KS5U2024高考压轴卷-英语（全国甲卷） 含解析

KS5U2024全国甲卷压轴卷英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15. B.£9.18. C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whendoestherainyseasonstart?A.InJanuary. B.InFebruary. C.InNovember.2.Howdoesthewoman’sfoodtaste?A.Salty. B.Hot. C.Sweet.3.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent. B.Fatheranddaughter. C.Schoolfriends.4.Whichroomhasthemanfinisheddecorating?A.Thebathroom. B.Thekitchen. C.Thelivingroom.5.Whatdoesthewomanprobablydo?A.Adoctor. B.Acoach. C.Anathlete.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6.WhatdoesMiyakowanttodo?A.Makeacall. B.Sendacard. C.Holdaparty.7.Whatisthemandoing?A.Makinganapology. B.Givinganexplanation. C.Sharinganexperience.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。8.WhatdidDaviddolastnight?A.Heplayedvolleyball. B.Hewatchedtelevision. C.Hereadthenewspaper.9.WhattimewillthematchonSaturdayafternoonstart?A.At2:30. B.At3:00. C.At3:30.10.WhatwillLisadofirst?A.Talkwithhermom. B.GiveDavidacall. C.Takeapianolesson.听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。11.Wheredidthemanmostprobablylosehisphone?A.Inarestaurant. B.Attheworkplace. C.Ontheunderground.12.Whatwillthemandobeforefiveo’clock?A.Meetthewoman. B.Buyanewphone. C.Makeacalltothebank.13.Howdoesthemanfeelintheend?A.Surprised. B.Grateful. C.Doubtful.听下面一段对话，回答第14至第16三个小题。14.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisoffice?A.Hisofficeisrichlydecorated.B.Hehasusedthisofficeforaweek.C.Hisofficespaceisspaciousenough.15.Whydoesthemanneedawebcameraforhiscomputer?A.Torecordhistripnextweek.B.Tocollectcost-effectivewebcameras.C.Tocommunicatewithoverseasscholars.16.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Howtochooseanofficechair.B.Howtoprepareforanonlinemeeting.C.HowtoimproveProfessorWhite’soffice.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。17.Whatdoesthespeakerfocuson?A.Whatcoursesthecollegeoffers.B.Whytoday’sstudentsneedexercise.C.Howtoday’sstudentsspendtheirmoney.18.WhatdoesSarahspendlessmoneyon?A.Transport. B.Food. C.Clothes.19.Wholovescycling?A.Colin. B.Jack. C.Sarah.20.HowdoesDianagethermoney?A.Bysellingalotofbooks.B.Byaskingherparentsforit.C.Bysellingclothesmadeonherown.\第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ABeaumontHospitalisproudofitsreputationnationallyandinternationallyasanacademicteachinghospitalprovidingexcellenceinpatientcare,medicaleducation,innovationandresearch.Ouraimistodeliverthehighestqualityofcaretoourpatients,excellenttrainingtoourstudentsandafriendlyandprofessionalenvironmentforourstaff.PositionSummaryTheChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO)isresponsiblefordrivingtheoverallstrategicdirection,operationsandperformanceofBeaumontHospital,anditsrelatedservicesandresources,withinpolicydirectionslaiddownbytheHospitalBoardandtheDepartmentofHealth/HSEtodelivereffectiveandefficientpatientcare.Thisisacrucialleadershiproleresponsiblefordrivingstrategicgrowthinitiativesandprovidingstrategicoversight,supportandclearleadershiptotheExecutiveManagementTeamwithinBeaumontHospital.TheHospitalisintheprocessofdevelopinganew5-YearStrategicPlan.ThesuccessfulcandidatewillcarryouttheagreedvisionforthefutureofBeaumontHospital,maintaintheHospital’scommitmenttodeliveringpatient-centredcaretothehigheststandardsofclinicalpractice,healthcareeducation,research,andinnovation,andpromoteanorganizationalculturethatisopento,andempowersinnovation,creativityandlearninginaclinicalsetting.InformalConfidentialinquiriesto:MsPaulinePhilipChair,BeaumontHospitalBoardTel:＋353(1)7974260InterestedcandidatesshouldapplybysendingtheirCVandcoverletterto:MrJohnPepper,HumanResourcesDepartmentBeaumontHospital,Dublin9IrelandEmail:hrdirector@beaumont.ieForamoredetailedjobdescriptionbrochurepleaseaccesswww.beaumont.ie/careersClosingdate:4thDecember2023.InterviewswillbeheldbeforetheendofDecember,2023.1.WhatistheCEOofBeaumontHospitalprimarilyinchargeof?A.Makinganew5-YearPlan. B.ManagingtheHospitalBoard.C.Guidingthestrategicdirection. D.Layingdownpolicydirections.2.Towhomcancandidatesmakecertaininquiries?A.MsPaulinePhilip. B.TheHRdirector. C.MrJohnPepper. D.TheChiefExecutiveOfficer.3.Inwhichsectionofanewspaperdoesthistextprobablyappear?A.CloudHospitalServices. B.MedicalGuidance.C.MedicalExpertColumn. D.CareerOpportunities.BInherlatestgardeningstory,JessicaDamianotellsofthegardenpestsanddiseasesshehasseeninherplants.Shesuggestsactingquicklywhendealingwiththeseissues,astheycanrapidlyspreadandcausesignificantdamagetoplanthealthandgrowth.Hermeasurealwaysbeginswiththegentlesttreatmentpossible.Sheonlyintensifieshertreatmentswhennecessary.Eventhen,shehasherlimits.Damianosaysshewouldratherloseaflowerorvegetableplantthanusestrongchemicals.Inthecaseofhertomatoplants,Damianocaughttheaphids,apest,early.Shewashedthemoffandremovedtheonesthatwouldnotcomeoffbyusingherfingersundermovingwater.Hadtheinvasionbeensevereorthewaterandfingerremovalmethodbeenineffective,shewouldhaveusedNeemoil.ThisorganicoilfromNeemtreeseeds,killsaphidsandissafeforplantsthatwillbeconsumed.However,shewouldapplyitaftersunsetwhenhelpfulinsectsarelessactive.Onthesameday,DamianoalsofoundscarletlilybeetlesonherAsiaticlilyplants.Theycoverthemselvesinwaste.Thismakesthemlessappealingtothosethatwouldwanttoeatthem.Butthecoatingalsoprotectsthemfromchemicals,makingthemdifficulttoremove.Tofightagainstthem,shephysicallytappedthebeetlesintoamixtureofwater,soap,vinegar,orhouseholdcleaners.Herrhododendron,afloweringplant,gotattackedbyapestcalledazaleabarkscalelastsummer.Whenshenoticedthereturnofthesewhiteinsectsthisyear,sheimmediatelyremovedtheinfestedleaves.Fortheremainingleaveswithafewpests,shewasabletoremovethembytouchingeachinsectwithsomerubbingalcohol.Byworkingearly,Damianoslowedorstoppedinfestationsthatcouldhavekilledherplants.Thesamewouldbetruefordiseases,manyofwhichalsorespondbettertoearlytreatments.4.WhatdoesJessicadowithgardenpestsinitially?A.Actquicklywithchemicals. B.Trytoremovethemmanually.C.Getridoftheplantswiththem. D.Allowthemtospreadnaturally.5.WhenwillJessicauseNeemoiltocontrolaphids?A.Theyappearonherplants. B.Shenoticessomesignsofthem.C.Helpfulinsectsdisappear. D.Hermanualmethoddoesn’twork.6.WhatisthepurposeofJessica’sstory?A.Toinformreadersabouttypesofgardenpestsanddiseases.B.Toencouragereaderstouseorganicmethodsforpestcontrol.C.Toshareherpersonalexperiencewithgardenpestsanddiseases.DTowarnreadersaboutthedangersofusingstrongchemicalsonplants.7.WhatcanbeinferredfromJessica’sgardeningpractice?A.Leavingthepestsunattendedhelpshergardenrecover.B.Removingallherplantstofightagainstpestsworksbest.C.Usingstrongchemicalsasearlyaspossiblefunctionsbest.D.Handlinggardenpestsanddiseasesearlyturnsouteffective.CIntheU.S.,arecenttrendshowsagrowingdemandfornaturalwine,whichattachesimportancetominimalprocessingandeco-friendliness.However,IWSRDrinksMarketAnalysisindicatesthatthesewinesstillmakeuplessthanonepercentofsalesin2021.Despiteageneraldeclineinwinebuyerssince2015,demandfornaturalwinesisontheriseatasignificantpace,assaidbyDrizly,anonlinealcoholdeliveryservice.Naturalwinestypicallyuseorganicgrapes,avoidingchemicalsforpestandweedcontrol.Traditionalmethodslikefoottreading(踩)aresometimesemployedforcrushinggrapes.Afterwards,thecrushedgrapesferment(发酵)naturally.Manufacturersdon’taddwater,yeastorothersubstances.Therearesomeexceptions.Somenaturalwinemakersaddextrasulfitesforpreservation.Othersclarifythewinetogetridofanysmallpiecethatcouldmakeitlookcloudy,resultingintheearthyanduniqueflavor.However,themarketfacesbarriersduetoalackofsetdefinitionsfornaturalwine,creatingconfusionandmarketingchallenges.AsProfessorAnitaOberholsterfromUCDavissuggests,defining“naturalwine”couldhelpitsgrowth.Yet,industryopinionsvaryonregulation:whilesomesupportofficialguidelines,others,likeJohnKellerofNeuCellars,worryabouthighercostsinvolvedwithcertification.CEOofVinovest,AnthonyZhangseesanotherproblem.Somewinecompaniesareprofitingusinglabelingcontentlikeimagerythatsuggeststheirwinemakingisnaturalwhentheyarenot.TheEuropeanUnionhastakenmeasurestostopthisbyrequiringwinessoldinitsmarketstolistallcontainedsubstances,startingDecember.It’sexpectedthattheU.S.maysoonadoptsimilarregulations,increasingtransparencyforconsumers.Withtheseadvancements,buyersmaysoonbeabletomakemoreinformedpurchases.8.Whydoesthedemandfornaturalwinegrow?A.Itsflavorisbetterthanotherwines’. B.Consumers’preferencehaschanged.C.Drizlyhasstarteditsonlinedelivery. D.Itsproductionprocessiseco-friendly.9.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph2mean?A.naturalflavors B.specialgrapes C.chemicalcompounds D.winecontainers10.What’sJohnKeller’sconcern?A.Decreaseddemandfornaturalwines. B.Thepotentialriseinproductioncosts.C.Changesinthetasteofnaturalwines. D.Lossofmodernwine-makingmethods.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.OldWaysofMakingWineGainNewFansB.MoreCompaniesAdmireNaturalElementsC.NewWaystoImproveNaturalWine’sFlavorD.MoreStrategiestoPromoteNaturalWineWellDAirpollutionremainsacriticalhealthriskintheEuropeanUnion,claimingover500,000livesin2021,withfindingssuggestingnearlyhalfofthesecouldhavebeenpreventedifpollutionwerereducedtolevelsrecommendedbyhealthexperts.DatafromtheEuropeanEnvironmentAgency(EEA)showthatofthesedeaths,253,000werelinkedtoexposuretofineparticulatematter(PM2.5)goingbeyondtheWorldHealthOrganization’s(WHO)guidelinelimitof5microgramspercubicmeter.Theseparticlesareespeciallydangerousastheycanpassintothebloodstreamandaffectvariousorgans.Nitrogendioxideandozonealsocontributedtothemortality(死亡频率)statistics,associatedwith52,000and22,000deathsrespectively.TheEU’senvironmentcommissioner,VirginijusSinkevicius,underlinedthatairpollutionposesthetopenvironmentalhealthriskintheEU.Nevertheless,thereisevidenceofimprovement,withdeathsfromPM2.5decreasingby41%between2005and2021,andtheEUtargetsareductionof55%by2030.Inresponsetotheseconcerns,theWHO,whichupdateditsairqualityguidelinesin2021,warnsthatnolevelofairpollutioncanbeconsideredsafebuthassetupperlimitsforcertainpollutants.TheEuropeanParliamentvotetobringtheEU’sairqualitystandardsinlinewiththeWHObutdecidedtodelaydoingsountil2035.Sinkeviciussaidthatairqualityisindeedimprovingduetoeffectivecleanairpolicies.Beyonddeathcounts,theEEAalsoassessedairpollution’sbroaderimpactondiseasessuchasasthma,chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease,anddiabetes,stressingnotonlymortalitybutthequalityoflifeimpacts.EEAresearcherAlbertoGonzalezOrtizpointedtoseveredisabilitystatescausedbytheseconditions,worsenedbyairpollution.TheEEA’scomprehensiveapproachshowsthatwhilethefightagainstairpollutionhasseenprogress,immediateactionisstillcriticaltoreducepollutionandreduceitswidespreadeffectsonpublichealth.12.WhydoestheauthormentionspecificfiguresinParagraph1?A.TostresstheriskofPM2.5intheEU. B.Toillustratetheimpactofairpollution.C.Toprovetheimprovementinairpollution. D.ToshowtheguidelinesofEEAlosecontrol.13.WhatdidtheWHOdofortheconcerns?A.Itadjustedairqualitystandardsaccordingly.B.Itdidn’tperformthenewlimitsuntil2035.C.Itclaimedcurrentpollutionlevelswererelativelysafe.D.Itdecidedtochangetheguidelinescompletely.14HowdidSinkeviciusfeelabouttheairqualityinthetext?A.Concernedaboutitspolicies. B.Indifferentduetoitslevel.C.Uncertainaboutitsimpact. D.Optimisticaboutitsprogress.15.Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?A.TheimpactofwisedecisionsonairpollutionintheEU.B.Thespecifichealthconditionsworsenedbyairpollution.C.Theprogressandchallengesindealingwithairpollution.D.TheroleoftheWHOinestablishingglobalhealthpolicies.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyouunderstandthefableofthefrogintheboilingwater,itistimetolearnhowtoavoidbecomingthefrogandmakepositivechangessothatyoucansucceedandliveyourdreamlife.Hereareafewtipsyoucanfollow.____16____Youdon’twanttogothrougheverydaywithouthavingacleardirection.Thefirstthingyouwanttodotocreateabetterfutureistoidentifywhatkindoffutureyoudesire.Onceyouhaveacleardirection,youcanrunasfastasyoucantogetthere.Makeaplanandworkoniteveryday.Besidesknowingwhatyouwant,youneedtoalsoknowwhatyouneedtodotogetthere.____17____Everyoneofuswantstohaveabetterfuture,butmostpeopledon’tknowwhattodotogetthere.Thisiswhyhavingaplanisimportant.Onceyouhaveaplan,allyouneedtodoissticktoyourplanandtakemassiveaction.Takeconsistentaction.Identifyingyourgoalsandknowingyourplanisjustafoundationsteptoachievingthesuccessyouwant.Youalsoneedtotakeactionandworkonyourgoalsifyouwanttoachievethem.____18____Improveyourselfregularly.Justlikeyourphone,youupdateyourmobilephonefromtimetotimesothatthesoftwareisthelatest.____19____Constantlyupdateandimproveyourselfsothatyoucanperformatyourbest.Ifyouwanttobefinanciallyrich,youcan’tjustdonothingaboutyourfinances.____20____Youneedtolearnhowtomanageyourwealthtoo.Alwaysrememberthestoryofthefrogintheboilingwater.AndfollowthetipsIsharedaboutto“hedge”yourselfagainsttheimpactofgradualchanges.A.Createyourfuturetoday,nottomorrow.B.Youneedtotrack,plan,invest,andsave.C.Youneedtodothesametoyourself.D.Setagoalandneverturnasidealongtheway.E.Therefore,createanactionplanforyourgoal.F.Avoidingbeing“cooked”inanenvironmentmatters.G.Youcan’tthinkaboutyourdream,justprayingoverthere.第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iwas11whenIleftLosAngelesforthefirsttime.Mymother,wantingto____21____myrecoveryfromflu,____22____ustoYosemiteNationalPark.It’smorethansevendecades,butIstillrememberourcar____23____fromthenearlymile-longWawonaTunnel(隧道)andseeingthefamouslandscape.IknewimmediatelyIwassomewhere____24____OnceIhadmyownfamily,Idrovemychildrento____25____nationalparksthemselves.Oneofthe____26____spotswasChaco,acanyon(峡谷)intheAmericanSouthwest.WithinChaco,wecouldexplorethe____27____ofanancientcivilizationthatexistedlongbeforeEuropeans____28____thiscontinent.Wewere____29____tothehistoryofthearea,wherewe’dlearnhowChaco’sfamousancientstructures_____30_____acrossthedesertlandscape,aplacetowhichmanycommunitiesstill_____31_____connectionstoday.Steppingonthesamepathsotherswalkedoverathousandyearsagotoreachthe_____32_____oftheirworld,youfeelyourconnectiontotheland.Sometimes,Iwonderwhatthey’dthinkiftheycouldlook_____33_____intimeandseehowwe’vetreatedthenaturalworld._____34_____,thelandscapesaroundChacohavelongbeen_____35_____foroilandgasdrillingthatwill_____36_____whatwasoncethecenterofanancientcivilization.Thisiswhythegovernment’srecentdecisiontoprotectitisso_____37_____.Ancientpeoplewouldtravellongtoreachthisculturalcenter,whichhasleftbehindmysteriesthatcontinueto_____38_____us.WhileIamthankfulChacoCanyonwillgetthe_____39_____itdeserves,wemustdobetterinpreservingthelands.Evenasan11-year-oldatYosemite,Iknew_____40_____Iwassomewherespecial,andIstillgetthatfeelingtothisdayeverytimeIvisitChacoCanyon.21.A.prove B.celebrate C.ensure D.speed22A.drove B.led C.rushed D.dragged23.A.suffering B.hiding C.emerging D.starting24.A.remote B.famous C.special D.mysterious25.A.preserve B.clean C.design D.experience26.A.favorite B.convenient C.crowded D.suitable27.A.landscape B.parks C.remains D.success28.A.madeuseof B.gotridof C.paidattentionto D.setfooton29.A.committed B.drawn C.accustomed D.assigned30.A.came B.got C.went D.spread31A.ignore B.imagine C.suspect D.maintain32.A.destination B.center C.edge D.top33.A.back B.around C.forward D.out34.A.Naturally B.Unfortunately C.Joyfully D.Accidentally35.A.targeted B.meant C.exchanged D.known36.A.restore B.discover C.shelter D.damage37.A.significant B.surprising C.effective D.apparent38.A.frighten B.amuse C.confuse D.disappoint39.A.reputation B.protection C.reward D.attention40.A.immediately B.gradually C.basically D.probably第II卷(50分)注意事项：用0.5毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第三部分语言知识运用第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。KejuwasanessentialpartoftheChinesegovernmentadministrationfromitsfoundingintheSuiDynastyuntilitwasabolishedin1905.Itwasamethodtoelectthetalentedtothegovernment____41____(office)postsinancientChina.Examinationswereheldatfourlevels.Atthefirstthreelevels,candidates____42____(test)ontheirknowledgeoftheConfucianclassics,andtheirability____43____(compose)poemsongivensubjects.Atthefinallevel,alsocalledthepalaceexamination,candidatesneededtoshow____44____theyanalyzedcontemporarypoliticalproblems.IndividualswhosucceededinthisexamwereraisedtothelevelofJinshi.____45____successrateinKejuwaslow:onlyabouttwopercentintheTangDynasty.Manycandidatesexperienced____46____(repeat)failures,andsomecontinuedtakingexamsevenwhentheybecameold,gray-hairedmen.____47____(general),anymaleadult,regardlessofhiswealthorsocialstatus,couldbecomeahigh-rankingcivilservantthroughKeju.TherearemanyexamplesinChinesehistoryofthosewhomovedfromalowsocialstatustopolitical____48____(celebrity)throughsuccessinKeju.Kejuservedasamodel____49____thecivil-servicesystemsinotherAsianandWesterncountries,suchasKoreaandJapan.Inthelate19thcenturies,the_____50_____(admit)totheBritishcivilserviceadministrationdependedonsuccessinanexaminationinclassicalstudies.第四部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分)51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Today,I’dliketoshareyousomethingaboutmysisterwhominspiresmealot.Shehasalwaysbeenmyrolemodelsduetoherdetermination.Mysister,currentlyincollegepursuingherdreamofbecomingadoctor,havefacednumerousobstaclesalongtheway.Therefore,neverdidsheletthesesetbacksdiscourageher.Instead,sheturneditintosteppingstonesforsuccess.Herdeterminationtoachievehergoalshastaughtmethegreatlyimportanceofnevergivingup.Additionally,mysister’sabilitytofindsolutionstoanyprobleminspiresmedeeply.Andherapproachtoovercomechallengeswithasmileremindsmeofthatapositivemindsetcanovercomeanydifficulty.Inconclusion,inspiringbyherstory,Iwilltrytofollowinherfootstepsandachievemyowndreamswiththesamelevelofdetermination.第二节书面表达(满分25分)52.你校英语园地正在征集关于友谊的英语文章。请从下面两个观点中，选择一个，写一篇英语文章投稿。观点如下：1.Themorefriendsyouhave,thehappieryou’llbe.2.Havingafewtruefriendsisenough.注意：1.字数100词左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________KS5U2024全国甲卷压轴卷英语参考答案和解析第一部分听力（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）1～5：CBBAA 6～10：ABBCA 11～15：AABCC 16～20：CCBAC第二部分：阅读理解第一节A【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了博蒙特医院的岗位招募通知以及职位概要。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“TheChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO)isresponsiblefordrivingtheoverallstrategicdirection,operationsandperformanceofBeaumontHospital,anditsrelatedservicesandresources,withinpolicydirectionslaiddownbytheHospitalBoardandtheDepartmentofHealth/HSEtodelivereffectiveandefficientpatientcare.”（首席执行官（CEO）负责推动博蒙特医院的整体战略方向、运营和绩效，以及在医院董事会和卫生部/HSE制定的政策指导下，为患者提供有效和高效的护理。）可知，博蒙特医院的首席执行官主要负责引导战略方向。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章下面的列单信息中“InformalConfidentialinquiriesto:MsPaulinePhilip,Chair,BeaumontHospitalBoard”（非正式保密询问：PaulinePhilip女士，博蒙特医院董事会主席）可知，候选人可以向PaulinePhilip女士询问某些问题。故选A项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章大意以及PositionSummary（职位概要）和列单信息中“InterestedcandidatesshouldapplybysendingtheirCVandcoverletterto:MrJohnPepper,HumanResourcesDepartment”（有意者可将简历及求职信寄至：人力资源部的JohnPepper先生）可知，文章主要介绍了博蒙特医院的岗位招募通知以及职位概要。由此可推知，这篇文章可能出现在报纸职业机会这个版面。故选D项。第一节B【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文分享了JessicaDamiano

对花园病虫害的亲身经历。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Inthecaseofhertomatoplants,Damianocaughttheaphids,apest,early.”（在种植番茄的过程中，达米亚诺很早就捕获了一种害虫蚜虫）和第三段“Hadtheinvasionbeensevereorthewaterandfingerremovalmethodbeenineffective,shewouldhaveusedNeemoil.”（如果入侵严重，或者水和手指去除方法无效，她会使用印楝油。）可知，Jessica最初对花园害虫是手动清除。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Hadtheinvasionbeensevereorthewaterandfingerremovalmethodbeenineffective,shewouldhaveusedNeemoil.”（如果入侵严重，或者水和手指去除方法无效，她会使用印楝油。）可知，手动方法不起作用，会用印楝油清理蚜虫。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Inherlatestgardeningstory,JessicaDamianotellsofthegardenpestsanddiseasesshehasseeninherplants.Shesuggestsactingquicklywhendealingwiththeseissues,astheycanrapidlyspreadandcausesignificantdamagetoplanthealthandgrowth.”（在她最新的园艺故事中，杰西卡·达米亚诺讲述了她在花园植物中看到的害虫和疾病。她建议在处理这些问题时迅速采取行动，因为它们可以迅速传播并对植物健康和生长造成重大损害。）以及下文她对花园病虫害的亲身经历推知，作者的目的是分享她对花园病虫害的亲身经历。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Byworkingearly,Damianoslowedorstoppedinfestationsthatcouldhavekilledherplants. Thesamewouldbetruefordiseases,manyofwhichalsorespondbettertoearlytreatments.”（通过提早工作，达米亚诺减缓或阻止了可能导致植物死亡的虫害。疾病也是如此，其中许多疾病对早期治疗也有更好的反应）可知，及早处理花园病虫害是有效的。故选D项。第一节C【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了最近的一个趋势表明，对天然葡萄酒的需求越来越大，这也导致了一些市场出现假的天然葡萄酒，购买者需要明智地选择。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“IntheU.S.,arecenttrendshowsagrowingdemandfornaturalwine,whichattachesimportancetominimalprocessingandeco-friendliness.(在美国，最近的一项趋势表明，对天然葡萄酒的需求越来越大，这种葡萄酒重视最低限度的加工和生态友好。)”可知，对天然葡萄酒的需求增大是因为天然葡萄酒重视最低限度的加工和生态友好，故其生产过程是生态友好型的，故选D。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词sulfites前文“Manufacturersdon’taddwater,yeastorothersubstances.Therearesomeexceptions.(制造商不添加水、酵母和其他物质。也有一些例外。)”可知，前文提到也有例外的制造商会加东西，且根据划线词后文“forpreservation(为了保存)”可知，添加的东西是为了葡萄酒的保存，故划线词与C项“化学成分”意思相近，制造商会添加化学成分从而更好地保存葡萄酒，故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Yet,industryopinionsvaryonregulation:whilesomesupportofficialguidelines,others,likeJohnKellerofNeuCellars,worryabouthighercostsinvolvedwithcertification.(然而，关于监管的看法各不相同：尽管一些人支持官方指导，但其他人，比如说NeuCellars的JohnKeller，担心更高的认证成本。)”可知，担心认证成本会变得更高，从而导致更高的生产成本，故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“IntheU.S.,arecenttrendshowsagrowingdemandfornaturalwine,whichattachesimportancetominimalprocessingandeco-friendliness.(在美国，最近的一项趋势表明，对天然葡萄酒的需求越来越大，这种葡萄酒重视最低限度的加工和生态友好。)”以及下文的讲述可知，本文介绍了最近的一个趋势表明，以传统方式，天然制造出来的天然葡萄酒在美国的需求越来越大，故A项“传统的制酒方式获得了新的粉丝”符合文章标题，故选A。第一节D【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究结果表明，降低污染可以预防因空气污染而夺去的生命。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“AirpollutionremainsacriticalhealthriskintheEuropeanUnion,claimingover500,000livesin2021,withfindingssuggestingnearlyhalfofthesecouldhavebeenpreventedifpollutionwerereducedtolevelsrecommendedbyhealthexperts.DatafromtheEuropeanEnvironmentAgency(EEA)showthatofthesedeaths,253,000werelinkedtoexposuretofineparticulatematter(PM2.5)goingbeyondtheWorldHealthOrganization’s(WHO)guidelinelimitof5microgramspercubicmeter.Nitrogendioxideandozonealsocontributedtothemortality(死亡频率)statistics,associatedwith52,000and22,000deathsrespectively.(空气污染仍然是欧盟的一个关键健康风险，2012年夺走了50多万人的生命，研究结果表明，如果污染降至卫生专家建议的水平，其中近一半是可以预防的。欧洲环境署的数据显示，在这些死亡病例中，25.3万例与细颗粒物接触有关，超过了世界卫生组织每立方米5微克的限制。二氧化氮和臭氧也造成了死亡，分别有5.2万人和2.2万人死去。)”可知，这些数字都表明了空气污染夺去了很多人的生命，故其证明了空气污染带来的影响，故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Inresponsetotheseconcerns,theWHO,whichupdateditsairqualityguidelinesin2021,warnsthatnolevelofairpollutioncanbeconsideredsafebuthassetupperlimitsforcertainpollutants.(为了回应这些担忧，世界卫生组织在2021年更新了其空气质量指南，并警告说，任何空气污染水平都不能认为是安全的，但对某些污染物设定了上限。)”可知，为了回应这些担忧，世界卫生组织更新了空气质量指南，故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Sinkeviciussaidthatairqualityisindeedimprovingduetoeffectivecleanairpolicies.(Sinkevicius说道，因为有效的清洁空气政策，空气质量的确在改善。)”可知，Sinkevicius认为有效的政策的确促使空气质量的改善，故他对空气质量是持有积极乐观的态度，认为随着政策的进行，空气质量会越来越好，故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“TheEEA’scomprehensiveapproachshowsthatwhilethefightagai