山东省百所名校2025届高三英语下学期4月份第三次质量监测试题

PAGEPAGE15山东省百所名校2025届高三英语下学期4月份第三次质量监测试题考生留意：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIfyoureaftercheapUKtraintickets,checkthesuggestionsbelowandseehowyoucouldbagyourselfabargain.We'11evenhighlightthecheapestprices!·BookinginadvanceTrainticketsintheUKusuallygoonsale3monthsbeforethedateoftravel.Lookoutforadvancetickets,asthesetendtobecheaperwhenthey'refirstreleased.Bequickthough,astheymayselloutonbusierroutes.Findoutmoreaboutouradvanceticketalerttool.·Travelingoff-peakWhentravellingbytrainintheUK,youcanbenefitfromreducedfaresbychoosingthetimeperiodsofdaythatarelessbusy.Whensearchingforticketswithus,we'lldisplayallavailableticketsandoptions,highlightingthecheapestones.Learnmoreaboutoff-peaktraintimefromourwebsite.·UsingthepricepredictiontoolOurcleverlittlepricepredictiontoolwillpredictthefutureandletyouknowwhenticketpricesareabouttogoup,meaningyou’1lnevermissoutonthebestvaluefares.Beattherushandsaveonpricetoo(CurrentlyavailableintheUKapponly).Discoverthemagicofpriceprediction.·ChoosingtheseasonticketcalculatorIfyoutravelonthesameroutemorethanthreetimesaweek,thenseasonticketscouldhelpyoutosavebothvaluabletimeandmoney.Besidesthat,they'realsoavailableinanumberofflexibleoptionstosuitdifferenttimeframes.Checkoutourseasonticketcalculatortodaytogetstarted.1.Whatisthefeatureoftravelingoff-peakbytrainintheUK?A.Thetrainsaretoocrowded.B.Trainticketsareoftensoldout.C.Therearemorepassengersatthistime.D.Thetraveltimeperiodsarerelativelyunoccupied.2.Whatcanvisitorsdoiftheywanttoknowwhentrainfareswillrise?A.Callaheadandask.B.ChecktheAmericanapp.C.Refertothepricepredictiontool.D.Downloadtheseasonticketcalculator.3.Whatistheauthorsmainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toadvertisetrainservices.B.Toencouragepassengerstotravelabroad.C.Tohelpvisitorsspendlessmoneyonrailwaytickets.D.Toofferservicestothetrainpassengersontheway.BThatyoungstersweregluedtoonlinegamesontheirsmartphoneswasagreatconcernforNgurangMeena,aschoolteacherinNirjuli.The30-year-oldsocialscienceteacher,whorantheNgurangLearningInstitute,anadultliteracycentre,saidthatshefeltdisheartenedwhenshereadstudentpapers.“Thegraphofstudentperformanceisfallingeveryyear.ItbreaksmyheartwheneverIseeanswersheets--basicgrammarskillsaremissingandthere'sanabsenceofanycohesive(连贯性的)expression.Theylackguidanceandreadingcultureisalmostzero,”Meenasaid.Whenherschoolandthecentresheranhadtocloseduetoinfectiousdiseases,sheplannedtodosomethingtoaddresstheproblem.InspiredbyasimilarproposalinMizoram,Meenasetupabookshelfwitharound80booksaswellassomebenchesonthesideoftheroadinNirjulionAugust30th,2024,wherepassers-bycouldspendtimereading.Theselectionsincludedmotivationalbooks,biographiesandnovelsaswellascomicsforyoungchildren.“Ihavetopleasetheminorswithsweetstositandread,butthatisokay,”shelaughed.Meena'sbookshelfbecameahitamongyoungsterswhospenthoursinthereadingcorner.Withintwomonths,hereffortbecamethetalkofthetown.Now,generouscontributionsofbookscomeinfromthepublicandsheisevenreceivingrequeststosetupsuchlibrariesinotherpartsofthestate,includingoneinthecapital,Itana-gar.Sincethetinylibrariesarefarfromthemaintown,shealsolendsbooksouttothosewhowanttoreadathome.“Ineverthoughtthatthiswouldbecomesuchabiginspiration,”Meenasaid.“Sincechildhood,wehavebeentoldthatbooksareourbestfriends.Thenextgenerationofkidsisfocusedongamesandotherthings.Idon'twantthemtoheadonthewrongtrack,”sheadded.4.What'stheaimofMeena'sreadingprogram?A.Tocareforyoungsterslackinginreading.B.Tohelpadultslearnsomecohesiveexpression.C.TokeepNgurangLearningInstituterunningwell.D.Tohighlighttheimportanceofreadingforadults.5.WhatdidMeenadotoencourageyoungkidstoreadmore?A.Sheofferedsomerewardstothem.B.Sheprovidedthemwithtransportation.C.Shechosenovelswithbeautifulcovers.D.Sheselectedbookscoveringeverycategory.6.WhichwordscanbestdescribeMeena'slibraries?A.Smallanduseless. B.Influentialandmeaningful.C.Largebutimpractical. D.Widespreadbutunwelcome.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Books:SourcesofKnowledge B.TheRoadsideReadingCornerC.TheLibrary:aParadisefortheYoung D.NewIdeasaboutSettingaReadingPlanCWhileweknowthatlanguagefirstappearedamongHomosapiens(智人)somewherethousandsofyearsago,thesecrettohowlanguageevolvedisstillunknown,andmainstreamtheoriesfallintotwodistinctlydifferentcamps.Onewidelyheldtheoryisthatlanguagecameaboutasanevolutionaryadaptation.Thatwaswheretheideaofnaturalselectioncameintoplay,whichwasthebeliefthatthespecificphysicalfeaturesofapopulationmadethatpopulationmorelikelytosurviveitsenvironment,liketheturtle(海龟)anditsshell.Ononehand,humansneededtocommunicatewitheachotherinordertohunt，farmanddefendthemselvessuccessfullyfromthesurroundingsevereenvironment.Beingabletocommunicatebyusinglanguagegavethehumanspeciesadistinctsurvivaladvantage.Ontheotherhand,languagewasneededforsocialinteraction,accordingtothosewhosubscribedtotheadaptationtheory.Intheirpaper“NaturalLanguageandNaturalSelection,”researchersStevenPinkerandPaulBloomtheorizedthataseriesofcallsorgesturesevolvedovertimeintocombinations,givinguscomplexcommunication,orlanguage.Asthingsbecamemorecomplicatedaroundthem，humansneededamorecomplexsystemtoconveyinformationtooneanother.Earlymansawagroupofdeerhewantedtohunt.Hemadeasoundtohishuntingpartnerthatmeans“deerarenearby.”Oneday,astormcameinandthehunternoticedthatthunderscaredthedeeraway.Asaresult,thehunterwenthungryuntilthestormpassed.Overtime,thesamehunteralsolearnedtorecognizethewarningsignsforbadweather--darkskiesandincreasedwind.Earlymanrealizedthatwhentheskydarkenedandthewindpickedup,heneededtotellhishuntingpartnertospeedupthepursuitofthedeer.Therefore,hecameupwithaseriesofsoundsthatrefertoboththedeerandthebadweather.Thatseriesofsoundswasthebeginningofanevolutionaryadaptationthateventuallybecamelanguage.Ashumanslearnedmoreabouthowtobestsurvive,theydevelopedaneedtoconveythesesurvivalmethodstotheirpopulation.Tobebrief,that'stheadaptationtheory.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theevolutionoflanguage.B.Thepaperonnaturalselection.C.Thedifferencesbetweentheories.D.Theintroductiontohumanreproduction.9.Whyaretheturtleanditsshellmentionedinparagraph2?A.Toshowthemysteryofnature.B.Tosupporttheevolutionaryadaptation.C.Tostresstheadvantageoftheturtlesshell.D.Toencouragepeopletostudynaturalselection.10.Howdoestheauthorexplaintheadaptationtheoryinparagraph3?A.Bycomparing. B.Bylistingdata.C.Bycarryingoutasurvey. D.Bygivinganexample.11.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytellusnext?A.Theexactplacewherehumanscamefrom.B.Theothertheoryofhowlanguageevolved.C.Thereasonswhyanimalscannotformlanguage.D.Themethodsofhumans'shapingnon-verbalthinking.DAcheapprintedsensorcouldtransmitwildfirewarnings.Wildfireshaverecentlydestroyedregionsacrosstheworld,andtheirgravityisincreasing.Hopingtoreduceharm,researchersledbyYapeiWang，aChinesechemistofRenminUniversity,saytheyhavedevelopedaninexpensivesensortodetectsuchfiresearlierwithlesseffort.Currentdetectionmethodsrelyheavilyonhumanwatchfulness,whichcandelayaneffectiveresponse.Mostwildfiresarereportedbythegeneralpublic,andotheralertscomefromroutinefootpatrolsandwatchtowerobservers.Passingplanesandsatellitesalsooccasionallyspotsomething，but“thefirefirstappearsontheground,”Wangsays.“Whenyouseethefirefromthesky,itistoolate.”Theteamsaysitsnewsensorcanbeplacedneartreetrunks'basesandsendawirelesssignaltoanearbyreceiverifthereisadramatictemperatureincrease.Thatheatalsopowersthesensoritself,withoutreplacingbatteries.Theteamprintedthesubstancesontoordinarypapertocreateasensorforjust$0.40.Butimprovingcoordinationamongthedifferentagenciesinvolvedinfirefightingisevenmorecrucialtoaddress,saysGrahamKent,anearthquakeexpertattheUniversityofNevada,Reno,whowasnotpartofthestudy.KentisdirectorofALERTWildfire,anetworkthatusescamerasandcrowdsourcingtowatchforfiresinCalifornia,NevadaandOregon.“Thewholewaythatyourespondtoafireuntilit'sputoutislikeaballet,”hesays.“You'dhavetochoreograph(设计)itjustso,withresourcespreciselyallocatedattherighttimeandplacefromdetectiontoconfirmationtoassignmenttoextinguishment(熄灭).Firedetectionisjuststepone.”Wangsayshisteam'snextstepsaretoextendthedevice'ssignalrangebeyondthecurrent100meters,whichcanlimitpracticaluse,andtodevelopaprotectiveshieldforit.TheTransmitter’seffectiveness,henotes,willalsoneedtobetestedinthefieldahead.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gravity”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Pull. B.Extinction. C.Popularity. D.Seriousness.13.Whatdoweknowaboutthesensor?A.Itspriceremainshigh. B.Itsbatteriesarereplaceable.C.Itcanreducefirefighters'pain. D.Itcandetectfiresearlierandeasier.14.WhatdoesKentmeaninparagraph4?A.Firefightingiseasybutcrucial.B.Technologyisthekeytoextinguishingafire.C.Puttingoutafireisacooperativeandorderlyactivity.D.Theresourcesoffiredetectionarepreciselyallocated.15.What'stheplanforthenewsensoraccordingtoWang?A.Limitingitsuse. B.Reducingitssignalrange.C.Improvingandtestingit. D.Gettingitonthemarketaheadoftime.其次节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Travelingcandosomeharmtoyourhealth.16,fromlosingsleeptorunningaroundalldayandtryingtokeepupwiththeplans,itseasytogetcarriedawaywiththingsandfor-gettotakecareofyourself.So,we’vefoundsomegreattipstohelpyoustayhealthywhiletraveling.GetsomesleepWheneveryouhappentohavesomedowntime,makesuretogetsomesleep.Whetherit’sonaflightorinthecar,sleepingenoughisveryimportantforyourhealth.Physicallytraveling,crossingdifferenttimezones,carryingluggagearound,andwalkingalldaycanbeharshonyourbodyaswell.17DrinkalotofwaterMakesuretocarryawaterbottlewithyouatalltimes，nomatterwhereyou'reheadedto.Newclimateshavemoreofanimpactonyourhydrationlevelsthanyoumightrealize.18.Thenyou'llbemorelikelytoremembertodrinkthroughouttheday.StretchWhenyouhaveafulldayofactivitiesahead,it'simportanttodedicatealittletimeinthemorningtostretchalittle.Take5-10minutestostretchyourwholebodyandprepareyoufortheday.Asidefromenergizingyou,stretchingonaregularbasiswillhelpyoureleasetensioninyourbodyandinturngetbettersleep.19!20Despitethefactthatyou'reonvacation，don'tletthatpreventyoufromyourworkoutroutine.Itmightseemobvious,butifyouaren'tdoingthingsthatareactive,makesuretogetaworkoutintoyourday.Asidefromkeepingyourbodyhealthy,workingoutwillhelpyoufeelbettermentallyaswell.A.It'sawin-winB.GetsomeexerciseC.KeepmentallyhealthyD.WhileyoureontheroadE.Toputitsimply,listentoyourbodyF.Ifyou'reinpoorhealthandintendtorelaxG.Justbesuretostartoffthedaywithplentyofwater其次部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Haveyouevernoticedthefollowingthing?Whentwocolleaguesprepareforidenticalpresentations,the21oftheworkisthesame,butoneworksbetter?MortenHansenhassucha(n)22personalexperience.“WhenIwasinacompanyinLondon,Iworkedreallyhardandtriedto23,”hesays.“AndIdid.ButIfoundmycolleaguesworkingmore24thanIwas,andtheyalsoperformedbetterthoughtheydidless.Thatmademeconfused.”The25stayedwithhimandhe26tofindtheanswers.Hecarriedoutastudy,surveyingmorethan5,00027overfiveyearstofigureouthowtheyworked,andwhat28workingpatternhadontheirperformance.Afterthedatawasanalyzed,somesurprisingconclusionsappeared.“Wealwaysthinkthatbydoingmore,wewill29more,”hesays.“Actually,whatwe’vefoundisthattopperformersdothe30andtheyareveryselective.Theydoless,andthentheyexcelinthosefewthingsandthat'showthey31therest.It'salmostacontraryviewonhowyouaresupposedto32andbehave.”Dolesstoperformbetter-thatindeedhasits33.Butwhatifyourbossdoesn't34itandkeepspilingonthework?Just35itinanappropriatemannerandyou'llfindthatyou'remorecapableofdoingyourjob.21.A.staff B.nature C.pattern. D.amount22.A.similar B.worthless C.professional D.opposite23.A.understand B.succeed C.relax D.cooperate24.A.positively B.carefully C.efficiently D.patiently25.A.secret. B.moral. C.doubt D.faith26.A.resolved B.hesitated C.seemed D.failed27.A.minors B.interviews C.employees D.accidents28.A.impression B.judgement C.comment D.impact29.A.achieve B.budget C.apply. D.satisfy30.A.extra B.familiar C.rough D.opposite.31.A.adore B.outperform C.interfere D.uncover32.A.correspond B.analyze C.explain D.work33.A.tradition B.appeal C.condition D.weakness.34.A.treat B.guarantee C.buy D.manage35.A.turndown B.keepoff C.putupwith D.makeuseof其次节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Hydrogenhastakenoffthisyear36thefuturegreenfuelofchoice,withgovernmentsandbusinesses37(bet)thattheuniverse'smostabundantelementcanhelpfightclimatechange.Morethan150-billion-dollargreenhydrogenprojects38(announce)globallyinthepastninemonths.Intotal,morethan70gigawatts(千兆瓦)ofsuchprojectsareindevelopment,whichcouldrequire$250billionworthofinvestmentby2040,researchfirmRystadEnergyestimates.Recently,China,JapanandtheROKhavejoinedsomeEuropeancountriesinsettingnetzerotargetsforcarbonemissionsbythemiddleof39century.WhenmostdevelopedcountriesalongwithChinaandIndiaplantoboost40(they)renewablepoweroutput,thenetzeroemissionstargetsaredrivingapushtofindwaystomanytraditionalindustries41cannotbeelectrifiedanddependonfossilfuels.Themaintargetsarethosesectorsthatusecoal,oilandgasasrawmaterials,suchasinsteel-making，cementandfertilizers.Tomeetthat42(expect)demand,powerhouseoilandgasexportersfromSaudiArabiatoAustraliahavesetoutpoliciestodevelopproductionandexportofgreenhydrogen.Theothermainbarrieristransportinghydrogenoverlongdistances.43(ship)liquidhydrogen,itneedstobecooledtominus25344(degree)C.Japan'sKawasakiHeavyIndustries45(particular)plantocompleteconstructionoftheworld'sfirstliquefied(液化的)hydrogencarrierbyearly2024.第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假定你是李华，你校英语俱乐部(EnglishClub)正在举办以“节约粮食,反对餐饮奢侈”为主题的征文活动。就此,请你写一篇英语短文参赛，内容包括:1.描述严峻的餐饮奢侈现象；2.给出削减餐饮奢侈的建议；3.呼吁节约粮食。留意：1写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。SaveFoodandOpposeFoodWaste其次节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Weusuallygetupinthemorning,takeaquickshower,makebreakfastandgotostudyorwork.Wetakethemallforgranted.Butwhatifyourebornwithoutlegsandwithoutarms?NickVujicicwasborn,withoutarmsandlegs,in1982inMelbourne,Australia.Nickfacedallkindsofproblemsandtroublesinhislife.ThefirstsightyouseeNick,youmayfeelpityandsorrowforhim.Youmayfeelhisannoyanceandupsetbecausehecanfindeverydaysituationsdifficult.However,Nickdoesn'tmakeaproblemofit.Hehasgotjusta“littledrumstick(鸡腿)”forfootjustashesayshimself,becausehisdogsometimesmistakesitforachickenclaw.Evenbetter,hehasmadeitintoagift,andheaddressestheworldhowtoliveanddealwithmisfortunes,andmakeitaprofit.Nickisaveryremarkablepersonnow.HeisfromAustralia，butmeanwhileheisnotoftenthereanymore.NicktravelsaroundtheworldforhisorganizationLifeWithoutLimbsandheisaspeakeringreatdemandwhoshareshismissionwithmillionsofpeopleworldwide.Heshareswithhisaudiencetheimportanceofvisionanddreamingbig.Hesaysthatattitudeisthemostpowerfultoolinlifeandfailureisjustalearningexperience.Butitwasn'talwaysthatway.LifewasnoteasyforNickwhenhewasyoung.AlthoughNickhadlovingparents,hewouldfindschoollifeveryhardashewouldoftenbeteasedbytheotherchildren.Hecouldn'tmanageitandwithdrewintohimselfmoreandmore.Attheageofl0,hedecidedthatheshouldn'tgoonlikethisandheshouldhavehisowndream.Heextremelywantedtoliveandbetreatedlikeanormalperson,buthefeltlost.留意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Seeinghisdeterminedbutconfusedexpression,Nick'smotheraskedhimwhatwaswrong.ThenNicksatdowninfrontofthemirrorandlookedathimself.高三第三次质量监测英语参考答案阅读:1~3 DCCA篇:本文是一篇应用文。在英国怎样才能买到便宜的火车票呢？本文给出了四条建议：提前预订，非高峰出行，运用票价预料软件和选择季票。1.D【解析】细微环节理解题。依据第三段第一句可知，在英国乘火车旅行时，游客可以选择一天中不那么繁忙的时间来享受实惠票价，这意味着旅行时间段是相对空闲的。2.C【解析】细节理解题。依据第四段第一句可知，priceprediction是一款价格预料工具，它可以预料将来票价走势，让游客知道票价什么时候会上涨。3.C【解析】推理推断题。依据第一段第一句可知，作者的写作目的是让乘客买火车票少花钱。4~7 AABBB篇:本文是一篇记叙文。一位名叫Meena的女老师发觉孩子们缺乏阅读后，确定开设一个路边的读书角，以激励他们多读书。4.A【解析】推理推断题。依据第一段最终一句可知，Meena要解决孩子们缺乏阅读的问题，因此她的读书安排就是为了关爱那些缺乏阅读的孩子们。5.A【解析】细微环节理解题。依据其次段最终一句可知，Meena得嘉奖孩子们一些糖果，让他们坐下来阅读。6.B【解析】推理推断题。依据第四段和第五段可知，Meena接到在该州其他地方建立这样的图书馆的恳求，并且她以此帮助孩子们不要误入歧途，故她的图书馆是有影响力和有意义的。7.B【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲一位女老师开设路边的读书角的故事。8~11 ABDBC篇:本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了语言是如何进化的。8.A【解析】主旨大意题。依据第一段可知，本文主要介绍了语言是如何进化的。9.B【解析】细微环节理解题。依据其次段前两句可知，作者提到海龟和龟壳是为了支持语言是作为一种进化适应而产生的。10.D【解析】推理推断题。依据第三段第三句可知，作者描述一个打猎的场景来举例说明进化论。11.B【解析】推理推断题。第一段谈到语言进化的主流理论分为两个迥然不同的阵营，再依据最终一段最终一句可知，作者接下来最可能会告知我们另一个语言进化理论。12~15 DDCCD篇：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种可以传送野火警报的新型传感器。12.D【解析】词义揣测题。依据画线部分上下文可知，最近，世界各地的一些地区都遭到了森林大火的破坏，而且火势越来越严峻，故gravity意为“严峻性”。13.D【解析】推理推断题。依据其次段和第三段第一句可知，目前的检测方法很大程度上依靠人的视察力，这会延迟有效的反应。这种新型传感器可以向旁边的接收器发送无线信号，可以更快、更早地检测出火灾。14.C【解析】推理推断题。依据第四段Kent说的话可知，改善消防机构之间的协调更为关键，你对火的反应，直到它被扑灭，就像一场芭蕾舞。你必需策划和设计，在正确的时间和地点安排资源，从探测到确认再到调度再到火熄灭。故可推知，灭火是一项合作而有秩序的活动。15.C【解析】细微环节理解题。依据最终一段Wang说的话可知，他的探讨小组下一步将把这种新型传感器的信号范围扩大为目前的100米以外，并为此开发一种爱护罩。放射机的有效性也须要现场测试。16~20 DEGAB七选五：本文是说明文。文章主要给出了在旅行中保持健康的几点建议。16.D【解析】依据语境可知，旅游对身体可能有害。所以当你在旅行途中，更简洁被事情冲昏头脑并且忘了照看自己。17.E【解析】这种旅行，跨越不同的时区，带着行李到处走，成天走路也会对你的身体造成损害。简言之，你得听从你的身体。18.G【解析】G项“只要确保在一天的起先有足够的水”引出下文。19.A【解析】A项“这是一件双赢的事情”承接上文。20.B【解析】B项“做运动”与下文连接紧密，并且概括了本段的主旨大意。21~25 BABCC 26~30 ACDAD 31~35 BDBCA完形填空：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者结合MortenHansen的个人经验和调查探讨发觉：人们在少做一些事的状况下，精力更集中，效率更高，而且会把事情做得更好。21.B【解析】考查名词。依据上文中的identicalpresentations可知，两人的工作性质相同，但其中一人完成得更好。22.A【解析】考查形容词。MortenHansen也有类似的个人经验。23.B【解析】考查动词。MortenHansen在伦敦的一家公司工作时，他努力工作并力图取得胜利。24.C【解析】考查副词。MortenHansen发觉同事虽然事情做得少，但是工作效率比他高，工作完成得也比他好。25.C【解析】考查名词。依据上文中的confused可知，这使他很困惑，这个怀疑始终困扰着他，于是，他下决心去找答案。26.A【解析】考查动词。解析参见上一题。27.C【解析】考查名词。他开展了一项探讨，在五年多的时间里调查了5000多名员工。28.D【解析】考查名词。MortenHansen想知道他们是如何工作的，以及他们的工作方式对他们的工作表现有何影响。29.A【解析】考查动词。我们总以为只要做得多，我们就能取得更大的成就。30.D【解析】考查形容词。探讨结果发觉，恰恰相反，工作中表现最佳的人并没有兼顾许多事，他们做事是有选择的。31.B【解析】考查动词。这些在工作中表现好的人做得少而精，这就是他们比其他人表现精彩的缘由。32.D【解析】考查动词。这个探讨结果对于人们应当如何工作，如何表现来说，是一个相反的观点。33.B【解析】考查名词。少做事就能表现得更好，这个说法当然有其吸引力。34.C【解析】考查动词。但假如老板并不买账，不信任少做事就能表现得更好，并不断地把工作推给你，该怎么办呢?buy此处意为“信任”。35.A【解析】考查动词词组。所以面对老板的发难，应当以恰当的方式拒绝。36.as 37.betting 38.havebeenannounced 39.the 40.their 41.which/that 42.expected 43.Toship 44.degrees 45.particularly语法填空：36.as【解析】考查介词。依据句意可知，as在此处是介词，意为“作为”。37.betting【解析】考查非谓语动词。betting在此处作宾语补足语。38.havebeenannounced【解析】考查时态和语态。依据时间状语inthepastninemonths和句意可知，此处应当用现在完成时的被动语态。39.the【解析】考查冠词。定冠词the在此处特指century。40.their【解析】考查代词。形容词的物主代词their在此修饰名词output。41.which/that【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，关系代词which/that在此处作主语，修饰先行词industries。42.expected【解析】考查形容词。expected在此处作定语，修饰名词demand，意为“预期的”。43.Toship【解析】考查非谓语动词。不定式Toship在此处作目的状语。ship作动词时，意为“运输”。44.degrees【解析】考查名词单复数。依据空前的数字可知，此处应当用名词复数。45.particularly【解析】考查副词。particularly意为“特殊地”，在此处修饰动词plan。写作：第一节：命题立意：本题要求学生以“节约粮食，反对餐饮奢侈”为主题写一篇英语短文，内容包括：1.描述严峻的餐饮奢侈现象；2.给出削减餐饮奢侈的建议；3.呼吁节约粮食。该设题有利于考查学生的英语核心素养，提倡培育学生节约的美德。学生可适当发挥自己的想象力，不要逐字逐句翻译，应当依据生活阅历，用英语思维合理表达三个要点。参考范文：SaveFoodandOpposeFoodWasteItisacommonphenomenonthatpeopleordermorefoodthantheycaneat,andeventhrowawaytheirleftoversinrestaurants,whichhascausedlotsofwasting.Here,I'dliketogivesomeadviceonreducingfoodwaste..First,weshouldhavetheawarenessofsavingfood.Besides,weoughttotreasuregrainwhereverweare.Lastbutnotleast,weshouldhavethecouragetofightagainstwastingfood.Justasthesayinggoes,“Savingisearning.”Savingfoodisavirtue.Solet'sactnowtosavefoodasmuchaspossible.一、评分原则1.本题总分为15分，按5个档次给分。2.评分时，先依据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最终给分。3.词数少于60和多于100的，从总分中减去2分。4.评分时，应留意的主要内容:内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和精确性及上下文的连贯性。5.拼法与标点符号是语言精确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼法及词汇用法均可接受。6.如书写较差，以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。二、各档次的给分范围和要求第五档(13-1