+Unit+2++语法精讲精练综合讲义 牛津译林版九年级英语上册

九上Unit2that、if或whether引导的宾语从句一、基本定义1.宾语；动词或介词后面的名词或代词IwatchTV.名词Tom’smotherlooksathimangrily.代词2.宾语从句：在宾语的位置上放一个完整的句子Milliebelievesherbrother.Milliebelievesthatherbrotherwillbeateachersoon.→说出2个句子的宾语。第一个句子的宾语是___________，第二个句子的宾语是_______________,其中_______________叫主句，_______________是从句。→说出下面3个句子的主句和从句。A.Heknowsthatheisgoodatplayingfootball.B.Millieaskedif/whethertheyhadbeentotheUSA.C.Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.总结：_______________是主句，剩下的由___________引导的是宾语从句。二、宾语从句的三要素（一）引导词（连接词）在主句和从句之间有一个引导词，从句构成:“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”。Ihopethatyourdreamswillcometrueoneday.主句↓从句连接词that引导的宾语从句1.that引导的宾语从句，由陈述句转化而来，表示陈述一件事情。Petersays,“IamwatchingTV.”→Petersays（that）heiswatchingTV.2.that只起连接作用，不作句子成分，其本身也没有意义，有时可以省略。如：Hetoldme(that)hecouldlookafterhimself．他告诉我他自己照顾自己。3.that引导的宾语从句，主句的谓语动词可以是hope，know，believe,think等；也可用于主句形容词之后，如：happy，sure，afraid，sorry等。如：Amythinksthatshecangototheparktomorrow．Amy认为她明天能去公园。Iamhappythatyoucanwritealettertomeeveryweek.我很高兴你能每周写信给我。★that不能省略的情况：当主句后有两个宾语从句时，第二个宾语从句that不能省略Hesays(that)greenrepresentsnatureandthatitcanmakeyoufeelenergetic.【练习】TextbookP26if或whether引导的宾语从句1.if或whether可引导宾语从句，从句的意义相当于一个一般疑问句。如：“AreyoufromChina?”sheaskedme.→Sheaskedmeif/whetherIwasfromChina.她问我是不是来自中国。2.连词if和whether在从句中不作成分，在从句中有意义，意为“是否”，口语中多用if如：Bobwondersif/whetherhiscousinwillplaywithhimnextSunday．Bob想知道他的堂弟下周日能否和他一起玩。★3.if和whether引导宾语从句时，一般可以互换，但下列情况只能用whether，不能用if：(1)当与or

not连用时I

don'

t

know

whether

Tomisgoodatdrawingor

not.我不知道Tom是否擅长画画。(2)与动词不定式todo连用时，They

haven'

t

decided

whether

to

leave.他们还没有决定是否离开。(3)在介词后常用

whether,Itdepends

on

whether

it

will

be

rainy.这取决于是不是雨天。★4.if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句的区分是否宾语从句时态：根据题意If如果条件状语从句时态：主将从现我们不知道明天是否晴天。如果不是晴天，我们就不出去了。Wedon'

tknowifitwillbesunnythisSunday.Ifitisn’tsunny,wewon'

tgoout.↓↓↓是否如果主将从现【练习】1.—Iamnotsureyoueatfruitseveryday.—Iknowtheydogoodtomyhealth,soIeatthemeveryday.A.if;thatB.if;ifC.that;thatD.that;if2.----Idon'tknowtheyhavedonetheirhomework.----Ofcourse.A.whatB.whenC.ifD.where3.AmysaystheywillgotoJapannextSunday.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.who4.WhenBobarrivedthere,heknewheshouldbeginanewlife.A.ifB.whetherC.whichD.that5.Hesaid______shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster'sdesk.A.that B.if C.whether D.what6.—Jenny,I’mnotsure________themedicineworks.Youneedtotry.—Itdoes.Ifeelalotbetternow.A.why B.that C.whether D.where7.Idon'tknowifMum________thisnight.Ifshe_________,Iwillcallyou.A.willcomeback;willcomebackB.comesback;comesbackC.willcomeback;comesbackD.comesback;willcomeback8..—WillyoubuythisscarfforMum?—Ihavenoidea.Idon'tknow_______thecolourmatcheshernewhat.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.if（二）语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即形式为：主语+谓语。Tomwantstoknow...+WillMilliegoornot?TomwantstoknowwhetherMilliewillgoornot.Tomwantstoknow...+Isitrainingnow?Tomwantstoknowifitisrainingnow.【练习】TextbookP27B1（三）时态宾语从句的时态和主句的时态有关。1.若主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态可以是所需的任何时态。（需要性原则）①Amy说她已经完成作业了。Amysays(that)she(finish)hishomework.②Tom说他的妈妈正在阅读。Tomsays(that)hismother(read)now.若主句是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态是过去的某种时态。（呼应性原则）（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）①他说他们暑假将去英国。Hesaidthey(go)totheUKforsummerholiday.②她不知道他们是否去过公园了。Shedidn’tknowifthey(be)tothepark.③Daniel不确定外面是否在下雪。Danielwasn’tsureifit__________________(rain)outside.④Kitty很开心她每天骑自行车上学。Kittywasgladthatshe______________(ride)abiketoschool.★3.从句的内容是客观真理或不可改变的自然现象等，即使主句用过去时态，从句也要用一般现在时。（特殊性原则）①我妈妈告诉我太阳从东方升起。Mymothertoldmethatthesun(rise)intheeast.②老师说光比声音传播得快。Theteachersaidlight(travel)fasterthansound.主句从句一般现在时一般过去时现在时根据题意(do/doesam/is/are)(didwas/were)现在进行时过去进行时(am/is/aredoing)(was/weredoing)一般将来时过去将来时过去时过去的某个时态(willdo)(woulddo)现在完成时过去完成时（havedone）（haddone）一般现在时客观真理或事实【练习】1.Ellasaidthatshe___toJiangsu.A.hadneverbeenB.hasneverbeenC.hadnevergoneD.hasnevergone2.Thestudentsaskediftheysomebooksandpenswiththem.A.takesB.willtakeC.tookD.take3.Thegirlswanttoknowwhethertheydictation(听写)thisafternoon.A.hasB.haveC.willhaveD.had4.Simonknewthemoonroundtheearth.A.hastravelledB.travelledC.hadtravelledD.travels5.SheaskedCindyifgoandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shemayD.shecan6.MrWutoldusthesunintheeast.A.roseB.risesC.riseD.hadrisen7.—Wha