外刊改编语法填空题Day+31-Day+32- 高三英语一轮复习

原创外刊改编语法填空题打卡Day31IndianrailwayshaveanimpressivesafetyrecordFrom:TheEconomist Itwasaround7pmonJune2ndwhenatraintravellingfromKolkatainWestBengaltoChennai,1,700kmdownIndia’seastcoast,smashedatfullspeedintoaparkedfreighttraininthestateofOdisha,250kmsouthofKolkata.Thepassengertrain’scoacheswerederailedandcollidedwiththerearcoachesofanothertraintravellingintheoppositedirection. Thetrainswerecarryingaround2,000people,manyof_____1_____migrantsfromWestBengalofftoseekworkinthe

richersouth.Atleast288werekilledandmorethan1,100injured,manyofthemgravely. Thecauseoftheaccident,thedeadlieston

India’srailways

since1999,whenatleast290peoplediedinatrain_____2_____(collide)inWestBengal,wasstillunclear.Aninitialreportpointedtoasignalfailure,_____3_____expertssuggestedthatwouldnotnormallyleadtosuchacalamity.Therailwaysministerhashintedthatequipmentwastamperedwithandordereda_____4_____(crime)probe. Notwithstandingthisdisaster,railtravelisnotespeciallydangerousinIndia,wheresome20mpeopletakeatraineveryday.Oftheroughly25,000whodiedintrain-relatedaccidentseveryyearbeforethepandemic(anumberthathadchangedlittleinadecade),most_____5_____(run)overorfellfromtrains.Andthenumberofsuchseriousincidentsisdecreasing.Bycontrast,some300,000peopleareestimatedtodieon

India’sroads

eachyear. Evenso,thetragedyinOdishaispotentiallyembarrassingforthegovernmentofNarendraModi,_____6_____(give)its

greatemphasis

ondevelopingIndia’srailwaysandroads.Thisyearitplanstospendtheequivalentof1.7%ofGDPonthem,morethanfourtimesasmuchasIndiawasspendingadecadeago,andarounddoubletheproportionspentbymostdevelopedcountries.MrModihadbeenduetoinaugurateanewhigh-speedVandeBharatservicethedayafterthedisaster.Insteadhevisitedthecrashsite,wherehe,too,promisedtofindtheculprit:“_____7_____isfoundguiltywillbepunishedseverely”. Despitetherailways’reasonablesafetyrecord,thecrashislikelytoexacerbateclaimsthat,initspushfornewtracksandfastertrains,hisgovernmentisneglectingupgradestoexistingtracksandequipment.LastyearanauditofderailmentsbyIndia’scomptroller-generalfoundrailwayofficialshadnotspentthebudgetsetasidefortrackrepairs,eventhoughithaddeclined.Aspecialfundtopayforsafetyimprovementswasnotadequatelyreplenishedinanyyearbetween2017and2022.TwodaysafterthecrashinOdisha,anewbridge_____8_____(build)nowovertheGangesinthenorthernstateofBiharcollapsedforthesecondtimeinjustoverayear,killingnobodybutcastingdoubtonthequalityofflagshipconstructionprojects. Thegovernmentdeniesthatitisskimpingonsafety.Itnotesthatithasacceleratedtheeliminationofdangerouslevel-crossings,particularlyonlines_____9_____trainstravelathigherspeeds,andbeguntheroll-outofananti-crashsystemonsometrains._____10_____thewakeofthetragedyinOdisha,itvowedtoinstalladditionalsecurityfeaturesonsignallingequipment.IndianrailwayshaveanimpressivesafetyrecordFrom:TheEconomist Itwasaround7pmonJune2ndwhenatraintravellingfromKolkatainWestBengaltoChennai,1,700kmdownIndia’seastcoast,smashedatfullspeedintoaparkedfreighttraininthestateofOdisha,250kmsouthofKolkata.Thepassengertrain’scoacheswerederailedandcollidedwiththerearcoachesofanothertraintravellingintheoppositedirection. Thetrainswerecarryingaround2,000people,manyofthemmigrantsfromWestBengalofftoseekworkinthe

richersouth.Atleast288werekilledandmorethan1,100injured,manyofthemgravely. Thecauseoftheaccident,thedeadlieston

India’srailways

since1999,whenatleast290peoplediedinatraincollision(collide)inWestBengal,wasstillunclear.Aninitialreportpointedtoasignalfailure,butexpertssuggestedthatwouldnotnormallyleadtosuchacalamity.Therailwaysministerhashintedthatequipmentwastamperedwithandorderedacriminal(crime)probe. Notwithstandingthisdisaster,railtravelisnotespeciallydangerousinIndia,wheresome20mpeopletakeatraineveryday.Oftheroughly25,000whodiedintrain-relatedaccidentseveryyearbeforethepandemic(anumberthathadchangedlittleinadecade),mostwererun(run)overorfellfromtrains.Andthenumberofsuchseriousincidentsisdecreasing.Bycontrast,some300,000peopleareestimatedtodieon

India’sroads

eachyear. Evenso,thetragedyinOdishaispotentiallyembarrassingforthegovernmentofNarendraModi,given(give)its

greatemphasis

ondevelopingIndia’srailwaysandroads.Thisyearitplanstospendtheequivalentof1.7%ofGDPonthem,morethanfourtimesasmuchasIndiawasspendingadecadeago,andarounddoubletheproportionspentbymostdevelopedcountries.MrModihadbeenduetoinaugurateanewhigh-speedVandeBharatservicethedayafterthedisaster.Insteadhevisitedthecrashsite,wherehe,too,promisedtofindtheculprit:“Whoeverisfoundguiltywillbepunishedseverely”. Despitetherailways’reasonablesafetyrecord,thecrashislikelytoexacerbateclaimsthat,initspushfornewtracksandfastertrains,hisgovernmentisneglectingupgradestoexistingtracksandequipment.LastyearanauditofderailmentsbyIndia’scomptroller-generalfoundrailwayofficialshadnotspentthebudgetsetasidefortrackrepairs,eventhoughithaddeclined.Aspecialfundtopayforsafetyimprovementswasnotadequatelyreplenishedinanyyearbetween2017and2022.TwodaysafterthecrashinOdisha,anewbridgebeingbuilt(build)nowovertheGangesinthenorthernstateofBiharcollapsedforthesecondtimeinjustoverayear,killingnobodybutcastingdoubtonthequalityofflagshipconstructionprojects. Thegovernmentdeniesthatitisskimpingonsafety.Itnotesthatithasacceleratedtheeliminationofdangerouslevel-crossings,particularlyonlineswheretrainstravelathigherspeeds,andbeguntheroll-outofananti-crashsystemonsometrains.InthewakeofthetragedyinOdisha,itvowedtoinstalladditionalsecurityfeaturesonsignallingequipment.印度铁路有着令人难忘的安全记录 6月2日晚上大约7点，一列从西孟加拉邦的加尔各答开往印度东海岸的金奈的列车以全速撞向在奥里萨邦停放的一列货车，距离加尔各答以南250公里。乘客列车的车厢脱轨并与另一列相向行驶的列车的尾车相撞。 这些列车上共载有约2000人，其中许多是来自西孟加拉邦的移民，前往更富裕的南方寻找工作。至少288人死亡，1100多人受伤，其中许多人伤势严重。 这起事故是自1999年以来印度铁路上造成的最严重的事故，当时至少有290人在西孟加拉邦的一次列车相撞事故中丧生。事故的原因尚不清楚。初步报告指出信号故障，但专家表示，这通常不会导致如此大的灾难。铁路部长暗示有人篡改了设备，并下令进行刑事调查。 尽管发生了这起灾难，但在印度，铁路旅行并不特别危险，每天约有2000万人乘坐火车。在大流行病爆发之前，每年有大约2.5万人死于与火车有关的事故（这个数字在过去十年中变化不大），其中大多数是被撞死或从火车上摔下来的。此类严重事故的数量正在减少。相比之下，据估计每年有大约30万人在印度的道路上丧生。 即便如此，奥里萨邦的这场悲剧可能会给纳伦德拉·莫迪政府带来尴尬，考虑到该政府非常重视发展印度的铁路和道路。今年，该政府计划在铁路和道路上的支出相当于国内生产总值的1.7%，是十年前的四倍多，也是大多数发达国家支出比例的两倍。莫迪原本计划在事故发生后的第二天为新的高速“VandeBharat”服务举行开幕式。然而，他改变了计划，前往事故现场，他也承诺找到罪魁祸首：“无论找到的人是谁，都将受到严厉的惩罚”。 尽管铁路在安全方面有相对良好的记录，但这起事故可能加剧对莫迪政府的指责，认为在推动修建新轨道和更快列车的同时，忽视了对现有轨道和设备的升级。去年，印度审计长对脱轨事故进行的审计发现，铁路官员没有花费拨款用于轨道维修，尽管拨款额有所减少。为安全改进支付的专项资金在2017年至2022年间没有得到充分补充。在奥里萨邦发生碰撞事故的两天后，比哈尔邦北部正在建造的一座新桥第二次坍塌，一年多来未造成人员伤亡，但对旗舰建设项目质量产生了质疑。 政府否认节省安全经费。政府指出，他们加快了消除危险平交道的进程，特别是在列车以更高速度行驶的线路上，并开始在一些列车上推出防撞系统。在奥里萨邦的悲剧发生后，政府承诺在信号设备上安装额外的安全功能。 生词积累smashv.打碎，（使）粉碎；（使）猛击，（使）猛撞；collidev.冲突，抵触；（迥异的事物）碰在一起；碰撞，相撞gravelyadv.严重地；严肃地；严峻地；沉重地deadlyadj.致命的；极度的calamityn.灾难，灾祸tamperv.做手脚，破坏notwithstandingprep.虽然，尽管adv.尽管如此conj.虽然，尽管exacerbatev.使恶化，使加剧derailmentn.出轨，脱轨skimpvt.克扣；对……不够用心；舍不得给；少给eliminationn.消除，排除inthewakeof在之后：指在某个事件或情况之后紧接着发生或出现原创外刊改编语法填空题打卡Day32IsChina’sgaokaotheworld’stoughestschoolexam?From:TheGuardian The

gaokao

isemblematicoftheChineseeducationsystemasawhole.Inthewest,itisoftenseenasmonolithicandrote;inChinaastoughbutfair.InEuropeandAmerica,thereisthenotionthatChineseschoolsproduceautomatonsincapable_____1______criticalthought;inChina,manyseemtothinkthatwesternclassroomsarefullofstudentsstandingondesksand_____2______(rip)uptextbooks,àlaDeadPoetsSociety.Yet,wheretheChinesemodelusedtoberoundlycriticisedforrewardingrotelearning,nowthesystem’sgruellingscheduleand_____3______(suppose)highstandardsareincreasinglyadmiredoverseas.ThomasFriedman,theNewYorkTimescolumnist,haspraisedShanghai’sschoolsystemwithattimesabsurdhyperbole. InChinatherearenoillusionsaboutthesystembeingperfect.Theexamiswidelycriticisedforputtingimpossiblepressuresonchildren.Dissatisfactionwiththe

gaokao

isonereasonthat,amongwealthiersegmentsofthepopulation,largenumbersofstudentsarechoosingtostudyabroad.But,ultimately,mostpeoplesupportit,oratleastseenoalternative.“Chinahastoomanypeople,”is_____4______commonrefrain,usedtoexcuseeverythingfromurbantraffictoruralpoverty.Giventheintensecompetitionforfinitehighereducationresources,theargumentgoes,therehastobesomewaytoseparatethewheatfromthechaff,andtogivehardworkingstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsachancetorisetothetop. Thetraditionofasingleexamthatdecidesayoungperson’sprospectsisone_____5______goesbacktoantiquityinChina.Theimperialexaminationsor

keju,whichtestedapplicantsforgovernmentoffice,wasintroducedintheHandynasty(206BCtoAD220),andbecamethesolecriterionforselectionfromthe7thcenturyuntilitsabolitionin1905.Aspiringbureaucratssatathree-dayexam_____6______(lock)insideasinglecell,inwhichtheyalsosleptandate.The“eight-leggedessay”wasthemostimportantpaper,anargumentineightsectionsthatelaboratedonathemewhilequotingfromclassicssuchasConfuciusandMencius.Allapplicantswerecheckedforhiddenscrolls;writingquotesonunderwearwasapopularformofcheatinguntilexaminerscottonedon.Thepassratewas1%.Nervouscollapseswereroutine.Thereisevenaghost-deityassociatedwithexamsinChina:ZhongKui,ascholarwhokilledhimselfwhenhe_____7______(deny)firstplace. Whilenotadirectdescendant,the

gaokao

isgenerallyconsideredadistantrelationofthe

keju.The

gaokao

ismadeupoffourthree-hourpapers:Chinese,English,mathsandachoiceofeithersciences(biology,chemistry,physics)orhumanities(geography,history,politics).Thequestionsaremostlymultiple-choiceorfill-in-the-gap,andare______8_____(notorious)hard–themathspaperhasbeencomparedtouniversity-levelmathsintheUK. _____9______isnosurprisethat,formanystudents,thepressureheapedonthembyparents,teachersandthemselves,isoverwhelming.Itispossibletoretaketheexamoneyearlater,butifastudentcontinuestofailthereisnosafetynetoralternativepathtouniversity.Suicidesarearegularfeatureofeveryexamseason;a2014studyclaimedthatexamstresswasacontributingfactorin93%ofcasesinwhichschoolstudentstooktheirownlives.Lastyear,amiddleschoolinHebeiprovincefencedoffitsupper-floordormitorybalconieswithgrates,aftertwostudentsjumpedtotheirdeathsinthemonthsleadinguptothe

gaokao.Andtheacademicstressstartsearly–inJulya10-year-oldboytriedtokillhimselfinoncomingtrafficafterfightingwithhismotherabouthomework.Butstillthestudymillgrindson. InChina,the

gaokao

issometimesdescribedasadumuqiao,whichtranslatesas“single-logbridge”–adifficultpaththateveryonehastowalk.Butsomehavebettershoesthanothers.RichfamilieslayonextratutoringfortheirchildreninwhatJiangXueqin,aCanadian-Chineseeducationscholar,describedasan“armsrace”amonghouseholdslookingtoincreasetheirchild’schances.Provinceswithlargerpopulationshavetougherstandardsof_____10_____(enter)intothebestuniversities,whilethosethataresparselypopulatedsetalowerbar.(Thisloopholehasledtoillegal“gaokao

migrants”transferringtoschoolsinInnerMongoliajustbeforetheexam.)StudentsinBeijingandShanghaigetspecialprivileges–theyarethebeneficiariesofgenerouslocalquotasforthebestuniversities–despitebeingmorelikelytobeprivilegedanyway. IsChina’sgaokaotheworld’stoughestschoolexam?From:TheGuardian The

gaokao

isemblematicoftheChineseeducationsystemasawhole.Inthewest,itisoftenseenasmonolithicandrote;inChinaastoughbutfair.InEuropeandAmerica,thereisthenotionthatChineseschoolsproduceautomatonsincapableofcriticalthought;inChina,manyseemtothinkthatwesternclassroomsarefullofstudentsstandingondesksandripping(rip)uptextbooks,àlaDeadPoetsSociety.Yet,wheretheChinesemodelusedtoberoundlycriticisedforrewardingrotelearning,nowthesystem’sgruellingscheduleandsupposed(suppose)highstandardsareincreasinglyadmiredoverseas.ThomasFriedman,theNewYorkTimescolumnist,haspraisedShanghai’sschoolsystemwithattimesabsurdhyperbole. InChinatherearenoillusionsaboutthesystembeingperfect.Theexamiswidelycriticisedforputtingimpossiblepressuresonchildren.Dissatisfactionwiththe

gaokao

isonereasonthat,amongwealthiersegmentsofthepopulation,largenumbersofstudentsarechoosingtostudyabroad.But,ultimately,mostpeoplesupportit,oratleastseenoalternative.“Chinahastoomanypeople,”isacommonrefrain,usedtoexcuseeverythingfromurbantraffictoruralpoverty.Giventheintensecompetitionforfinitehighereducationresources,theargumentgoes,therehastobesomewaytoseparatethewheatfromthechaff,andtogivehardworkingstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsachancetorisetothetop. Thetraditionofasingleexamthatdecidesayoungperson’sprospectsisonethatgoesbacktoantiquityinChina.Theimperialexaminationsor

keju,whichtestedapplicantsforgovernmentoffice,wasintroducedintheHandynasty(206BCtoAD220),andbecamethesolecriterionforselectionfromthe7thcenturyuntilitsabolitionin1905.Aspiringbureaucratssatathree-dayexamlocked(lock)insideasinglecell,inwhichtheyalsosleptandate.The“eight-leggedessay”wasthemostimportantpaper,anargumentineightsectionsthatelaboratedonathemewhilequotingfromclassicssuchasConfuciusandMencius.Allapplicantswerecheckedforhiddenscrolls;writingquotesonunderwearwasapopularformofcheatinguntilexaminerscottonedon.Thepassratewas1%.Nervouscollapseswereroutine.Thereisevenaghost-deityassociatedwithexamsinChina:ZhongKui,ascholarwhokilledhimselfwhenhewasdenied(deny)firstplace. Whilenotadirectdescendant,the

gaokao

isgenerallyconsideredadistantrelationofthe

keju.The

gaokao

ismadeupoffourthree-hourpapers:Chinese,English,mathsandachoiceofeithersciences(biology,chemistry,physics)orhumanities(geography,history,politics).Thequestionsaremostlymultiple-choiceorfill-in-the-gap,andarenortoriously(notorious)hard–themathspaperhasbeencomparedtouniversity-levelmathsintheUK. Itisnosurprisethat,formanystudents,thepressureheapedonthembyparents,teachersandthemselves,isoverwhelming.Itispossibletoretaketheexamoneyearlater,butifastudentcontinuestofailthereisnosafetynetoralternativepathtouniversity.Suicidesarearegularfeatureofeveryexamseason;a2014studyclaimedthatexamstresswasacontributingfactorin93%ofcasesinwhichschoolstudentstooktheirownlives.Lastyear,amiddleschoolinHebeiprovincefencedoffitsupper-floordormitorybalconieswithgrates,aftertwostudentsjumpedtotheirdeathsinthemonthsleadinguptothe

gaokao.Andtheacademicstressstartsearly–inJulya10-year-oldboytriedtokillhimselfinoncomingtrafficafterfightingwithhismotherabouthomework.Butstillthestudymillgrindson. InChina,the

gaokao

issometimesdescribedasadumuqiao,whichtranslatesas“single-logbridge”–adifficultpaththateveryonehastowalk.Butsomehavebettershoesthanothers.RichfamilieslayonextratutoringfortheirchildreninwhatJiangXueqin,aCanadian-Chineseeducationscholar,describedasan“armsrace”amonghouseholdslookingtoincreasetheirchild’schances.Provinceswithlargerpopulationshavetougherstandardsofentry(enter)intothebestuniversities,whilethosethataresparselypopulatedsetalowerbar.(Thisloopholehasledtoillegal“gaokao

mig