02：名校高中自主招生阅读理解单选题 -上海名校高中自主招生英语直通车

第页第02第02讲：名校高中自主招生阅读理解单选题从句 考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接说明:名校高中自主招生系列，试题由名校老师精心撰稿，均有答案详细解析；部分试题有一定难度，供参考、选用。阅读理解是考查学生综合能力的一个重要题型，主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力、对材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。细节题考查文章中有关事情发生的具体细节题目，如：时间、地点、人物、事件经过、方式、结果等；推断类方法点拨：此类题主要考查学生对文中某些词、句子或段落进行推理或根据句子的语气、文章论调和倾向进行推断的能力。解答此类试题时，需注意以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，由已知推及未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。常见的设题方式有：◆Whatcanyouconclude(推断)fromthispassage?◆Wecaninfer(推断)fromthepassagethat...词汇猜测类方法点拨：此类题主要考查学生对某个“单词、短语或句子”在特定语言环境下具体含义的理解。解答此类题，可采用以下五类猜词技巧：①利用构词法；②利用同义词、近义词、反义词；③利用定义和解释猜词；④利用例证猜词；⑤根据生活常识猜词。另外，采用“代入法”也十分有效，即：将备选答案逐一带入文中，哪个使句子通顺、连贯，且与上下文语境符合，即为正确答案。标题归纳类方法点拨：此类题主要考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。解答此类试题时，需注意以下五点：①以原文为依据，不掺杂个人意见；②注意绝对化的词，选最适合本篇文章的；③答案避免以点带面，以偏概全；④文章没提到的，不要妄自猜测，一切以文章内容为准。因此，所选的标题一般须符合三个标准：概括性、有针对性、醒目性。另外，山西中考阅读理解(一)还会从“词汇猜测、标题归纳、主旨大意”角度进行命题，针对这三种命题角度，考生也可采用以下技巧进行解答：主旨大意题方法点拨：此类题主要考查考生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。在解答此类题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(mainidea)、结论(conclusion)等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学知识进行逻辑推理、判断，从而获取文章中的内在信息。常见的设题方式有：◆What'sthemainideaofthepassage?◆Whatdoesthetext/passagemainlytellus?解答选择型阅读理解题，可以大概分为三个步骤，具体如下：一、快速阅读短文先读题，明确题目要求，然后带着问题去读文章，这种方法称为寻读。快速阅读一遍全文，弄清段落大意，对全文有一个整体了解，阅读时从宏观入手，掌握中心意思，注意哪些是用以说明中心意思的主要事实和细节，抓住关键词，弄清作者的写作目的及意图。如遇到生词，应先跳过，继续阅读全文，切忌长时间猜测生词的意思，因为有些生词并不影响对全文的理解，还有一些词可以通过上下文推测出其含义。二、认真逐题作答阅读完短文后，对整篇短文的内容有了大致的了解，然后再看文章后的问题，如果属于客观事实题，可直接在短文中找到答案。如果是主观判断题，则应再次迅速通读全文，仔细分析思考。三、仔细检查答案做完所有题目后，再读一遍短文，逐一检查所有答案是否有误。如果有不太确定的答案，不要随意更改。一定要从原文中找到依据，方可更正。A（说明文）Weusuallythinkofpollutionasaharmfulwastesubstancethatthreatenstheairandwater.Butsomepeoplehavebecomeconcernedaboutanotherkindofpollution.Itcanbeeverywhere,dependingonthetimeoftheday.Anditisnotthoughtofasasubstance.Itislight.Theideaoflightpollutionhasdevelopedwiththeincreaseoflightsincities.Inmanyareas,thislightmakesitdifficultorimpossibletoobservestarsandplanetsinthenightsky.In1988,theInternationalDark-SkyAssociationformed.Thisorganizationwantstoreducelightpollutioninthenightsky.Italsourgestheeffectiveuseofelectriclighting.Thereareanumberofreasonswhylightpollutionisimportant.OnehasbecomeclearattheMountWilsonObservatorynearLosAngeles,California.MountWilsonObservatorywashometothelargesttelescopesintheworldduringthefirsthalfoftheNineteenHundreds.Duringthatperiod,LosAngelesgrewtobecomeoneofAmerica’sbiggestcities.Today,lightfromLosAngelesmakesthenightskyaboveMountWilsonverybright.Itisnolongeranimportantresearchcentrebecauseoflightpollution.Lightpollutionthreatenstoreducethescientificvalueofresearchtelescopesinotherimportantobservatories.TheyincludeLickObservatorynearSanJose,CaliforniaandYerkesObservatorynearChicago,Illinois.Lightpollutionistheresultofwastedenergy.BrightlightthatshinesintotheskyisnotbeingusedtoprovidelightwhereitisneededonEarth.Poorlydesignedlightingcausesagreatdealoflightpollution.Lightsthatarebrighterthannecessaryalsocauselightpollution.Objectsinthenightskyareresourcesthatprovideeveryonewithwonder.Butlightpollutionthreatenstopreventthosewonderfulsightsfrombeingseen.1.Inthepassagethemainconcernofthewriteristhat______.A.toomuchenergyiswastedasaresultoftheuseoflightB.AmericanswillnolongerenjoythebeautifulsightofthesolarsystemC.lightpollutioninNorthAmericaismoreseriousthanthatinotherareasD.itbecomesmoredifficulttoobservestarsandplanetsinthenightskyasaresultoflightpollution2.ThemainpurposeoftheInternationalDark-SkyAssociationisto______.A.makethenightskybrightandprettyB.stoptheuseofelectriclightingC.preventtheoveruseofelectriclightingD.observestarsandplanetsthroughatelescope3.Oneofthereasonswhyreducinglightpollutionisimportantisthat______.A.thetelescopeinalltheobservatorieswillnotbeeffectiveatallduetolightpollutionB.lightpollutionthreatenstoreducethescientificvalueofresearchinsomeimportantresearchcentresC.itispossiblethattheworldmapwillbeunclearatlastD.thelightneededonEarthisn’tmadegooduseof4.Howmanyobservatoriesarementionedinthepassage?A.3. B.4. C.5. D.6.【答案】DCBA【解析】1.D。本文主要讲了一种特殊的污染——灯光，它使得在许多地区的晚上观察星星很难或不可能。2.C。根据第二段最后两句可知。3.B。根据倒数第二段第一句可知。4.A。它们分别是：MountWilsonObservatory,LickObservatory和YerkesObservatory。B（应用文）Thefollowingactorsandactressesareamongthosewhohaveachievedgreatsuccessinacting.IngridBergman（1915-1982）Likemanyartists,thisSwedishactressleftwartimeEuropeforHollywood.Sheisrememberedforheractingtalentandherpure,simplebeauty.Shewasnominated（提名）forthebestactressAcademyAwardfourtimesandwontwice.GregoryPeck（1916-2003）GregoryPeckwasknownforhisheroicroles.HewasnominatedforthebestactorAcademyAwardfivetimesandwononceforToKillaMockingbird.PeckstarredinRomanHolidayandwasHepburn’slifelonggoodfriend.HelaterbecamepresidentoftheAcademyofMotionPictureArtsandSciencesandheldthepositionforthreeyears.AudreyHepburn（1929-1993）BorntoafamilyofaBaroness（男爵夫人）andanEnglishbanker,Andreyspokesixlanguagesfluently.Sheisfamousforherelegantstyle.AudreyHepburnwasagraceful,dark-hairedbeautywithayouthful,livelylook.ShewasnominatedforthebestactressAcademyAwardfourtimesandwononceforstarringinRomanHoliday.TomHanks（1956-）TomHanksisnowoneofthemostpopularleadingactorsandbusiestproducersinHollywood.Heisknownforplayingcharacterswithwarmth,kindnessandhumor.Hewasnominatedthreetimesandwontwice.SomeofhismorefamousfilmsareForrestGump,CastawayandSleeplessinSeattle.JodieFoster（1962-）JodieFoster’sintelligenceshoweditselfwhenshetaughtherselftoreadatagethree.Shebeganhercareeratthistimeincommercials.ShemovedontoTVrolesandthentoherOscarnominatedperformanceinTaxiDriveratagefourteen.Shewentontobenominatedthreemoretimesandhaswontwice.JuliaRoberts（1967-）JuliaRobertsbeganherrisetofameafterwinningaGoldenGlobeawardforheractinginthefilmSteelMagnolias.ShehassincebeennominatedforthreeAcademyAwardsandwonone.HerfilmsareusuallyverysuccessfulandsheisnowconsideredbymanytobethemosthighlypaidactressinHollywood.40.Thepassageismostprobablytakenfroma_____.A.schoolreport B.websitearticleC.sciencemagazine D.newspapercolumn41.AudreyHepburnworkedwith_____inRomanHolidayandwontheAcademyAwardforBestActress.A.TomHanks B.IngridBergmanC.GregoryPeck D.JudieFoster42._____wonasmanyAcademyAwardsaseachotheraccordingtothepassage.A.JuliaRoberts,IngridBergmanandGregoryPeckB.IngridBergman,TomHanksandJodieFosterC.JodieFoster,AudreyHepburnandGregoryPeckD.TomHanks,AudreyHepburnandJuliaRoberts43.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.JodieFosterissotalentedthatshecanspeaksixforeignlanguages.B.JuliaRobertsearnsthemostamongtheactressesinHollywood.C.IngridBergmanlefthermotherlandduringtheWorldWarⅡ.D.AudreyHepburnwasbornintoawealthyfamily.【答案】40.D41.C42.B43.A【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了在演戏方面取得巨大成功的演员。【40题详解】推断判断题。文章主要介绍了在演戏方面取得巨大成功的几位演员的情况以及他们的代表作品，所以判断出这篇短文来自新闻专栏。故选D。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据GregoryPeck（1916-2003）部分中的“GregoryPeck...starredinRomanHolidayandwasHepburn’slifelonggoodfriend.”可知，GregoryPeck主演了《罗马假日》，是AudreyHepburn一生的好朋友。再结合“AudreyHepburn（1929-1993）”部分中的“ShewasnominatedforthebestactressAcademyAwardfourtimesandwononceforstarringinRomanHoliday.”AudreyHepburn四次获得奥斯卡最佳女主角提名，一次因主演《罗马假日》而获奖。由此可推断出AudreyHepburn在《罗马假日》中与GregoryPeck合作，并获得奥斯卡最佳女主角奖。故选C。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据IngridBergman（1915-1982）部分中的“Shewasnominated（提名）forthebestactressAcademyAwardfourtimesandwontwice.”可知，她四次获得奥斯卡最佳女演员奖提名，两次获奖。“TomHanks（1956-）”部分中的“Hewasnominatedthreetimesandwontwice.”可知，他三次被提名奥斯卡奖，两次获奖。根据“JodieFoster（1962-）”中的“Shewentontobenominatedthreemoretimesandhaswontwice.”可知，JodieFoster她又获得了三次提名，两次获奖。由此可知，IngridBergman,TomHanksandJodieFoster三个人获得奥斯卡奖一样多，B项符合题意，故选B。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据“AudreyHepburn（1929-1993）”中的“BorntoafamilyofaBaroness（男爵夫人）andanEnglishbanker,Andreyspokesixlanguagesfluently.”可知，AudreyHepburn出生于一个男爵夫人（Baroness）和一位英国银行家的家庭，能流利地说六种语言。可知出生于银行家庭，即出生于富裕家家庭，会说6种语言。故A（JodieFoster很有天赋，她能说六种外语）是错误的，D项（AudreyHepburn出生在一个富裕的家庭）是正确的。根据“JuliaRoberts（1967-）”中的“...sheisnowconsideredbymanytobethemosthighlypaidactressinHollywood.”可知，JuliaRoberts在好莱坞的女演员中收入最高，故B项（JuliaRoberts在好莱坞的女演员中收入最高）正确。根据“IngridBergman（1915-1982）”中的“Likemanyartists,thisSwedishactressleftwartimeEuropeforHollywood.”这位瑞典女演员离开战时的欧洲来到好莱坞。可知，C项（英格丽德伯格曼在第二次世界大战期间离开了她的祖国）正确。故本题选A。C（记叙文）Anoldmanandhissonweredrivingtheirdonkeytoaneighboringfairtosellhim.Theyhadnotgonefarwhentheymetwithatroopofwomencollectedroundawell,talkingandlaughing"Lookthere,"criedoneofthem,"didyoueverseesuchfellows,tobetrudgingalongtheroadonfootwhentheymightride?"Theoldmanhearingthis,quicklymadehissonmountthedonkeyandcontinuedtowalkalongmerrilybyhisside.Presentlytheycameuptoagroupofoldmeninearnestdebate."There,"saidoneofthem"itproveswhatIwassaying.Whatrespectisshowntooldageinthesedays?Doyouseethatidleladridingwhilehisoldfatherhastowalk?Getdown,youyoungscapegrace,andlettheoldmanresthisexhaustedbody."Uponthistheoldmanmadehissondismount,andgotuphimself.Inthismannertheyhadnotproceededfarwhentheymetacompanyofwomenandchildren:"Why,youlazyoldfellow,"criedseveraltonguesatonce,"howcanyourideuponthebeast,whilethatpoorlittleyoungmantherecanhardlykeeppacebythesideofyou?"TheMillerimmediatelytookuphissonbehindhim.Theyhadnowalmostreachedthetown."Pray,honestfriend,"saidacitizen,"isthatdonkeyyourown?""Yes,"repliedtheoldman."O,onewouldnothavethoughtso,"saidtheother,"bythewayyouloadhim.Why,youtwofellowsarebetterabletocarrythepoorbeastthanheyou."So,alighting(落地)withhisson,theytiedthelegsofthedonkeytogetherandwiththehelpofapolestruggledtocarryhimontheirshouldersoverabridgeneartheentrancetothetown.Thisentertainingsightbroughtthepeopleincrowdstolaughatit,tllthedonkey,notlikingthenoisenorthestrangehandlingthathewassubjectto,broketheropesthatboundhimandfallingoffthepole,fellintotheriver.24.Whoactuallycausedtheoldman'sloss?A.Himself.B.Hisson.C.Thedonkey.D.Peoplewholaughedathim.25.Inwhatlogicalorderdidtheauthorarrangetheeventsinhisstory?A.Fromnegativetopositive.B.Fromreasonabletoabnormal.C.Fromimaginarytofactual.D.Fromrealistictoideal.26.Whatmainfeelingdoesthedonkeyhaveintheprocess?A.excitedB.relaxedC.confusedD.worried27.Whatlessoncanwelearnfromthisstory?A.Toomanycooksspoilthemeatsoup.B.Don'keepallyoureggsinonebasketball.C.Bytryingtopleaseeverybodyyoucanpleasenobody.D.Lifeiswhathappenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.【答案】ABCC【解析】文章讲述了因过分在意他人的眼光，最终导致啼笑皆非结局的寓言故事。故事较为发人深省，蕴含哲理。详细解析：第24题A本题为主旨大意题。因为过分在意周遭人的目光与评价，老人不断变换和驴子的位置关系，最终做出了较为荒诞的行为，丢失了自己的驴子。每次行为的主体都为老人，所以无论周到人的评价如何，导致最终结局的原因即为老人自身太过于在意周遭人的评价。故本题答案为A。第25题B本题为结构分析题。通读全文我们可知，最初人们的评价还比较符合情理，随着文章推进变得越来越荒诞，最后扛着驴走这一情节更增加了荒诞、不寻常的意味。也增加了哲理意味。故本题选择B选项。第26题C本题为文意猜测题。根据文章内容我们可知，老人不断变换和驴的关系，最后甚至将驴抗在了自己的身上。这一举动本身就令人费解，因此作为驴的角度应该也是十分困惑的。通过局外人的视角来看，同样可以感到困惑。故本题选择C选项。第27题C本题为主旨大意题，同时考察对于习语的积累。A选项表示因参与的人过多而导致不好的结果，也就是汉语里常说的“人多误事”。但本文的主体为theoldman。B选项表示不要孤注一掷；C选项表示如果你想要取悦身边的所有人，到头来你可能谁也取悦不了；D选项意为“生活就是当你忙于制定其他计划时发生的事情”，也即“当我们为生活疲于奔命时,生活已经离我们远去。”通读全文，C选项最为符合题意。D（议论文）Manyofusarequicktoblameothersforhowwefeel:"Hemakesmesomad!"or"hereallyhurtmyfeelings."Butdidsomeonereally"makemeangry"orarewefeelingtheangerinusgettingkickedupinresponsetothewaysomeonebehavedtowardsus?Thedifferencebetweenthetwoisinwhotheresponsiblepartyisforthewaywefeel.Ifweblameothersforourfeelingswewillfinallyfeelreasonableatwhateverourretaliation（报复）mybe,andwewillexplainthatitwastheirfault,notours."Theyweredrivingmemad".Whenweblameothersforthewaywefeelwehaveinfactgivenpowertoothersforthestateofouremotionalwell-being.Thetruthis,noonecontrolsourfeelingsbutus.Ifwearefindingthatpeopleinourlivesreallyknowhowto"pushourbuttons（meansmakeusangry）"thenwearenotdoingagoodenoughjobatprotectingour"buttons."Wearetheonesleavingourbuttonsoutintheopensothatotherpeoplecan"pushthem."Ultimately,theswitchforourbuttonsisinsideus-notontheoutside.Whiletherearesomethingsinlifethatareclearlyoutofourcontrol,liketheweatheroraflightthat'stwohourslate,howweactandrespondtootherpeople'sbehaviorisnotamongthem.Ourresponsestoothersarewellwithinourcontrol.Ifsomeoneis"makingus"somad,forexample,thatwegetangry,wearenotdoingenoughtolearnaboutwhatdrivesourangerandhowtoproperlycopewithit.Mysuggestionistakingtimebeforeyougetangry.andputtingsomeworkintotakinganinventory（清单）ofthepast.Aninventorycanshowyouhowmuchofyourpastexperiencesinfluenceyourfeelingreactionsinthecurrentmoment.Whenwefinallyrealizethatsomuchofourpresentfeelingsandreactionsaredrivenfromwithinourselvesandourownpastexperiences,wewillbereadytomakethechangesinourlivesthatwillbettersecureourbuttonssothattheyarenolongerleftoutinpubicforeveryonetopushatwill.12．Whatresultwillappearifweblameothersforouremotions?A．Weconsiderotherstobecorrect.B．Weconsiderourselvestobecorrect.C．Weconsiderweweredrivingourselvesmad.D．Weconsidertheyweredrivingthemselvesmad.13．What'stheauthor'attitudetowardsfeelings?A．Weshouldblameothersforthewaywefeel.B．Weshouldenableotherstocontrolourfeelings.C．WeshouldletothersknowourdailylifeclearlyD．Weshouldcontrolpersonalfeelingsourselves.14．Accordingtotheauthor,whichcanalwaysbeunderourcontrol?A．Ourownbehavior. B．ThedelayofaflightC．Otherpeople'sfeelings. D．Theweatherconditions.15．Whichproverbbestsuitstheauthor'sadviceinParagraph5?A．Aburdenofone'schoiceisnotfelt. B．Thinktwicebeforeacting.C．Afriendiseasierlostthanfound. D．Agoodbeginningishalfdone.【答案】12．B13．D14．A15．B【解析】本文为议论文。我们把自己的愤怒归咎于他人，但是，到底是别人的行为让我们生气，还是我们自己激发了内心的愤怒来回应别人对我们的行为?事实上，除了我们自己，没有人能控制我们的情绪。12．细节理解题。根据第二段的Ifweblameothersforourfeelingswewilleventuallyfeelreasonableatwhateverourretaliation（报复）maybe，andwewillexplainthatitwastheirfault，notours.可知如果我们把自己的情绪归咎于他人，我们将会辩称这是他们的错，不是我们的。选项B：我们认为自己是正确的。符合题意，故选B。13．推理判断题。根据第三段的Thetruthis，noonecontrolsourfeelingsbutus.可知，除了我们自己，没有人能控制我们的感情，选项D符合题意。故选D。14．细节理解题。根据第四段的Whiletherearesomethingsinlifethatareclearlyoutofourcontrol，…，howweactandrespondtootherpeople'sbehaviorisnotamongthem.Ourresponsestoothersarewellwithinourcontrol.可知，虽然生活中有一些事情是我们无法控制的，我们自己的行为完全在我们的控制之中。选项A符合题意。故选A。15．推理判断题。根据第五段Mysuggestionistakingtimebeforeyougetangry.andputtingsomeworkintotakinganinventory（清单）ofthepast.Aninventorycanshowyouhowmuchofyourpastexperiencesinfluenceyourfeelingreactionsinthecurrentmoment.可知，作者建议在你生气之前先慢下来，花点时间盘点一下过去。选项B.Thinktwicebeforeacting（三思而后行）符合题意，故选B。1Likemanyofmygeneration,Ihaveaweaknessforheroworship.Atsomepoint,however,weallbegintoquestionourheroesandourneedforthem.Thisleadsustoask:Whatisahero?Despiteimmensedifferencesincultures,heroesaroundtheworldgenerallyshareanumberofcharacteristicthatinstructandinspirepeople.Aherodoessomethingworthtalkingabout.Aherohasastoryofadventuretotellandacommunitywhowilllisten.Butaherogoesbeyondmerefame.Heroesservepowersorprincipleslargerthanthemselves.Likehigh-voltage（电压）transformers,heroestaketheenergyofhigherpowersandstepitdownsothatitcanbeusedbyordinarypeople.Theherolivesalifeworthyofimitation.Thosewhoimitateagenuineheroexperiencelifewithnewdepth,enthusiasm,andmeaning.Asuretestforwould-beheroesiswhatorwhomdotheyserve?Whataretheywillingtoliveanddiefor?Iftheanswerorevidencesuggeststheyserveonlytheirownfame,theymaybefamouspersonsbutnotheroes.MadonnaandMichaelJacksonarefamous,butwhowouldclaimthattheirfansfindlifemoreabundant?Heroesarecatalysts（催化剂）forchange.Theyhaveavisionfromthemountaintop.Theyhavetheskillandthecharmtomovethemasses.Theycreatenewpossibilities.WithoutGandhi,IndiamightstillbepartoftheBritishEmpire.WithoutRosaParksandMartinLutherKing,Jr,wemightstillhavesegregated（隔离的）buses,restaurants,andparks.Itmaybepossibleforlarge-scalechangetooccurwithoutleaderswithmagneticpersonalities,butthepaceofchangewouldbeslow,thevisionuncertainandthecommitteemeetingsendless.56.Althoughheroesmaycomefromdifferentcultures,they.A.generallypossesscertaininspiringcharacteristicsB.probablysharesomeweaknessesofordinarypeopleC.areofteninfluencedbypreviousgenerationsD.allunknowinglyattractalargenumberoffans57.Accordingtothepassage,heroesarecomparedtohigh-voltagetransformersinthat.A.theyhaveavisionfromthemountaintopB.theyhavewarmfeelingsandemotionsC.theycanserveasempoweringexamplesofnobleprinciplesD.theycanmakeallpeoplefeelstrongerandmoreconfident58.MadonnaandMichaelJacksonarenotconsideredheroesbecause.A.theyarepopularonlyamongcertaingroupsofpeopleB.theirperformancesdonotimprovetheirfansmorallyC.theirprimaryconcernistheirownfinancialinterestsD.theyarenotclearabouttheprinciplestheyshouldfollow59.GandhiandMartinLutherKingaretypicalexamplesofoutstandingleaderswho.A.aregoodatdemonstratingtheircharmingcharactersB.canmovethemasseswiththeskillandthecharmC.arecapableofmeetingallchallengesandhardshipsD.canprovideananswertotheproblemsoftheirpeople60.Theauthorconcludesthathistoricalchangeswould.A.bedelayedwithoutleaderswithinspiringpersonalqualitiesB.nothappenwithoutheroesmakingthenecessarysacrificesC.takeplaceiftherewereheroestoleadthepeopleD.produceleaderswithattractivepersonalities【答案】56.A57.C58.B59.B60.A【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了英雄具备的特点，即不管在哪中文化中，英雄们普遍具有许多指导和启发人们的特征，因此他们是不同于单纯的名人的。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Despiteimmensedifferencesincultures,heroesaroundtheworldgenerallyshareanumberofcharacteristicthatinstructandinspirepeople.”可知，尽管文化差异巨大，但世界各地的英雄们普遍具有许多指导和启发人们的特征。因此，尽管英雄可能来自不同的文化，但他们通常具有某些启发他人的特征。故选A。【57题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Heroesservepowersorprincipleslargerthanthemselves.Likehigh-voltage（电压）transformers,heroestaketheenergyofhigherpowersandstepitdownsothatitcanbeusedbyordinarypeople.”可知，英雄服务于高于其自身的权力或准则，如同高压变压器一样，把这些权力和准则的所带来的利益传递给普通民众。故选C。【58题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Iftheanswerorevidencesuggeststheyserveonlytheirownfame,theymaybefamouspersonsbutnotheroes.MadonnaandMichaelJacksonarefamous,butwhowouldclaimthattheirfansfindlifemoreabundant?”可知，如果他们只是为自己的名声服务，那么他们可能是名人，而不是英雄。麦当娜和迈克尔·杰克逊是出名的，但谁能说他们的粉丝发现自己的生活变得更充实了呢？因此，麦当娜和迈克尔·杰克逊不被视为英雄，因为他们的表演并不能从道德上为粉丝提供改善生活所需要的精神动力。故选B。【59题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Theyhavetheskillandthecharmtomovethemasses.Theycreatenewpossibilities.WithoutGandhi,IndiamightstillbepartoftheBritishEmpire.WithoutRosaParksandMartinLutherKing,Jr,wemightstillhavesegregated（隔离的）buses,restaurants,andparks.”可知，英雄具有感召群众的技巧和魅力。他们创造了新的可能性。没有甘地，印度可能仍然是大英帝国的一部分。没有罗莎·帕克斯和马丁·路德·金，人们可能仍然要面对隔离的公共汽车，饭店和公园。因此，甘地和马丁·路德·金是杰出的领导人，原因在于他们具有感召群众的技巧和魅力。故选B。【60题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Itmaybepossibleforlarge-scalechangetooccurwithoutleaderswithmagneticpersonalities,butthepaceofchangewouldbeslow,thevisionuncertainandthecommitteemeetingsendless.”可知，没有具有吸引人民群众的个人品质的领导者的大型变革可能会发生，但是变革的步伐会很慢，愿景不确定，委员会的会议无休止地开下去。甘地和马丁·路德·金是杰出的领导人，他们可以用技巧和魅力来打动群众。由此作者得出结论，历史的变化将会被推迟如果没有具有启发性个人品质的领导者。故选A。2.ToensureanexcellentexperienceduringyourtouroftheMarkTwainHouse,herearesomeguidelinesandgeneralinformation:TheHouseisShownOnlybyGuidedTour.Toensureanoptimum(最佳)experience,housetoursarelimitedto14people,first-come,first-served.Ifyourgrouphasmorethan10people,call(860)280-3130toreserveadiscountedgrouptourinadvanceofyourvisit.Ifyouhaveapartyoffewerthan10peoplefeelfreetopurchaseticketsonline:WewillholdthematWillCall.Thetourscheduleisusuallyonlineaboutamonthinadvance.OursiteismadeupofthreebuildingsTheWebsterBankMuseumCenterattheMarkTwainHouse&Museumisalwaysyourfirstandlaststopasithousesourticketcountermuseumstore,film,exhibitsandcafe.AlltoursgatherinthemuseumcenterbeforeheadingovertoMarkTwain’shistoric1874home.MarkTwain’shistoriccarriagehouseisthethirdbuildingonourproperty,butisgenerallynotopentothepublic.Thehayloft(干草棚)hasbeenrepurposedintoofficesandthemainfloorofthebarnisaspaceavailableforrentforpartiesandmeetings.Coupons&DiscountsTheMarkTwainHouseoffersonlyafewcouponsanddiscounts.ThepriceyoupayforadmissionhelpsusmaintainthebeautyofthisiconofAmericanarchitecture.Ifyouareluckyenoughtofindoneofthosespecialoffersonlineoratyourlocallibrary,keepinmindtheyaregoodonlyforthegeneralMarkTwainHouseTours.Nopassesordiscountsmaybeappliedtoourspecialtytours.1.Whatkindoftourbookedbeforehandenjoysadiscount?A.Specialtytour.B.GuidedtourC.Grouptourwith9people.D.Grouptourwith13people.2.Whichplaceisnotavailabletotourists?A.TheWebsterBankMuseumCenter.B.MarkTwain’shistoriccarriagehouse.C.Thehayloft.D.MarkTwain’shistoric1874home.3.Whatisthepurposeofchargingadmissionfees?A.Toearnmoremoney.B.Towellpreservethehouse.C.TosupportMarkTwain’sfamily.D.Toofferpartiesandmeetings.【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了参观马克·吐温故居的指南和信息。1.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Ifyourgrouphasmorethan10people,call(860)280-3130toreserveadiscountedgrouptourinadvanceofyourvisit.”可知，如果您的团体人数超过10人，请在您参观之前致电（860）280-3130预订折扣的团体游，由此可知，13人旅行团提前预定可以享受折扣，故D项正确。2.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“MarkTwain’shistoriccarriagehouseisthethirdbuildingonourproperty,butisgenerallynotopentothepublic.”可知，马克·吐温的马车屋是不对游客开放的，故B项正确。3.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ThepriceyoupayforadmissionhelpsusmaintainthebeautyofthisiconofAmericanarchitecture.”可知，你们的入场费用帮助我们保持这个美国标志性建筑——马克·吐温故居的美丽，由此可知，收取入场费的目的是保护好马克·吐温故居，故B项正确。3.Idecidedat10thatIwasgoingtobeateacherbecauseIhadaburningdesireforsuperpowers.Asaboy,Icouldclearlyseesomeofmyteachershadextraordinarypowers.TherewasanEnglishteacherinfifthgradewhocouldmagicallytransportustodifferentworldseverydaybytellingusstoriesandreadingtousfrombookswewouldotherwiseneverpickup.Thiswasoursecretandfuntimebecausefifthgraderswereconsideredtoooldtohavestoriesreadouttothem.Itwasevenshockingthatmyteachercouldseetheinvisible.Iwasoneofthosewholackedinsight,Yetmyteacherwouldnoticemeandtheunspokenmessageinhereyessuggestedthatshecouldseemethrough.Shehadanothersuperpowerandevenafterfourdecades,Icouldstillvividlyrememberherlessonsaboutthegreatmastersofartandgreatgeographers,expandingourhorizons.Shedidthiseventhoughhermajorwasnotart,norgeography.HerlessonswentbeyondthetextbookIknewIwantedtobeoneofthoseall-seeingoneswithsuperpowersthatmadechildrenfeelsafeandvalued.Iknowbeingateacherisn'ttheeasiestorthemostfinanciallyrewardingofjobs.Andthereareoccupationalrisks-yourkneescanbecomewornoutfromyearsofcarryingpilesofnotebooksupanddowntheschoolstaircase,yourvoicecangiveinfromtoomuchtalking.Butdespiteallthat,therearethosechoosingthiscause.Tothem,teachingisnotjustajob-itisascience,anartandacraft,anditdemandsemotionallabourandinvestment.Allmylife,forthreedecadesnow,I'vegonetoworkearlyeachdaywithaspringinmystep.Occasionally,Imeetmyformerstudents.Theirobviousloveformeandfondmemoriesofourtimetogetheraremyrewards.WhenImeetotherswhothirstforsuperpowers,likethebrandnewteacherstrugglingtoperfectherskillswithabravefaceon,ortheoneinaremote,ruralschooltravelling70kilometerseachdayjustforhispupils,Ifeelproudtobelongtothesamegroup.4．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthestoriesfromparagraph2?A．Theyweretoldinamagicway. B．Theywerewrittenbytheteacher.C．Theycontainedsomestudents'funsecrets. D．Theyleftthestudentswithhappymemories.5．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheEnglishteacher?A．Ambitiousandgenerous. B．Hard-workingandwealthy.C．Caringandmodest. D．Well-informedandobservant.6．Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorasateacher?A．Hesufferedalotinhiskneesandvoice.B．Hethoughtteachingwasmorethanspreadingknowledge.C．Hehadsomeideasofhowtobeateacheratayoungage.D．Hewasrewardedwithmuchmoneyforhisdevotionatschool.7．Whatcanbeconcludedaboutbeingateacherfromthetext?A．Withonethousandtimesforthepeachgardensweet.B．Teachersleadthedoor,progressintheindividual.C．Inscholarshipthereisnodifferenceofage.D．Learningwithoutateacherishardtogain.【答案】4．D5．D6．B7．A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了童年时期对老师的敬佩，认为老师有超能力。后来作者梦想成真，做了老师，很快乐，很骄傲。4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“TherewasanEnglishteacherinfifthgradewhocouldmagicallytransportustodifferentworldseverydaybytellingusstoriesandreadingtousfrombookswewouldotherwiseneverpickup.Thiswasoursecretandfuntimebecausefifthgraderswereconsideredtoooldtohavestoriesreadouttothem.”（五年级有一位英语老师，她每天给我们讲故事，给我们读一些我们永远不会读