高中英语北师大版选择性必修一UNIT 2 Period 5　Lesson 2 Lesson 3-Language Points

Period5Lesson2&Lesson3—LanguagePointsⅠ.单词拼写1．YuanLongpingcommittedhimselftoimprovingtheproductionofhishybridrice.2．Thewriterfeltfortunatetofindapublisher(出版商)whowouldliketogiveherachance.3．Buyingfurnitureforyourhousewillcostyouaminimum(最小值)of50,000yuan.4．Itshockedpeoplethatthewholecitylayinruins(废墟)aftertheextremelyseriousearthquake.5．Theboyworkedharddayandnightbuthewasstilljustbelowaverage，whichupsethimalot.6．Youshouldfindapracticalwaytosolvetheproblem；don’tgotoextremes(极端)．7．Theintensity(强度)ofthehurricanewasextraordinaryandpeoplehadtoseeksheltersfromit.8．Thesetriathletestrainedharddayandnighttobecomeoutstanding(优秀的)．9．Scientistsarestrivingforabreakthroughindefendinghumanbeingsagainstcancers.10．Mostobviously，themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelswhentheyhadskipped(跳过)breakfast.Ⅱ.词形变化填空1．MrSmith，apoliticalscienceprofessorinanacademy，isaninfluentialfigureandhasagreatinfluenceonthelocalpolitics.(influence)2．HavingdevotedallhislifetoChina’seducationcause，heisreallyadevotededucationalistandhisdevotionishighlyappreciatedbyallChinesepeople.(devote)3．Havingbeenrejectedmanytimes，hewasjustfedupwithanotherjobrejectionanddeterminedtoseekhisfortuneoutsidetown.(reject)4．Thoughtheexplanationhegaveseemedconvincing，Marywasnotconvincedtobelieveinhim，feelinghewasnotsoreliable.(convince)5．Yourmotivatingspeechwillmotivatemorepeopletomakesacrificesforourcountry.Ibelievethemotivatedyoungmenareboundtomakegreatercontributionstotheworldpeace.(motivate)Ⅲ.完成句子1．我想她缺席是有充分理由的，因为她很少未经批准就离开工作。Ithinkthereisagoodreasonforherabsenceassherarelystaysawayfromworkwithoutapproval.2．有些父母担心自己的孩子在校园里有被欺凌的危险。Someparentsareworriedthattheirchildrenwillbeindangerofbeingbulliedoncampus.3．为了实现儿时的梦想，我每天都在忙于为将来做好准备。Inordertofulfilmychildhooddream，Iambusypreparingmyselfforthefuturealldays.4．无论你喜欢做什么，在“地球日”这一天有一种方式可以参与各种活动。Nomatterwhatyouliketodo，thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvariousactivitiesonEarthDay.5．了解一些基本的急救技巧将有助于你在紧急情况下快速做出反应。Knowingsomebasicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.devotevt.把……奉献给；专心致力于(devotedadj.挚爱的；忠实的，忠诚的devotionn．奉献；关爱；忠诚)•devote...to(doing)．..把……用在/献给(做)某事上devoteoneselfto献身于；致力于•bedevotedto(doing)sth献身于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事单句语法填空/句式升级/单句写作(1)Sheisagoodwifeanddevotedmother，whohasgivenupherowncareeranddevotedallherlifetoherchildrenandhusband.Fortunately，herdevotionpaidoffwhenallherthreesonswereadmittedtothePekingUniversity.(devote)(2)Theprofessordevotedhimselftobringing(bring)ancientChineseliteraturebacktolife.(3)(记叙文之写人)Hedevotedhimselftocommunityactivitiesandwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.①Devotinghimselftocommunityactivities，hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)②Devotedtocommunityactivities，hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)(4)只有专注于自己的目标，你才能把理想变成现实。Onlyifyoudevoteyourself/aredevotedtoyourgoalcanyoumakeyourdreamareality/cometrue.limitvt.&n．限制，限定(limitedadj.有限(制)的limitlessadj.无限的limitationn．局限，缺陷；限制)•limit...to...把……限定在……范围内•beyondthelimit超过限制withinlimits/withinthelimitof在一定程度内setalimitto/onsth对某事(物)加以限制thereisa/nolimitto...对……是有限的/无限的•belimitedtosth受限于某事单句语法填空/完成句子/单句写作(1)JustasLeiFengoncesaid，“Aman’slifeislimited，butthereisnolimittoservingthepeople.Iwilldevotemylimitedlifetothelimitlessjobofservingthepeople.”(limit)(2)Effectiveasyourproposalis，thereisonebiglimitation(limit)thatwelackfinancialsupport.(3)Toreducetheenormouscostofproduction，themillionairelimitedhisemployeestonomorethan100andsetalimitto/ontheirleisuretime.Onceitwasbeyondthelimit，someemployeeswouldbefired.为了减少巨大的生产成本，这个百万富翁把员工限制在100人以内，并且限制了大家的休息时间。一旦超出限制，有些员工就会被解雇。(4)要求文章的长度限制在400词左右。Itisrequiredthatthelengthofthearticle(should)belimitedto400wordsorso.convincevt.使确信；使信服；说服，劝说(convincedadj.确信的；深信的convincingadj.令人信服的)•convincesbtodosth说服某人做某事convincesbofsth使某人相信某事•beconvincedof/that...相信……单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级(1)Ittookushalfanhourtoconvincetheprofessortodelay(delay)thedeadlineofthepaper.(2)Theboyfeltdepressedthathecouldn’tconvincehisfatherofhishonesty.(3)Hispresentationwassoconvincing(convince)thatIimmediatelybecamehisfollower.(4)(应用文写作之演讲稿)Iamconvincedthatwearesuretosucceedwithpassionandcommitment.有热情，有投入，我相信我们一定会成功的。(5)Iwasnotconvincedofwhathehadsaid，soItookadefensiveattitudeandrejectedhisinvitation.(形容词短语作状语)→Notconvincedofwhathehadsaid，Itookadefensiveattitudeandrejectedhisinvitation.ruinvt.毁掉；使破产；糟蹋，毁坏n．废墟；毁灭•lie/beinruins破败不堪；严重受损fallintoruin破败不堪；成为废墟；衰落•ruinone’shope/chance/friendship/future毁掉某人的希望/机会/友谊/未来ruinoneself自我毁灭单句语法填空/完成句子/单句写作(1)Whatsaddeneduswasthattheheritagesitefellintoruininaninstantintheearthquake.(2)Thefloodruinedcropsinthefield，andmanybuildingslayinruins.洪水毁坏了田里的庄稼，许多建筑物也变成了废墟。(3)Theyoungmanisanalcoholic，andhewillruinhimselfbydrinkingtoomuchsoonerorlater.这个年轻人是个酒鬼，他迟早会因为喝太多酒毁了自己。(4)不要让小小的分歧破坏了你们的友谊。Don’tletasmalldisagreementruinyourfriendship.apartadj.&adv.分开；散开setsb/sthapart(from)使……(和……)与众不同tell...apart把……区分开takeapart拆卸开fallapart破裂；破碎；崩溃apartfrom除了……外；此外用apart短语的正确形式填空(1)Itisthecompetitor’spersistenceratherthanheroutstandingperformancethatsetsherapartfromothers.(2)Whatdepressedthemedicalstudentwasthatshecouldn’ttellsomeChineseherbsapart.(3)Ultimately，theircountryfellapartbecauseofpoliticalconflicts.(4)Mylittlesonusedtotakeapartallhistoycarsthemomenthegotthem.(5)Apartfromtheinjuriestohisfaceandhands，hebrokebothlegs.averageadj.平均的；平庸的，普通的；中等的n.平均数；平均水平vt.平均为；计算出……的平均数above/belowaverage高/低于平均水平on(the/an)average平均；一般地withanaverageof平均为写出下列句子中average的词性与汉语意思/完成语段(1)Itisreportedthattheaverageincomeofnewgraduatesismorethan5,000yuan.adj.平均的(2)Freddywasanaveragestudent，butnotanaverageperson.adj.普通的，平庸的(3)Asurveyshowsparentsspendanaverageof$220ayearontoysinShanghai.n.平均数(4)DriversinLondoncanexpecttoaverageabout12milesperhour.v.平均为(5)Hewasinhisthirtiesandofaverageheight.adj.中等的(6)Therewere90studentsgettingfullmarksintheEnglishexam，withanaverageof18studentsineachclass.Jane’swasaboveaveragewhileJohn’swasbelowaverage，whichmadehisteacherdisappointed.本次英语考试共有90名学生得了满分，平均每个班级有18名同学。简的成绩高于平均分，但是约翰的却低于平均分，这让老师很失望。applyoneselftosth努力；专心致志于某事[applyv．申请；适用；应用，将……投入applicationn．申请(书)；应用applicantn．申请人]applytodo申请做……apply(to...)for...(向……)申请……applyto适用于；与……有关apply...to...把……运用到……；把……涂到……单句语法填空/完成语段(1)Ihadappliedtothecompanyforapositionbutwasrejectedbyit.(2)Theapplicantexpressedhiswilltobeavolunteerinthefloodedareainhisapplication.(apply)(3)(应用文写作之申请信)Iamwritingtoapplytobeavolunteerinyourorganization.Asanretiredteacher，Icanapplymyteachingexperiencetothevoluntarywork.Apartfromit，Ihaveenoughfreetimetoapplymyselftothework.Iwouldbegratefulifyoucouldtakemyapplicationintoaccount/consideration.我写信申请成为你们组织的一名志愿者。作为一名退休的老师，我可以把我的教学经验运用到志愿者工作中。除此之外，我有充分的时间来专注于这项工作。如果您能考虑我的申请我将不胜感激。“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”句型教材原句Followthefivesecretsandyouwillsucceed！遵循这五个秘密，你就会成功！(P108)本句是“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”句型。该句型中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and/or/otherwise之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。单句语法填空/一句多译(1)Abitmoreeffortandyouwillsettletheproblem.(2)Startworkinghardfromnowon，otherwise/oryou’llregretsoon.(3)如果你努力学习，以后你会感激自己的。①Workhard，andyouwillbegratefultoyourselfafterwards.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)②Ifyouworkhard，youwillbegratefultoyourselfafterwards.(含if条件句的复合句)③Workinghard，youwillbegratefultoyourselfafterwards.(现在分词短语作状语)“情态动词＋havedone”结构教材原句Icouldhavebecomeangryordefensive.我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。(P36)本句中的“couldhavebecome”表示“本能够做却没有做”。常用的“情态动词＋havedone”结构还有如下几种：shouldhavedone表示“本该做却没有做”shouldn’thavedone表示“本不该做而实际上已经做了”needn’thavedone表示“本没必要做却做了”musthavedone表示对过去的肯定猜测，意为“一定做了”can’t/couldn’thavedone表示对过去的否定猜测，意为“不可能做过”完成句子(1)Thatcompetitorcouldhavewonthechampionshipinthefinal，butunfortunately，hegotinjured.那个参赛者本来能够在决赛中夺冠的，但是不幸的是他受伤了。(2)Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youshouldn’thavelefthomewithoutaword.你让我急死了。你不该一句话也不讲就离开家。(3)Heshouldhaveappliedhimselftohisschoolwork，buthewasdistractedbysocialnetworking.他本该专注于他的学业的，但是却因为社交网络而分心。(4)Weneedn’thavebeensohurried，becausewehadplentyoftime.我们本不必那么匆忙，因为我们有足够的时间。(5)Shecouldn’t/can’thaveleftschool，forherbicycleisstillhere.她不可能已经离开学校了，因为她的自行车还在这儿呢。Ⅰ.一词多义快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加黑词汇对应的意思applyeq\x(A.涂抹；敷B.申请C.应用D.努力；专注于)1．Interestedinthisinternationalnetwork，Iamwritingtoapplyforitsmembership.B2．Thenewtechnologyhasbeenappliedtofarmingandgreatlyincreasedtheproduction.C3．Topreventfrombeingsun-burnt，you’dbetterapplythesunscreamevenlytoyourfaceandneck.A4．Don’tdisturbhim.Hehasbeenapplyinghimselftohisnewexperimentforawholeday.Druineq\x(A.v.毁坏；毁掉B.v.使破产C.n.废墟)5．Ifyoudon’twanttoruinyourhealth，pleasegiveupsmokingassoonaspossible.A6．Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.C7．Afamousactresswaschargedwithtaxevasion(逃税)andthecasealmostruinedher.BⅡ.熟词生义快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思1．Youneedtosubmityourentrybythe1stofAugust.参赛作品2．Shekeptskippingfromonetopictoanotherveryquickly.快速转移(话题等)3．Hearingtheannoyingnews，hewasboilingwithrage.发怒Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thoseastronautsdevotedalltheirlifetoexploring(explore)thespace.2．Lastterm，myfathermetwithatrafficaccident，andhisrightleggotinjured(injure)seriously.3．Ourfundswerelimited(limit)，andnoneofthehousesinourpricerangeseemedsatisfactory.4．Havingbeenwarnedcountless(count)times，theboystilltreatsothersrudely.5．Thisproduction(produce)ofShakespeare’sTheMerchantofVenicemarkstheirfirstvisittotheUK.6．Thereseemedtobelotsofdistractions(distract)intheofficeandIcouldn’tfocus.7．Itupsethimthathisnewbookwasnotasinfluential(influence)ashehadexpected.8．Hetoldusthatawarmseawouldchangetheintensity(intense)ofhurricanes.9．Wemuststrivetoseize(seize)andmakefullofeveryopportunitytoimproveourselves.10．Whathehadsaidwassoconvincing(convince)thatmanypeoplemadeancommitmenttofollowhim.Ⅱ.选词填空eq\x(limit...to...，set...apartfrom，onaverage，applyoneselfto，aminimumof)1．Accordingtotherules，allspeechesshouldbelimitedtofiveminutes.2．Tojointheclub，youhavetoundertaketobuyaminimumofsixbooksayear.3．Itisreportedthatsmokingreducesthelifeexpectancybyaround2yearsonaverage.4．Beingextremelypersistentandself-disciplinedwillsetyouapartfrommostaveragepeople.5．TheforeignstudentappliedhimselftolearningChineseandsoonhecouldspeakitwithfluency.Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——申请做志愿者)1．中国国画展将在你们艺术馆举行，我写信申请成为一名志愿者。(applytodo)IamwritingtoapplytobeavolunteerfortheChinesePaintingExhibitionwhichwillbeheldinyourartgallery.2．我相信我一定能胜任这项工作。(beconvincedthat...)IamconvincedthatIcanbeabsolutelyqualifiedforthejob.3．一方面，我从小就投入到学习中国画中；另一方面，我的英语和汉语都很流畅，所以能跟外国朋友自由交谈。(applyoneselfto)Ontheonehand，IhaveappliedmyselftolearningChinesepaintingsincechildhood；ontheotherhand，IamfluentinbothChineseandEnglish，whichcanenablemetocommunicatefreelywithforeigners.4．除此之外，我还有很强的合作意识和团队精神。(apartfrom)Apartfromthese，Ialsohaveastrongsenseofcooperationandteamspirit.5．给我一次机会，我会给你一个大大的惊喜。期盼你的早日回复。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)Givemeachance，andIwillgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Ⅳ.阅读理解(2023·山东烟台高二上期中)ArticleContest—TeensMakingaDifference!Nomatteryourageorwhatyourlifeis，youcanalwaysmakeadifference.TeenInkknowsthis，andsodoesNatalieSilverstein—authorofSimpleActs：TheBusyTeen’sGuidetoMakingaDifference!Forthiscontest，wewanttoknowwhatsimpleactsyou’vedonetomakeadifference!Pleaseclickhereforonlineregistration.Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.Rules：Youmustbeateen(aged13－19)withaTeenInkaccounttoenter.Submissions(提交)mustrelatetothetopic(TeensMakingaDifference)．Articlesmustbebetween250－350words.Deadline：December31thisyearGuidelinesandDetails：There’snosizelimittoanactofkindness—itdoesn’tmatterhowbigorsmallyouractofkindnessis，wewanttohearaboutit!Thereisnolimittothenumberofpiecesyoucansubmit.HowtoSubmit：Submitentriesthroughourwebsite.Otherformsofsubmissionwillnotbeaccepted.AllentriessubmittedtoTeenInkareautomatically(自动)consideredforthecontest.Mustincludethewords“ArticleContest”inyoursubmission’stags(标签)andtitle.Prizes：WinnerandhonorablementionswillhavetheirarticlespublishedinTeenInkmagazine.OverallwinnerwillreceiveacopyofNatalieSilverstein’sbook，SimpleActs：TheBusyTeen’sGuidetoMakingaDifferenceanda$25Amazongiftcard.语篇解读这是一篇应用文。文章讲述了参加《青少年与众不同！》文章竞赛的须知、规则、报名截止期限等信息。1．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Aguidebook.B．Awebpage.C．Abookreview.D．Anewsreport.答案B解析文章出处题。根据第一段最后一句“Pleaseclickhereforonlineregistration.”可知，文章应是来自一个网页上的内容。故选B。2．Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?A．Mailingyourentry.B．Writinga320-wordarticle.C．Submitting2entries.D．UploadingyourentryonNovember28.答案A解析细节理解题。根据“HowtoSubmit”部分中“Submitentriesthroughourwebsite.Otherformsofsubmissionwillnotbeaccepted.”可知，提交作品仅限于在网站提交，其他方式都不被接受。故选A。3．Whatistheprizeforeachhonorablementionwinner?A．They’llgetagiftcard.B．They’llbepresentedwithabook.C．Theirarticleswillappearinamagazine.D．TheirworkswillberecommendedbyNatalieSilverstein.答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中“WinnerandhonorablementionswillhavetheirarticlespublishedinTeenInkmagazine.”可知，荣誉奖得主的作品将登载在《青少年墨水》杂志上。故选C。Ⅴ.完形填空Fourth-grader，SarahHaycox，madeithermissiontorightawrong.Andindoingso，shehasshowntheworldwhatone1person，withpassion，cando.Oneday，when2byanathleticfieldnearherschool，Sarahnoticedasmall3withthenameEdwinT．Prattandtheyear1930－1969onit.She4whohewasandwhathedid.Aftersome5，shelearnedthathewasacivilrightsleaderwhohaddonemanygoodthingsto6others.Sadly，hewas7justbecausesomeonedisagreedwithwhathewasdoing.Feelingthatthesmallmemorialwas8bigenoughforamanwhohadsomuch9onothers，Sarah10todosomething!Therewasanew11goingupnearbyforyoungkids.Shefoundoutwhowere12thebuildingprojectandaskedthemifitcouldbenamedafterMrPratt.Throughgreatefforts，hervisioncametoreality!Almost50yearsafterhisdeath，EdwinPratt’slifeandimpactwillbecelebratedasthenameofthenewschool.MostkidssimplyhadwalkedbythememorialwithoutthinkingaboutwhoMrPrattwas.ButSarahhadthe13tolearnmore，thevisiontoimaginesomethingbetterandthecourageto14heridea.Heramazingactionshave15manyotheryoungpeoplearoundtheworld.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公Sarah通过自己的努力，让一个已经被人们忘记的民权领袖重新被人们纪念的故事。1．A.honest B．youngC．clever D．shy答案B解析honest诚实的；young年轻的；clever聪明的；shy害羞的。上文提到“四年级的SarahHaycox”，由此可知应是年轻人。故选B。2．A.walking B．runningC．riding D．driving答案A解析根据最后一段第一句“MostkidssimplyhadwalkedbythememorialwithoutthinkingaboutwhoMrPrattwas.”可知，此处指她“走过”运动场。故选A。3．A.museum B．roomC．board D．memorial答案D解析museum博物馆；room房间；board董事会，木板；memorial纪念碑。根据最后一段第一句中的memorial可知，此处应指她注意到一个小“纪念碑”。故选D。4．A.forgot B．realizedC．wondered D．explained答案C解析forget忘记；realize意识到；wonder想知道；explain解释。根据第三段第一句可知，她最后知道了纪念碑主人的身份。故可推知，此处表示她“想知道”他是谁，他做了什么。故选C。5．A.discussion B．researchC．practice D．thought答案B解析discussion讨论；research研究，调查；practice实践；thought思考，认为。依据后面她得知的结果，说明是在“研究，调查”后得知的。故选B。6．A.teach B．rescueC．help D．repay答案C解析teach教学；rescue营救，解救；help帮助；repay回报。根据上文可知，EdwinT．Pratt是一位民权领袖。由人们给他树立了纪念碑及空前“haddonemanygoodthings”可知，他做过很多好事帮助别人。故选C。7．A.killed B．punishedC．blamed D．arrested答案A解析kill杀死；punish惩罚；blame谴责，惩罚；arrest逮捕。下文提到有人不同意他的做法，且上文提到人们给他树立了纪念碑，因此应该是他被杀害。故选A。8．A.rarely B．simplyC．merely D．hardly答案D解析rarely罕见地；simply简单地，仅仅；merely仅仅，只不过；hardly几乎不，简直不。根据上文可知，EdwinT．Pratt是一位民权领袖，他为人民做了很多的事情。因此可知，对他来说一个小小的纪念碑是不够的。另外根据后文可知，Sarah觉得纪念碑几乎不够大，所以她找了一所学校来以他命名。故选D。9．A.impact B．impressionC．reflection D．dependence答案A解析impact影响；impression印象；reflection反射，沉思；dependence依赖，依靠。前文提到作为一位民权领袖，他帮助了很多人。同时Sarah觉得一个小小的纪念碑是不够的，是因为他“影响”了很多人。故选A。10．A.stopped B．decidedC．happened D．announced答案B解析stop停止；decide决定；happen发生；announce宣布。由下文可知Sarah为了纪念这位民权领袖，她找了一所愿意以EdwinT．Pratt命名的学校。因此可推出，此处表示Sarah决定做点什么。故选B。11．A.library B．theatreC．school D．hospital答案C解析library图书馆；theatre剧院；school学校；hospital医院。根据倒数第二段最后一句提到的“thenewschool”可知，此处指新建的一所儿童学校。故选C。12．A.inneedof B．insearchofC．infavourof D．inchargeof答案D解析inneedof需要；insearchof寻找；infavourof支持，赞成；inchargeof负责，主管。根据下文提到的“Throughgreatefforts，hervisioncametoreality！”可知，她的想法最终梦想成真。因此可知，她找到了“负责”这个建筑项目的人。故选D。13．A.curiosity B．confidenceC．chance D．energy答案A解析curiosity好奇心；confidence自信心；chance机会；energy精力，能量。根据上文提到的“她想知道他是谁，他做了什么”可知，Sarah拥有好奇心。故选A。14．A.prove B．changeC．present D．pursue答案D解析prove证明；change改变；present展现，提出，赠送；pursue追求。上文提及当Sarah觉得纪念碑太小，不足以纪念这位民权领袖时，她就找到新建学校的负责人，成功说服了他们以EdwinT．Pratt来命名学校。由此可见Sarah有追求自己想法的勇气。故选D。15．A.astonished B．inspiredC．attracted D．protected答案B解析astonish使吃惊；inspire激励，鼓舞；attract吸引；protect保护。此处和文章第一段构成首尾呼应。根据第一段提及“她向世界展示了一个充满激情的年轻人可以做到的事情”可知，她的行为“激励”了世界各地的许多其他年轻人。故选B。Ⅵ.语法填空Anewstudy1.