同的，即是质量与因重力而产生的加速度的乘积。

例11usually,often,sometimes

它们在表现时间的频次上是不同的，usually,often,sometimes依次为"通常”、“常常”、“有

时”，频次降低。

如：Itwasusuallyobservedthat...（通常观测...）

Itwasoftenobservedthat...（常常观测...）

Itwassometimesobservedthat...（有时观测）

例12standardmaterial,certifiedreferencematerial

standardmaterial标准物质，

certifiedreferencematerial有证参样（或称有证标准物质）。

standardmaterial用于检定仪器测量准确度的物质；certifiedreferencematerial用一种或多种

技术上正确的方法，鉴定了其特性值、具有可溯源性并附有鉴定机构所发给的证书或其他文件

的标准物质。

例13

materialsubstancesamplespecimentestspecimenspecimens试料IS011358:

sample:

Asmallpartorportionofabulkmaterialorbatchofproductsintendedtoberepresentativeof

thewhole.（样品:可代表整个材料或产品的一小部分批料）

testspecimen:

Acompleteproductorsinglepiecetakenfromasampleandusedtocarryoutatest.Inthecase

ofbulkmaterialssuchaspellets,powdersandgranules:aportiontakenfromasampleandusedto

carryoutatest.检样：取自样品的一个完整产品或单一件并用于进行测底。对于诸如板

材、粉末或粒子的批料，是从样品取一小部分，并用于测试。）

用非常少量的试样而又必须能代表整个样品，则要求必须制备成均匀组成的分析试样。

2.4语法修辞及其他

2.4.1时态、语态与人称

1）时态

用一般过去时，陈述以往做过的事。如：

Thesolutionheatedtoboiling.

Thespectrawererecorded.

Jonesreviewedtheliteratureandgatheredmuchofthisinformation.

Werecentlyfoundthatrelativisticeffectsenhancethebondstrength.

Thestructureweredeterminedbyneutrondiffractionmethods.

用现在时叙述事实

Absoluterateconstantsforawidevarietyofreactionsareavailable.

Hyperbranchedcompoundsaremacromolecularcompoundsthatcontainabranchingpointin

eachstructuralrepeatunit.

现在时和一般过去时可用于表达文章的结果、讨论和结论

Thecharacteristicsofthevoltammetricwaveindicatethatelectrontransferandbreakingof

thecarbon-iodinebondareconcerted.

Theexcellentthermalstabilityofpoly（nRMI）wasconfirmedbythermalanalysistechnique,

i.e.,theyhadahighglasstransitiontemperatureanddecompositiontemperature.

论文常用时态可概括如下：

表示“报道、研究、综述”等，通常用一般现在时

InthispaperwereportthesynthesisofRFCcontainingbariumferriteaccordingtoaspecific

recipeanditsevaluationofdielectricandmechanicalproperties.

Theprobablemodeofevolutionisdiscussed.

叙述他人已报道的内容用一般过去时或现在完成时

Inthepastdecadepublicattentionmoreandmorefocusedonthepotentialapplicationsof

renewableresources(forexampleasbuildingmaterials,Sobral1990严).

表示研究过程的行为通常用一般过去时或现在完成时

HighDensityPolyethylene(HDPE)waskindlysuppliedbyFIAT(Italy).

TheHDPEwasblendedwiththeLDPE,inthemoltenstateathightemperature(200℃),

usingaBrabenderblender,equippedwithrotatingblades.

Filmswereobtainedfromallthementionedmaterials,bycompressionmouldingona

laboratoryscaleatT=180℃withathickness0.2mm.

Thecurecharacteristicsandmechanicalpropertiesofshortnylonfiber-styrenebutadienerubber

compositeswithandwithoutaninterfacialbondinga