2020-2021学年福建省三明市第一中学高一下学期开学考试英语试题解析版

三明一中2021—2021学年第二学期开学考试高一英语试题〔考试时间：120分钟；总分值：150分〕本试卷由四个局部组成，其中第一、二局部和第三局部的第一节为选择题，第三局部的第二节和第四局部为非选择题。考生注意：1.考生答题时，将答案写在专用答题卡上。选择题答案请用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案涂黑；非选择题答案请用直径0.5毫米黑色签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内标准作答，但凡答题不标准一律无效2.考生应遵守考试规定，做到“诚信考试，杜绝舞弊〞。第一局部听力理解〔共两节，总分值30分〕第一节〔共5小题；每题1.5分，总分值7.5分〕听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.AcoatB.Ascarf.C.Adress2.Whenwilltheflightarrive?A.At7:20B.At7:30p.m.C.At7:50p.m.3.WhatdidTomdolastweekend?A.Hewatchedamovie.B.Hewasbusyworking.C.Hepracticedcalligraphy.4.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.ClassmatesB.DoctorandpatientC.Teacherandstudent5.Howistheweathernow?A.RainyB.HotC.Cold.第二节(共15小题;每题1.5分,总分值22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,答复第6、7题6.Whichsubjectdidthemanhelpthewomanwith?A.Geography.B.ChemistryC.Math7.Whydothespeakersplantogotothelibrary?A.Tostudyforatest.B.Todovoluntarywork.C.Toreturnsomebooks.听第7段材料,答复第8至10题。8.Whenwasthefestivalfirstheld?A.1yearago.B.2yearsagoC.3yearsago.9.Whatcantheaudiencedoduringthefestival?A.Shootafilm.B.Learntousecameras.C.Communicatewithdirectors10.Wheredomostofthefilmscomefrom?A.Theman’sschool.B.Otheruniversities.C.Filmcompanies听第8段材料,答复第11至13题。11.Whatcanweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheisatrainer.B.Sheisoutofshape.C.Shejoinsafitnessclub.12.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Howtosleepwell.B.Howtokeephealthy.C.Howtogiveadvice.13.Whatdoesthemanprobablymeanintheend?A.Hewillsetupafitnessclub.B.Hewillhaveahealthcheck-up.C.Hewilltakethetrainer’sadvice.听第9段材料,答复第14至16题。14.Wheredidthemantravel?A.ToNewYorkB.ToParisC.ToBeijing15.Whatdoesthemanregret?A.TastingFrenchfood.B.Forgettingtotakephotos.C.Missingthetopofthetower.16.Howdoesthemanfindthetrip?A.ExcitingB.DisappointingC.Tiring听第10段材料,答复第17至20题。17.Whichpartofthebirdisblue?A.Itsfeet.B.ItseyesC.Itswings18.WheredidWillstarttoknowthebird?A.OnawebsiteB.InascienceclassC.Inacompany.19.WhatdidWilldowiththesocks?A.Hegavethemaway.B.Hekeptthemhimself.C.Hesoldthemtoothers20.What’sthepurposeoftheproject?AToraisefundstosavethebird.B.Tohelpstudentsstudythebirdwell.C.Topreventthebirdfromillegaltrade.第二局部阅读理解(共两节，总分值40分)第一节〔共15小题；每题2分，总分值30分〕阅读以下短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最正确选项。ALet'stakealookatsomeoftheworld'sunspoiltplacesthatarebeautifulbecausetheyhavebeenleftuntouched,andremembertheimportanceofkeepingthempristine.Nunavut,CanadaAuyuittuqNationalPark,whichmeans“thelandthatnevermelts〞,isjustoneoftheshockingwondersinNunavut,Therearemanyicefalls,mountains,anddeepvalleyswhilehikerscrossthe60mAkshayukPassinthesummer.Andthat'sjustoneattraction.Fromnarrowseastomountains,therearethreeareasinNunavut,allwithbeautifulnaturallandfeature.Visitorscanhunt,fish,mountainhike,andwalkacrossiceflows.NamibDesert,NamibiaAcoastaldesertinthesouthernareaofAfrica,itisknownforitsburntorange-goldensands.TheNamibhasbeendryforatleast55millionyearsandpossiblyasmanyas80million.Thenamemeans“vastspace〞,anditspreadsmorethan1200miles.Thehillofsandscanreachupto980feethighand20mileslong.Amazingly,thetemperaturesstrikingagainstcoldcurrentscreateafogbeltthatoftencoversthedesert.AntarcticaPerhapsthelastunspoiltplace,Antareticaisanemptylandscape.Notreesgrowhere,andonemusttravelwithatourismcompanyinordertovisit.Admireicebergs,sealions,whales,andlistentothesoundofabsolutelynothing.Fiordland,NewZealandOneofthemostshockingareasofNewZealand,Fiordlandcanbeseenonfoot,byair,orbywater.TheMilfordTrackisoneofthemostfamouswalks,withthetallestwaterfallinthecountryandimpressivevalleyviews.LakeMonowaiisaglassy,mirrorlikebodyofwatersurroundedbymountainsandbestexploredbyboatingonastillday.1.Huntingandfishingareavailableforvisitorsin_________.A.Nunavut B.NamibDesert C.Antarctica D.Fiordland2.WhatisNamibDesertfamousfor?A.Iceflows. B.Burntsands. C.Highhills. D.Valleyviews.3.Whichwordcanbestdescribeallthefourplaces?A.Unknown. B.Unreachable. C.Unmelted. D.Undamaged.4.Inwhichpartofamagazinecanthispassagebefound?A.Travel. B.Space. C.Opinion. D.Sports.【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个世界上未受到破坏的地方，详细介绍了它们各自的特色和游客可以进行的活动等信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Nunavut,Canada局部中“Visitorscanhunt,fish,mountainhike,andwalkacrossiceflows.(游客可以打猎、钓鱼、爬山、在冰川上行走)〞可知，游客可以在Nunavut狩猎和钓鱼。应选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据NamibDesert,Namibia局部中“AcoastaldesertinthesouthernareaofAfrica,itisknownforitsburntorange-goldensands.(它是非洲南部的一个沿海沙漠，以其焦黄色沙子而闻名)〞可知，NamibDesert以焦黄色沙子闻名。应选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Let'stakealookatsomeoftheworld'sunspoiltplacesthatarebeautifulbecausetheyhavebeenleftuntouched,andremembertheimportanceofkeepingthempristine.(让我们来看看世界上一些未被破坏的地方，它们是美丽的，因为它们一直被保存下来，并记住保持它们原始的重要性)〞可知，文章主要介绍了四个未被破坏的地方，D选项“undamaged(未受损害的)〞最能描述这四个地方。应选D。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Let'stakealookatsomeoftheworld'sunspoiltplacesthatarebeautifulbecausetheyhavebeenleftuntouched,andremembertheimportanceofkeepingthempristine.(让我们来看看世界上一些未被破坏的地方，它们是美丽的，因为它们一直被保存下来，并记住保持它们原始的重要性)〞结合文章主要介绍了四个世界上未受到破坏的地方，详细介绍了它们各自的特色和游客可以进行的活动等信息。可推知，文章可能选自杂志的“旅游〞局部。应选A。BLearningChinesecharacterscanbeahardjobforforeignersandevenforyoungChinese.ThegoodnewsisthatChineseCharacterOriginCards,anewproduct,canmakelearningthemeasyandfun.Canyoupicture108Chinesecharacterssuchasren(person),niao(bird),andlei(thunder)comingaliverightinfrontofyoureyes,tellingyouhowtheyhavedevelopedfromthesymbolscarvedonancientanimalbonesallthewaytowhattheylooklikenow?Thismaysoundimpossible,butit'sjustwhatthecardspromisetheirusers.Thecardswereco-developedbyanAmericanexpertRichardSearsandShiwangme,acompanymainlydevelopingARandAIapplications.“Ilikedtheideaofusing2Danimation,togetherwith3DARtoshowthecorrectorigin(起源)ofChinesecharacterstoChinesechildren,〞saidSears,whodecidedtoworkasaspecialexpertwithShiwangmetodeveloptheproductin2021.“WithSears'syearsofresearchandhisstrongdatabase,weareabletoshowlearnersthedevelopmentofChinesecharacterscorrectly,"saidShiwangmeCEOZhangShuai.TheARfeaturedinthecards“wouldsurelyofferusershigh-techexcitementsandmakethelearningexperiencemuchmorefun〞,Zhangadded.ThecardshavebeenwelcomedinthemarketandSearswontheJinlingFriendshipAward.However,ZhangandSearswon'trestontheirachievements.AccordingtoZhang,thisisonlythefirstsetofcards.Theywillrollouttwomore.Atotalof324ChinesecharacterswillbeincludedtohelpChineselearnersbuildastrongbasis.5.WhatdoweknowaboutChineseCharacterOriginCards?A.Itenjoysalonghistory. B.ItwascreatedbySearsalone.C.Ithas108Chinesecharactersnow. D.Itwasspeciallydesignedforforeigners.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“rollout〞inParagraph5mean?A.Remove. B.Introduce. C.Ignore. D.Revise.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheApplicationsofARAndAIB.TheInventionofChineseCharactersC.RichardSearsWontheJinlingFriendshipAwardD.TechnologyAddsFuntoChineseCharactersLearning【答案】5.C6.B7.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款高科技汉字起源卡片，它可以更好帮助人们学习汉字。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Canyoupicture108Chinesecharacterssuchasren(person),niao(bird),andlei(thunder)comingaliverightinfrontofyoureyes,tellingyouhowtheyhavedevelopedfromthesymbolscarvedonancientanimalbonesallthewaytowhattheylooklikenow?〔你能想象108个汉字，比方“人〞、“鸟〞、“雷〞，活生生地出现在你眼前吗?它们是如何从刻在古代动物骨头上的符号开展到现在的样子的?〕〞可知，汉字起源卡片现有108个汉字。应选C项。【6题详解】词义猜想题。根据文章最后一段“Atotalof324ChinesecharacterswillbeincludedtohelpChineselearnersbuildastrongbasis.〞可知，现有108个汉字但未来有324个汉字帮助学习汉语，可推测，还有两套将要被推出。所以rollout为“推广，推行〞之意与introduce意思一致。应选B项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“ThegoodnewsisthatChineseCharacterOriginCards,anewproduct,canmakelearningthemeasyandfun.〔好消息是，一种新产品，汉字起源卡片，可以使学习汉字变得简单和有趣。〕〞及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一款高科技汉字起源卡片，它可以更好帮助人们学习汉字，科技为汉字学习增添乐趣。所以“TechnologyAddsFuntoChineseCharactersLearning(科技给汉字学习带来了乐趣)〞作为文章标题最为适宜。应选D项。CHowmanyphonenumberscanyourememberbyheart?It’sprobablyfewerthanyouwouldlike.Actually,you’renotalone.Outofmorethan1,000Americanswhoweresurveyed,morethanhalfsaidthattheycouldn’trecallthephonenumbersoftheirfriendsandneighbors.And44%saidthattheycouldn’tremembertheirrelatives’phonenumbers.Intheireyes,thereisnopointinfillingtheirheadswithphonenumbersifthey’reallstoredinsmartphonesthatarewiththemalmostallthetime.Infact,mostpeoplearesufferingfromasortofdigitalamnesia.Morethan90%ofthosesurveyedagreedthattheyusedtheInternetasanonlineextensionoftheirbrains.Rotememorizationwasonceanimportantpartofmoderneducation,butwejustneedaclickorslidenow.That’smakingusworseatrememberingthings.Researchersfoundthatwhenpeopleexpectedtohaveaccesstoinformationonline,theywerelesslikelytorememberactualfacts，butmorelikelytorememberhowtofindthem.Asaresult,wearealreadybecomingonewithourcomputertools,growingintointerconnectedsystemsthatrememberlessbyknowinginformationthanbyknowingwheretheinformationcanbefound.However,somebelieveitisn’tnecessarilyabadthing—maybeitgivesthemmorechancestothinkthroughthings.Wecertainlyhaveaccesstomoreknowledgenowthanever,evenifitisn’tallstoredinourbrains.Evenso,Istillbelievethattherearemoreriskstothisnewworldofmemorybeyondlosingourabilitytorecallsomeinformationsuchaswhothe15thPresidentwas.Thatkindofinformationmayalwaysbeaclickaway,buttheimportantthingsarepersonalones,likethewayyourparentssmiledatyourwedding.It’shardertorecallorfindonline.Ifyou’rerelyingonyourselftokeeptrackofthosememories,theywillbemuchmoremeaningful.8.Paragraph1ismainlyusedto________.A.serveasthebackground B.introducethetopicC.explainnewresearch D.attractreaders’attention9.What’sthemaincauseofpeople’ssufferingfromdigitalamnesia?A.Dealingwithtoomanythings. B.Seldomthinkingaboutquestions.C.RelyingontheInternettoomuch. D.Thechangesoftheirmemories.10.Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A.Over90%peoplearesufferingfromdigitalamnesia.B.Rotememorizationnolongerexistsinmodernlife.C.Peoplecangainknowledgemoreeasilythanbefore.D.Peoplefindithardtorememberhowtofindinformation11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardspeople’smemoriesnow?A.Worried. B.Optimistic. C.Disappointed. D.Confident.【答案】8.B9.C10.C11.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了很多人因依赖网络或来存储、记忆信息导致其对根本信息的记忆力下降，作者对此现象表示担忧。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Outofmorethan1,000Americanswhoweresurveyed,morethanhalfsaidthattheycouldn’trecallthephonenumbersoftheirfriendsandneighbors.And44%saidthattheycouldn’tremembertheirrelatives’phonenumbers.Intheireyes,thereisnopointinfillingtheirheadswithphonenumbersifthey’reallstoredinsmartphonesthatarewiththemalmostallthetime.(在接受调查的1000多名美国人中，超过一半的人说他们想不起朋友和邻居的号码。44%的人说他们不记得亲戚的号码。在他们看来，如果号码都存储在智能里，而且几乎无时无刻不带在身边，那么用这些号码填满他们的脑袋就没有意义了)〞提到了目前一种常见的现象：很多人都不能清楚地记住号码，因为他们认为有存储，大脑就没有必要记忆号码。所以充分说明了对网络的依赖削弱了人们的记忆力。即本段是作为引子，引出了本文讨论的话题。应选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Infact,mostpeoplearesufferingfromasortofdigitalamnesia.Morethan90%ofthosesurveyedagreedthattheyusedtheInternetasanonlineextensionoftheirbrains.Rotememorizationwasonceanimportantpartofmoderneducation,butwejustneedaclickorslidenow.That’smakingusworseatrememberingthings.(事实上，大多数人都患有某种数字健忘症。超过90%的受访者同意他们将互联网作为大脑的在线延伸。死记硬背曾经是现代教育的重要组成局部，但我们现在只需要点击或滑动一下。这让我们的记忆力变差了)〞可知，是人们对网络依赖太多导致了健忘症。应选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Wecertainlyhaveaccesstomoreknowledgenowthanever,evenifitisn’tallstoredinourbrains.(我们现在接触到的知识肯定比以往任何时候都多，即使这些知识并没有全部储存在我们的大脑中)〞可知，人们可以比以前更容易获得知识。应选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Evenso,Istillbelievethattherearemoreriskstothisnewworldofmemorybeyondlosingourabilitytorecallsomeinformationsuchaswhothe15thPresidentwas.(即便如此，我仍然相信这个新的记忆世界存在更多的风险，而不仅仅是丧失回忆一些信息的能力，比方第15任总统是谁)〞可知，作者认为人们记忆力减退有一定的风险性，可推测作者对这一现象是担忧的。应选A。DAnimalsintheArctic,includingreindeerandgoldeneagles,aremigratingearlierduetoclimatechange,sayresearcherswhohavegatheredahugeamountofdatatostudythebehaviorof86Arcticspeciesoverthepastthreedecades.“Wehavetheabilitytokeepoureyesonanimalmovementsonaverylargescale,〞saysEliezerGurarieattheUniversityofMaryland.“Itseemsthatanimalsareunknowinglyreactingandadaptingtoclimaticchanges,andhavebeendoingforyears.〞GurarieandhisteamusedGPSandsatellitestotrackthespringmigrationofmorethan900femalereindeeroverthepast15years.Theydiscoveredthatthefemalesaremigratingtogivebirthaboutadayearlieryearonyear,probablyasaresultofwarmingtemperatures.EarlierbirthingtimescanberiskyinnorthernpartsoftheArctic,saysteammemberGilBohreratOhioStateUniversity.“Therearehigherchancesoftheirchildrenfacingstrongandunexpectedstorms,〞hesays.Iftheydo,manywilldiebecausetheycannotdealwithextremeconditions.Similarly,goldeneagles—whichusuallynestintheArcticarea—havebeenstartingtheirspringmigrationhalfadayearliereachyearoverthepast25years.“Theday-to-daychangeofclimateisverysmall,〞saysBohrer.“Tounderstandhowanimalsreacttoclimatechange,youneedaverylongperiodofobservation—somethingthathasonlyrecentlybeenpossible.〞Theresearchers’archiveofArcticanimalmovementcurrentlycoversmorethan15milliondatapointsrelatedto8000animals.“Ourarchivecanhelptoadvisemanagementmethodstopreserveendangeredspecies,asclimatechangeonlybecomesmoreextreme,〞saysBohrer.12.WhatcanweconcludefromGurarie’swords?A.Researcherscanguideanimalmovements.B.Animalscanadapttoclimatechangeeasily.C.Animalsdon’tknowhowtoreacttothechanges.D.Earliermigrationisanimals’reactiontowarmerclimate.13Whatisapossiblebadeffectofanimals’givingbirthearlier?A.Childrenhavelessopportunitytosurvive. B.Therewillbemoreunexpectedstorms.C.Fewerchildrenwillbedelivered. D.Theymaymigrateearlierinspring.14.WhatdoesBohrerwanttostressinParagraph5?A.Thesmallchangeofclimate. B.Thechallengeoftheresearch.C.Thepossibilityofobservinganimals. D.Thepurposeoftheresearch.15.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Theobservationofanimals. B.Newly-foundanimalsindanger.C.Thediscoveryofanimals’migratingearlier. D.Animals’extinctioncausedbyglobalwarming.【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。本文主要讲述了一项研究发现北极地区的动物由于天气变化较早的迁移，文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及此项研究的意义。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Itseemsthatanimalsareunknowinglyreactingandadaptingtoclimaticchanges,andhavebeendoingforyears.(似乎动物在不知不觉中对气候变化做出反响和适应，并且已经这样做了多年)〞可知，从Gurarie的话中可以推断出，更早的迁徙是动物对温暖气候的反响。应选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“EarlierbirthingtimescanberiskyinnorthernpartsoftheArctic,saysteammemberGilBohreratOhioStateUniversity.“Therearehigherchancesoftheirchildrenfacingstrongandunexpectedstorms,〞hesays.Iftheydo,manywilldiebecausetheycannotdealwithextremeconditions.(俄亥俄州立大学的团队成员GilBohrer说，在北极北部地区，提早生育可能会有风险。他说：“它们的孩子更有可能面临强烈的、意想不到的风暴。〞如果它们这样做了，许多幼崽会因为无法应对极端条件而死亡)〞可知，早出生的动物存活下来的时机更低。应选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中““Theday-to-daychangeofclimateisverysmall,〞saysBohrer.“Tounderstandhowanimalsreacttoclimatechange,youneedaverylongperiodofobservation—somethingthathasonlyrecentlybeenpossible.〞(“气候的日常变化很小，〞Bohrer说，“要了解动物对气候变化的反响，你需要很长时间的观察——这是最近才可能做到的。〞)〞可推断，本段强调了研究的困难，观察动物对气候的变化不容易。应选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“AnimalsintheArctic,includingreindeerandgoldeneagles,aremigratingearlierduetoclimatechange(由于气候变化，北极的动物，包括驯鹿和金鹰在内的北极动物正在提前迁徙)〞结合本文主要讲述了一项研究发现北极地区的动物由于天气变化较早的迁移，文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及此项研究的意义。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲了动物提前迁徙的发现。应选C。第二节(共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ForgivenessToforgiveisavirtue,butnoonehaseversaiditiseasy.Whensomeonehasdeeplyhurtyou,itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourhate.However,forgivenessispossible,anditcanbesurprisinglybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth.Peoplewhoforgiveshowlesssadness,angerandstressandmorehopefulness,accordingtoarecentresearch.___16___Trythefollowingsteps：Calmyourself.___17___Youcantakeacoupleofbreathsandthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure:abeautifulsceneinnature,orsomeoneyoulove.Don’twaitforanapology.Manytimesthepersonwhohurtyoudoesnotintendtoapologize.Theymayhavewantedtohurtyouortheyjustdon’tseethingsthesameway.___18___Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanbecomingfriendsagainwiththepersonwhoupsetyou.Takethecontrolawayfromyouroffender(冒犯者).Rethinkingaboutyourhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausedyoupain.Insteadoffocusingonyourwoundedfeelings,learntolookforthelove,beautyandkindnessaroundyou.___19___Ifyouunderstandyouroffender,youmayrealizethatheorshewasactingoutofunawareness,fear,andevenlove.Youmaywanttowritealettertoyourselffromyouroffender’spointofview.Don’tforgettoforgiveyourself.___20___Butitcanrobyouofyourself­confidenceifyoudon’tdoit.AWhyshouldyouforgive?B.Howshouldyoustarttoforgive?C.Recognizethebenefitsofforgiveness.D.Trytoseethingsfromyouroffender’sangle.E.Forsomepeople,forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge.F.Tomakeyourangerdieaway,tryasimplestress­managementtechnique.G.Ifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize,youcouldbewaitinganawfullylongtime.【答案】16.B17.F18.G19.D20.E【解析】【分析】文章是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了人们宽恕他人的方法和途径。【16题详解】根据第一段的内容和“Trythefollowingsteps〞可知，接下来是提的建议，故空白处是问“应该怎样原谅他人呢？〞之类的话。起承上启下的作用，应选B。【17题详解】根据Calmyourself(要冷静)和takeacoupleofbreaths(深呼吸)可知，这里讲的是，要学会舒缓愤怒，让自己平静下来。F选项Tomakeyourangerdieaway,tryasimplestress-managementtechnique.让愤怒逐渐消散，尝试一个简单的压力管理技巧，符合，应选F。【18题详解】根据第一句“Don'twaitforanapology.〞可知，不能等待他人的原谅，G选项Ifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize,youcouldbewaitinganawfullylongtime.如果等他人来抱歉，你可能会等相当长的时间，G项与waitfor有关，应选G。【19题详解】根据IfIfyouunderstandyouroffender,youmayrealizethatheorshewasactingoutofunawareness,fear,andevenlove.可知，如果你理解惹怒你的人，你可能会意识到他是无意伤害你的，应该站在对方的角度考虑一下。D选项Trytoseethingsfromyouroffender'sangle.试着站在对方的角度思考问题.，符合。应选D。【20题详解】根据“Don'tforgettoforgiveyourself.〞和“...robyouofyourself-confidenceifyoudon’tdoit〞可知，最后一段说的是，要学会自我原谅，E项“对一些人来说，原谅他们自己是最大的挑战〞符合语境。应选E。第三局部语言知识运用〔共两节,总分值45分〕第一节〔共15小题；每题2分，总分值30分〕阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项Hansenandhis10-year-oldsonChasesearchthestreetsofSaltLakeCityeveryweekendforthehomelesstotaketolunch.TheystartedProjectEmpathy(共情)fouryearsagoto____21____ameal,listentotheirstoriesandfiguredouthowtheycould____22____help.“Juststartwithasmile,ahello.Itreallyjuststartswiththat.Ifyoudoit,youcanmakeaconnection.Asmallgesturecanhavea____23____impactonotherslessfortunate,〞Hansen____24____inaninterview.Someofthesesharedmealshaveturnedintostronger____25____.Ward,ahomeless,was____26____inaflat.HecreditedtheHansenswithhelpinghim____27____thedifficultprocessofmovingoffthestreets.“Itisgreattohavefriendswhomakeusfeel____28____andI’mimpressedwiththepair,〞Wardsaid.Fatherandson’s____29____havedevelopedintoapassionprojectthat_____30_____faithandcommunity,whichemphasizesthe_____31_____communitymemberscanhaveinupliftingthehomeless.Theyknowtheycan’tsettlethehomeless_____32_____alone.They’rehopingempathywill_____33_____“Myhopeforthefutureisto_____34_____moreconnectionacrossourcountry.Wecouldandwewillsucceed_____35_____wehaveotherpeoplejoininandhelpthehomeless,〞Chasesaid.21.A.buy B.cook C.share D.eat22.A.often B.further C.also D.even23.A.dramatic B.different C.minimum D.decisive24.A.commented B.praised C.joked D.quoted25.A.desires B.connections C.motivations D.opinions26.A.provided B.permitted C.abandoned D.housed27.A.through B.for C.despite D.to28.A.surprised B.anxious C.awesome D.annoyed29.A.dreams B.influences C.experiences D.efforts30.A.assesses B.compares C.highlights D.respects31.A.importance B.task C.chance D.role32.A.argument B.problem C.debt D.conflict33.A.goaway B.catchon C.workout D.giveoff34.A.spread B.miss C.exchange D.maintain35.A.before B.until C.if D.so【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.A25.B26.D27.A28.C29.D30.D31.D32.B33.B34.A35.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了汉森父子成立“共情〞工程帮助无家可归者的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：四年前，他们开始了“移情工程〞(ProjectEmpathy)，共进晚餐，倾听他们的故事，并想方法进一步提供帮助。A.buy买；B.cook烹饪；C.share分享；D.eat吃。根据下文的“Someofthesesharedmealshaveturnedintostronger(5)Ward〞可知，此处用“共享〞符合语境，share是词汇复现。应选C。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：四年前，他们开始了“移情工程〞(ProjectEmpathy)，共进晚餐，倾听他们的故事，并想方法进一步提供帮助。A.often经常；B.further进一步；C.also也；D.even甚至。结合上下文可知，此处是指除了给那些无家可归的人分享食物和听他们讲述自己的事情外，父子两如何为他们提供进一步的帮助。应选B。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：汉森在接受采访时说：“一个小小的举动就会对那些不幸的人产生巨大的影响。〞A.dramatic巨大的，戏剧性的；B.different不同的；C.minimum最小的；D.decisive决定性的。根据后文的描述，并结合此处与前文的small相对可知，表达小小的举动却能产生大大的影响。应选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：汉森在接受采访时说：“一个小小的举动就会对那些不幸的人产生巨大的影响。〞。A.commented评论；B.praised赞美；C.joked开玩笑；D.quoted引用。此处用了汉森采访时说的一句话，故用“commented〞符合语境。应选A。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一些共享的食物已经变成了更强的联系。A.desires愿望；B.connections联系；C.motivations动机；D.opinions意见。根据上文的“Ifyoudoit,youcanmakeaconnection.〞可知，此处是信息词connection的词汇复现。应选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：沃德是个无家可归的人，被安置在一间公寓里。A.provided提供；B.permitted允许；C.abandoned抛弃；D.housed给提供住处。根据“inaflat〞可知，此处是指汉森父子给沃德提供了一间公寓用来居住。应选D。【27题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：他感谢汉森一家帮助他度过了摆脱街头生活的艰难过程。A.through通过；B.for为了；C.despite尽管；D.to向，对于。结合“thedifficultprocess〞可知，此处through符合语境。应选A。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：沃德说:“能有让我们感觉很棒的朋友真是太好了，我对他们俩印象深刻。〞A.surprised惊讶的；B.anxious焦虑的；C.awesome令人惊叹的；D.annoyed恼怒的。结合上下文可知，汉森父子帮助无家可归的人，和他们共享食物，给他们提供住所等，这让他们感觉非常好。应选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：父子俩的努力已经开展成为一个充满激情的工程，它尊重信仰和社区，强调社区成员在提升无家可归者方面可以发挥的作用。A.dreams梦想；B.influences影响；C.experiences经历；D.efforts努力。此处是指父子两帮助无家可归的人的努力，影响了周围的人。应选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：父子俩的努力已经开展成为一个充满激情的工程，它尊重信仰和社区，强调社区成员在提升无家可归者方面可以发挥的作用。A.assesses评估；B.compares比拟；C.highlights强调；D.respects尊重。根据下文的“whichemphasizesthe(11)communitymemberscanhaveinupliftingthehomeless〞可知，此处highlight和emphasize是同义词，符合语境。应选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：父子俩的努力已经开展成为一个充满激情的工程，它尊重信仰和社区，强调社区成员在提升无家可归者方面可以发挥的作用。A.importance重要性；B.task任务；C.chance时机；D.role角色。此处是指社区的每个成员都可以帮助无家可归的人，即每个人都可以充当帮助别人的角色。应选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们知道自己无法单独解决无家可归者的问题。A.argument争论；B.problem问题；C.debt债务；D.conflict争端。根据常识可知，无家可归是一个社会问题。应选B。【33题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们希望“共情〞可以变得流行。A.goaway走开；B.catchon变得流行；C.workout计算出，锻炼；D.giveoff散发〔光、热、气味〕。根据上文的“Theyknowtheycan'tsettlethehomeless(12)alone.〞可推知，他们希望“共情〞这个工程可以变得流行，这样可以让更多的人来帮助无家可归者。应选B。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对未来的希望是在全国范围内传播更多的联系。A.spread传播；B.miss思念，错过；C.exchange交流；D.maintain维持。根据下文的“acrossourcountry〞可知此处用“传播〞符合语境。应选A。【35题详解】考查附属连词辨析。句意：如果我们让其他人参加进来帮助无家可归的人，我们就可以，也一定会成功。A.before在……之前；B.until直到；C.if如果；D.so因此。结合前后文语境可知，此处应用if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果〞。应选C。第二节语法填空〔共10小题;每题1.5分，总分值15分〕阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适宜的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Earthquakesarequitecommon.Infact,thousandsofearthquakesarehappeningalmostateverymoment.However,mostof____36____(they)aretooweaktofeel.Duringabigearthquake,thereisoftenabignoisefirst.Thentheearthshakes____37____(terrible)andmanyhousesfalldown.Asoneofthemostdeadlynaturaldisastersintheworld,theearthquakeoftenresult____38____manypeoplebeinginjuredorkilled.In2021,aterribleearthquake____39____(strike)China’sSichuanProvince,causingseverecasualties.Besidesthegreatdamageanddeaths____40____(cause)bytheearthquake,otheraccidentssuchasfiresoftenfollow.Morebuildingsmaybedamagedandmoreinjuriesmaybecaused.For____41____(century),peoplehavebeenmakingstudiesofearthquakes.About2,000yearsago,forexample,____42____ChinesescientistnamedZhangHenginventedamachine____43____couldfindoutthedirectionwheretheearthquakewavescame.Withtherapid____44____(develop)ofmodernscienceandtechnology,wenowknowalotmoreaboutearthquakes.However,itisstilldifficultforscientists_____45_____(predict)exactlywhenandwheretheearthquakewillhappen,andcan’tstopitfromhappening.【答案】36.them37.terribly38.in39.struck40.caused41.centuries42.a43.which/that44.development45.topredict【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍世界上最致命的自然灾害之一——地震，和它给人们带来的灾难以及为预防地震科学家所付出的努力。【36题详解】考查人称代词宾格。句意：然而，他们中的大多数人太弱了，感觉不到。介词of后面用代词宾格，此处指“他们中的大多数〞，在句中作主语。故填them。【37题详解】考查副词修饰动词。句意：然后，大地可怕地震动，许多房屋倒塌。句中shakes是谓语动词，由副词修饰，所给词terrible是形容词，其副词是terribly。故填terribly。【38题详解】考查动词短语。句意：作为世界上最致命的自然灾害之一，地震经常导致许多人受伤或死亡。动词短语：resultin“导致，结果是〞。故填in。【39题详解】考查一般过去时。句意：在2021年，一场可怕的地震袭击了中国四川省，造成严重的人员伤亡。根据In2021,可知句子用一般过去时，动词strike的过去式是struck。故填struck。【40题详解】考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：除了地震造成的巨大破坏和死亡，其他事故如火灾经常随之而来。句中thegreatdamageanddeaths和动词cause之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故填caused。【41题详解】考查名词复数。句意：几个世纪以来，人们一直在研究地震。所给词century是可数名词，这里指“几个世纪〞，所以用名词复数。故填centuries。【42题详解】考查不定冠词。句意：例如，大约2000年前，一位名叫张衡的中国科学家创造了一种机器，这种机器可以知道地震波来的方向。这里表示泛指，用不定冠词a表示“一个〞名叫张衡的科学家。故填a。【43题详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：例如，大约2000年前，一位名叫张衡的中国科学家创造了一种机器，这种机器可以知道地震波来的方向。此处machine作先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作主语，由关系代词引导定语从句。故填which/that。【44题详解】考查名词。句意：随着现代科学技术的快速开展，我们现在对地震有了更多的了解。句中rapid是形容词，修饰名词，所给词develop是动词，其名词是development。故填development。【45题详解】考查不定式作主语。句意：然而，对科学家来说，准确预测地震发生的时间和地点，并不能阻止它的发生仍然是困难的。句中it是形式主语，动词不定式是真正在的主语。故填topredict。写作〔共三节，总分值35分〕第一节词汇〔共10小题；每题1分，总分值10分〕根据句子上下文及所给的中